Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Elements and Hazardous Indexes Using High Pure Germanium Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in Sekota, Waghimra, Zone, Ethiopia

Baye Zinabe Kebede; Tadesse Gebeyehu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14

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Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Elements and Hazardous Indexes Using High Pure Germanium Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in Sekota, Waghimra, Zone, Ethiopia

Baye Zinabe Kebede, Tadesse Gebeyehu

Published in American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 8 May 2021 Accepted: 30 June 2021 Published: 9 July 2021

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Abstract

This research paper desired to illustrate the presence of naturally occurring radioactive minerals concentration and the way how naturally occurring radioactive minerals were identified in Wag-himra iron ore deposit soil site. The deposit area covers five Kebelles of the border of Sekota, Ziquale and Abergelle districts. We were used high pure germanium detector to identify the presence of natural occurring radioactivity concentration in iron ore/alloy deposit soil, and applied appropriate research methodology particularly experimental design were more preferable. The researcher was collected samples from ten places across iron ore deposit area by using judgmental sampling techniques and prepared as a desirable manner. The chosen sample was sealed for four weeks in order to obtain secular equilibrium, wherein the rate of decay of the daughter’s equivalent that of the parent. Radium equivalent activity, external hazard index and representative gamma index of the sample were 56.19, 0.1515, 0.804, 0.408, 0.00011 (Bq/kg) respectively. However, internal hazard index was slightly approaching to recommended value and it may cause the significant radiation hazard through long dwelling to the area. This study NORM was analysis from sample of soil from at mineral/iron ore deposit area. The natural occurrence of radioactive materials identified in the samples were ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K. The radiation hazardous were external and internal index.

Published in	American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14
Page(s)	48-52
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Radiation, Concentration, Hazard Index, Radium Equivalent and Radionuclide

References

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[4]	Ayham Assie and et al (2016). Determination of natural radioactivity by gamma spectroscopy in Balad soil, Iraq. Advances in Applied Science Research, 7 (1): 35-41.
[5]	Belete Derib (2017). Evaluation, Characterization and management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials and disused radioactive waste in Water and Soil Samples. Master’s Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Institute of Technology, pp. 20-29.
[6]	Beretka and P. J. Mathew (1985). Natural Radioactivity of Australian building materials. Health Phys, 48: 87–95.
[7]	ERP (2012). United state Environmental radiation protection agency. pp. 8.
[8]	Fanu A. (2011). Assessment of public exposure to naturally occurring radioactive materials from mining and mineral processing activities of tarkwa goldmine in Ghana, doctor of philosophy in chemistry, Kumasi, Ghana, pp. 51.
[9]	Glenn F. Knoll (2008). Radiation Detection and Measurement. Third edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York/Chichester/, pp. 57-67.
[10]	Gordon R. Gilmore (2008). Practical Gamma ray Spectrometry. 2^nd edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Warrington, UK, PP. 56-80.
[11]	Herman Cember and Thoma. E. Johnson (2009). Introduction to Health physics. 4^th edition, the McGraw-Hill Company, pp. 135-240.
[12]	IAEA (2008). Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM V). Printed by the IAEA in Austria, pp. 31.
[13]	Janet A. Ademola (2014). Estimation of Annual Effective Dose Due to Ingestion of Natural Radio nuclides in Cattle in Tin Mining Area of Jos Plateau, Nigeria. Natural Science, 6: 255-261.
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[17]	ICRP (2000). International Commission on Radiological Protection. protection of the Public in Situations of Prolonged Radiation Exposure, Publication 82, Elsevier Science, Oxford.

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Baye Zinabe Kebede, Tadesse Gebeyehu. (2021). Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Elements and Hazardous Indexes Using High Pure Germanium Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in Sekota, Waghimra, Zone, Ethiopia. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 9(2), 48-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14

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ACS Style

Baye Zinabe Kebede; Tadesse Gebeyehu. Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Elements and Hazardous Indexes Using High Pure Germanium Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in Sekota, Waghimra, Zone, Ethiopia. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2021, 9(2), 48-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14

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AMA Style

Baye Zinabe Kebede, Tadesse Gebeyehu. Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Elements and Hazardous Indexes Using High Pure Germanium Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in Sekota, Waghimra, Zone, Ethiopia. Am J Phys Appl. 2021;9(2):48-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14,
  author = {Baye Zinabe Kebede and Tadesse Gebeyehu},
  title = {Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Elements and Hazardous Indexes Using High Pure Germanium Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in Sekota, Waghimra, Zone, Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {48-52},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20210902.14},
  abstract = {This research paper desired to illustrate the presence of naturally occurring radioactive minerals concentration and the way how naturally occurring radioactive minerals were identified in Wag-himra iron ore deposit soil site. The deposit area covers five Kebelles of the border of Sekota, Ziquale and Abergelle districts. We were used high pure germanium detector to identify the presence of natural occurring radioactivity concentration in iron ore/alloy deposit soil, and applied appropriate research methodology particularly experimental design were more preferable. The researcher was collected samples from ten places across iron ore deposit area by using judgmental sampling techniques and prepared as a desirable manner. The chosen sample was sealed for four weeks in order to obtain secular equilibrium, wherein the rate of decay of the daughter’s equivalent that of the parent. Radium equivalent activity, external hazard index and representative gamma index of the sample were 56.19, 0.1515, 0.804, 0.408, 0.00011 (Bq/kg) respectively. However, internal hazard index was slightly approaching to recommended value and it may cause the significant radiation hazard through long dwelling to the area. This study NORM was analysis from sample of soil from at mineral/iron ore deposit area. The natural occurrence of radioactive materials identified in the samples were 238U, 232Th and 40K. The radiation hazardous were external and internal index.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Elements and Hazardous Indexes Using High Pure Germanium Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in Sekota, Waghimra, Zone, Ethiopia
AU  - Baye Zinabe Kebede
AU  - Tadesse Gebeyehu
Y1  - 2021/07/09
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14
T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP  - 48
EP  - 52
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14
AB  - This research paper desired to illustrate the presence of naturally occurring radioactive minerals concentration and the way how naturally occurring radioactive minerals were identified in Wag-himra iron ore deposit soil site. The deposit area covers five Kebelles of the border of Sekota, Ziquale and Abergelle districts. We were used high pure germanium detector to identify the presence of natural occurring radioactivity concentration in iron ore/alloy deposit soil, and applied appropriate research methodology particularly experimental design were more preferable. The researcher was collected samples from ten places across iron ore deposit area by using judgmental sampling techniques and prepared as a desirable manner. The chosen sample was sealed for four weeks in order to obtain secular equilibrium, wherein the rate of decay of the daughter’s equivalent that of the parent. Radium equivalent activity, external hazard index and representative gamma index of the sample were 56.19, 0.1515, 0.804, 0.408, 0.00011 (Bq/kg) respectively. However, internal hazard index was slightly approaching to recommended value and it may cause the significant radiation hazard through long dwelling to the area. This study NORM was analysis from sample of soil from at mineral/iron ore deposit area. The natural occurrence of radioactive materials identified in the samples were 238U, 232Th and 40K. The radiation hazardous were external and internal index.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Baye Zinabe Kebede

Department of Physics, College of Natural Science, Mekdela Amba University, Mekdela Amba, Ethiopia
Tadesse Gebeyehu

Department of Physics, College of Natural Science, Mekdela Amba University, Mekdela Amba, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Baye Zinabe Kebede, Tadesse Gebeyehu. (2021). Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Elements and Hazardous Indexes Using High Pure Germanium Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in Sekota, Waghimra, Zone, Ethiopia. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 9(2), 48-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14

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ACS Style

Baye Zinabe Kebede; Tadesse Gebeyehu. Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Elements and Hazardous Indexes Using High Pure Germanium Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in Sekota, Waghimra, Zone, Ethiopia. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2021, 9(2), 48-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14

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AMA Style

Baye Zinabe Kebede, Tadesse Gebeyehu. Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Elements and Hazardous Indexes Using High Pure Germanium Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in Sekota, Waghimra, Zone, Ethiopia. Am J Phys Appl. 2021;9(2):48-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14,
  author = {Baye Zinabe Kebede and Tadesse Gebeyehu},
  title = {Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Elements and Hazardous Indexes Using High Pure Germanium Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in Sekota, Waghimra, Zone, Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {48-52},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20210902.14},
  abstract = {This research paper desired to illustrate the presence of naturally occurring radioactive minerals concentration and the way how naturally occurring radioactive minerals were identified in Wag-himra iron ore deposit soil site. The deposit area covers five Kebelles of the border of Sekota, Ziquale and Abergelle districts. We were used high pure germanium detector to identify the presence of natural occurring radioactivity concentration in iron ore/alloy deposit soil, and applied appropriate research methodology particularly experimental design were more preferable. The researcher was collected samples from ten places across iron ore deposit area by using judgmental sampling techniques and prepared as a desirable manner. The chosen sample was sealed for four weeks in order to obtain secular equilibrium, wherein the rate of decay of the daughter’s equivalent that of the parent. Radium equivalent activity, external hazard index and representative gamma index of the sample were 56.19, 0.1515, 0.804, 0.408, 0.00011 (Bq/kg) respectively. However, internal hazard index was slightly approaching to recommended value and it may cause the significant radiation hazard through long dwelling to the area. This study NORM was analysis from sample of soil from at mineral/iron ore deposit area. The natural occurrence of radioactive materials identified in the samples were 238U, 232Th and 40K. The radiation hazardous were external and internal index.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Natural Radioactive Elements and Hazardous Indexes Using High Pure Germanium Gamma Ray Spectroscopy in Sekota, Waghimra, Zone, Ethiopia
AU  - Baye Zinabe Kebede
AU  - Tadesse Gebeyehu
Y1  - 2021/07/09
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14
T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP  - 48
EP  - 52
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210902.14
AB  - This research paper desired to illustrate the presence of naturally occurring radioactive minerals concentration and the way how naturally occurring radioactive minerals were identified in Wag-himra iron ore deposit soil site. The deposit area covers five Kebelles of the border of Sekota, Ziquale and Abergelle districts. We were used high pure germanium detector to identify the presence of natural occurring radioactivity concentration in iron ore/alloy deposit soil, and applied appropriate research methodology particularly experimental design were more preferable. The researcher was collected samples from ten places across iron ore deposit area by using judgmental sampling techniques and prepared as a desirable manner. The chosen sample was sealed for four weeks in order to obtain secular equilibrium, wherein the rate of decay of the daughter’s equivalent that of the parent. Radium equivalent activity, external hazard index and representative gamma index of the sample were 56.19, 0.1515, 0.804, 0.408, 0.00011 (Bq/kg) respectively. However, internal hazard index was slightly approaching to recommended value and it may cause the significant radiation hazard through long dwelling to the area. This study NORM was analysis from sample of soil from at mineral/iron ore deposit area. The natural occurrence of radioactive materials identified in the samples were 238U, 232Th and 40K. The radiation hazardous were external and internal index.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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