Femtosecond X-ray Lasers at λ=32.8 and 44.4 nm in a Plasma Formed by Optical Field Ionization in a Krypton Cluster Jet

Elena Ivanova

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11

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Femtosecond X-ray Lasers at λ=32.8 and 44.4 nm in a Plasma Formed by Optical Field Ionization in a Krypton Cluster Jet

Elena Ivanova

Published in American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 9, Issue 5)

Received: 15 July 2021 Accepted: 4 August 2021 Published: 10 September 2021

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Abstract

Due to high efficiency, X-ray lasers based on transitions of Ni-like krypton (Kr⁸⁺) are being actively studied. The main focus is on an X-ray laser based on the conventional 3d_5/24d_5/2 [J=0] – 3d_3/24p_1/2 [J=1] transition at λ=32.8 nm. Gaseous krypton targets or krypton cluster jets are used in various experiments. X-ray lasers at 32.8 nm in a plasma formed by optical field ionization in a krypton cluster jet are widely used for research of nanoobjects. In this article, the possibility of creating an efficient X-ray laser in Ni-like krypton based on a transition with optical self-pumping 3d_3/24f_5/2 [J=1] – 3d_3/24d_5/2 [J=1] at λ=44.4 nm is predicted for the first time. The plasma filament is excited upon interaction of a jet of krypton clusters with an intense pump laser pulse. Optimal conditions to achieve the duration t_las ≤300 fs of the X-ray laser radiation are determined. The optimal electron density is in a rather narrow interval in the range n_e ~ 10²¹ - 2×10²¹ cm^-3. The optimal electron temperature is several keV. It is likely that this explains the fact that no X-ray laser has been observed on this transition in Kr⁸⁺ so far. The conversion factor per pulse is found to be ~5×10^-5. For an X-ray laser operating on the conventional transition 3d_5/24d_5/2 [J=0] – 3d_3/24p_1/2 [J=1] at λ=32.8 nm, t_las ≤ 300 fs can also be achieved; however, the conversion factor for this transition is times ~5 smaller than that for the former transition.

Published in	American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 9, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11
Page(s)	102-109
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

X-ray Lasers, Optical Self-pumping X-ray Laser, Radiative-Collisional Model, Cluster Jets, Optimal Density, Electron Temperature in Nanoplasmas

References

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APA Style

Elena Ivanova. (2021). Femtosecond X-ray Lasers at λ=32.8 and 44.4 nm in a Plasma Formed by Optical Field Ionization in a Krypton Cluster Jet. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 9(5), 102-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11

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ACS Style

Elena Ivanova. Femtosecond X-ray Lasers at λ=32.8 and 44.4 nm in a Plasma Formed by Optical Field Ionization in a Krypton Cluster Jet. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2021, 9(5), 102-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11

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AMA Style

Elena Ivanova. Femtosecond X-ray Lasers at λ=32.8 and 44.4 nm in a Plasma Formed by Optical Field Ionization in a Krypton Cluster Jet. Am J Phys Appl. 2021;9(5):102-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11,
  author = {Elena Ivanova},
  title = {Femtosecond X-ray Lasers at λ=32.8 and 44.4 nm in a Plasma Formed by Optical Field Ionization in a Krypton Cluster Jet},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {9},
  number = {5},
  pages = {102-109},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20210905.11},
  abstract = {Due to high efficiency, X-ray lasers based on transitions of Ni-like krypton (Kr8+) are being actively studied. The main focus is on an X-ray laser based on the conventional 3d5/24d5/2 [J=0] – 3d3/24p1/2 [J=1] transition at λ=32.8 nm. Gaseous krypton targets or krypton cluster jets are used in various experiments. X-ray lasers at 32.8 nm in a plasma formed by optical field ionization in a krypton cluster jet are widely used for research of nanoobjects. In this article, the possibility of creating an efficient X-ray laser in Ni-like krypton based on a transition with optical self-pumping 3d3/24f5/2 [J=1] – 3d3/24d5/2 [J=1] at λ=44.4 nm is predicted for the first time. The plasma filament is excited upon interaction of a jet of krypton clusters with an intense pump laser pulse. Optimal conditions to achieve the duration tlas ≤300 fs of the X-ray laser radiation are determined. The optimal electron density is in a rather narrow interval in the range ne ~ 1021 - 2×1021 cm-3. The optimal electron temperature is several keV. It is likely that this explains the fact that no X-ray laser has been observed on this transition in Kr8+ so far. The conversion factor per pulse is found to be ~5×10-5. For an X-ray laser operating on the conventional transition 3d5/24d5/2 [J=0] – 3d3/24p1/2 [J=1] at λ=32.8 nm, tlas ≤ 300 fs can also be achieved; however, the conversion factor for this transition is times ~5 smaller than that for the former transition.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Femtosecond X-ray Lasers at λ=32.8 and 44.4 nm in a Plasma Formed by Optical Field Ionization in a Krypton Cluster Jet
AU  - Elena Ivanova
Y1  - 2021/09/10
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11
T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP  - 102
EP  - 109
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11
AB  - Due to high efficiency, X-ray lasers based on transitions of Ni-like krypton (Kr8+) are being actively studied. The main focus is on an X-ray laser based on the conventional 3d5/24d5/2 [J=0] – 3d3/24p1/2 [J=1] transition at λ=32.8 nm. Gaseous krypton targets or krypton cluster jets are used in various experiments. X-ray lasers at 32.8 nm in a plasma formed by optical field ionization in a krypton cluster jet are widely used for research of nanoobjects. In this article, the possibility of creating an efficient X-ray laser in Ni-like krypton based on a transition with optical self-pumping 3d3/24f5/2 [J=1] – 3d3/24d5/2 [J=1] at λ=44.4 nm is predicted for the first time. The plasma filament is excited upon interaction of a jet of krypton clusters with an intense pump laser pulse. Optimal conditions to achieve the duration tlas ≤300 fs of the X-ray laser radiation are determined. The optimal electron density is in a rather narrow interval in the range ne ~ 1021 - 2×1021 cm-3. The optimal electron temperature is several keV. It is likely that this explains the fact that no X-ray laser has been observed on this transition in Kr8+ so far. The conversion factor per pulse is found to be ~5×10-5. For an X-ray laser operating on the conventional transition 3d5/24d5/2 [J=0] – 3d3/24p1/2 [J=1] at λ=32.8 nm, tlas ≤ 300 fs can also be achieved; however, the conversion factor for this transition is times ~5 smaller than that for the former transition.
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Elena Ivanova

Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

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APA Style

Elena Ivanova. (2021). Femtosecond X-ray Lasers at λ=32.8 and 44.4 nm in a Plasma Formed by Optical Field Ionization in a Krypton Cluster Jet. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 9(5), 102-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11

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ACS Style

Elena Ivanova. Femtosecond X-ray Lasers at λ=32.8 and 44.4 nm in a Plasma Formed by Optical Field Ionization in a Krypton Cluster Jet. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2021, 9(5), 102-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11

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AMA Style

Elena Ivanova. Femtosecond X-ray Lasers at λ=32.8 and 44.4 nm in a Plasma Formed by Optical Field Ionization in a Krypton Cluster Jet. Am J Phys Appl. 2021;9(5):102-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11,
  author = {Elena Ivanova},
  title = {Femtosecond X-ray Lasers at λ=32.8 and 44.4 nm in a Plasma Formed by Optical Field Ionization in a Krypton Cluster Jet},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {9},
  number = {5},
  pages = {102-109},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20210905.11},
  abstract = {Due to high efficiency, X-ray lasers based on transitions of Ni-like krypton (Kr8+) are being actively studied. The main focus is on an X-ray laser based on the conventional 3d5/24d5/2 [J=0] – 3d3/24p1/2 [J=1] transition at λ=32.8 nm. Gaseous krypton targets or krypton cluster jets are used in various experiments. X-ray lasers at 32.8 nm in a plasma formed by optical field ionization in a krypton cluster jet are widely used for research of nanoobjects. In this article, the possibility of creating an efficient X-ray laser in Ni-like krypton based on a transition with optical self-pumping 3d3/24f5/2 [J=1] – 3d3/24d5/2 [J=1] at λ=44.4 nm is predicted for the first time. The plasma filament is excited upon interaction of a jet of krypton clusters with an intense pump laser pulse. Optimal conditions to achieve the duration tlas ≤300 fs of the X-ray laser radiation are determined. The optimal electron density is in a rather narrow interval in the range ne ~ 1021 - 2×1021 cm-3. The optimal electron temperature is several keV. It is likely that this explains the fact that no X-ray laser has been observed on this transition in Kr8+ so far. The conversion factor per pulse is found to be ~5×10-5. For an X-ray laser operating on the conventional transition 3d5/24d5/2 [J=0] – 3d3/24p1/2 [J=1] at λ=32.8 nm, tlas ≤ 300 fs can also be achieved; however, the conversion factor for this transition is times ~5 smaller than that for the former transition.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Femtosecond X-ray Lasers at λ=32.8 and 44.4 nm in a Plasma Formed by Optical Field Ionization in a Krypton Cluster Jet
AU  - Elena Ivanova
Y1  - 2021/09/10
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11
T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP  - 102
EP  - 109
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20210905.11
AB  - Due to high efficiency, X-ray lasers based on transitions of Ni-like krypton (Kr8+) are being actively studied. The main focus is on an X-ray laser based on the conventional 3d5/24d5/2 [J=0] – 3d3/24p1/2 [J=1] transition at λ=32.8 nm. Gaseous krypton targets or krypton cluster jets are used in various experiments. X-ray lasers at 32.8 nm in a plasma formed by optical field ionization in a krypton cluster jet are widely used for research of nanoobjects. In this article, the possibility of creating an efficient X-ray laser in Ni-like krypton based on a transition with optical self-pumping 3d3/24f5/2 [J=1] – 3d3/24d5/2 [J=1] at λ=44.4 nm is predicted for the first time. The plasma filament is excited upon interaction of a jet of krypton clusters with an intense pump laser pulse. Optimal conditions to achieve the duration tlas ≤300 fs of the X-ray laser radiation are determined. The optimal electron density is in a rather narrow interval in the range ne ~ 1021 - 2×1021 cm-3. The optimal electron temperature is several keV. It is likely that this explains the fact that no X-ray laser has been observed on this transition in Kr8+ so far. The conversion factor per pulse is found to be ~5×10-5. For an X-ray laser operating on the conventional transition 3d5/24d5/2 [J=0] – 3d3/24p1/2 [J=1] at λ=32.8 nm, tlas ≤ 300 fs can also be achieved; however, the conversion factor for this transition is times ~5 smaller than that for the former transition.
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
ER  -

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