Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Benzene and Paranitroaniline in UV-Vis Spectroscopy

Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11

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Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Benzene and Paranitroaniline in UV-Vis Spectroscopy

Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw

Published in American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 4 August 2021 Accepted: 17 August 2021 Published: 27 August 2021

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Abstract

A UV-Vis spectrophotometer is simple, quick and low cost analytical technique used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of solutes (190 - 800 nm wavelength in the electromagnetic radiation) in both vapour and liquid phase. Depending on the nature of the chromophore, auxochrome, the conjugation, unsaturation properties, steric hindrance, concentration, pH and temperature of the solute and the polarity difference of solvents as well as the interaction of solute-solvent; the intensity, shape and position of maximum electronic absorption spectra of benzene and paranitroaniline influenced in UV/Vis spectroscopy measurement. The main focus of this study were (1) To optimize the working range of plastic and quartz cuvette and the effect of slit width in the spectrum of vapour phase of benzene (2) To determine the interaction effects of benzene with acetonitrile and cyclohexane, and paranitroaniline with water and cyclohexane. Plastic and quartz cuvette optimum working ranges from 300 -800 nm and above 250 nm respectively. The vapour phase with slit width of 0.1 nm and 2 nm and liquid phase in polar (acetonitrile) and non-polar (cyclohexane) of benzene maximum electronic absorption spectrum is observed at 254 nm. In the vapour phase of benzene using 2 nm slit width resolves the smooth spectrum, well resolved and high intensity as compared with 0.1nm slit width. The higher peak and vibration peak in liquid phase of benzene well resolved as compared to vapour phase. In the case of paranitroaniline, the maximum electronic absorption at 380nm shows a bathochromic shift (in water due to dipole-dipole interaction of PNA and water) and at 320nm which shows a hypsochromic shift (in cyclohexane since dipole-induced dipole interaction of PNA and cyclohexane). Therefore, as indicated in benzene and PNA the interaction of solvents matters the shape, position and intensity of maximum absorption spectra in UV/Vis spectroscopy.

Published in	American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11
Page(s)	16-20
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

UV/Vis, Solute, Solvent, Bathochromic Shift, Hypsochromic Shift, Auxochrome

References

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[4]	Skoog DA, Hollar FJ, Crouch SR. An Introduction to Ultraviolet-Visible Molecular Absorption Spectrometry. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th ed, Harayana: Thomson. 2007, 336-7.
[5]	Adeoye, M. D.; Adeogun, A. I.; Adewuyi, S.; Ahmed, S. A.; Odozi, N. W.; Obi, N. O. Effect of Solvents on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of 9, 14 Dibenzo (a, c) Phenazine and Tribenzo (a, c, i) Phenazine. Sci Res Essays 5.
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[7]	M. S. Zakerhamidi; A. Ghanadzadeh; M. Moghadam. Solvent Effects on the UV/ Visible Absorption Spectra of Some Aminoazobenzene Dyes. Chem. Sci. Trans. 2012, 1 (1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.7598/cst2012.118.
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[15]	DeFusco A, Minezawa N, Slipchenko LV, Zahariev F, Gordon MS. Modeling solvent effects on electronic excited states. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 2011, 2 (17), 2184-92.
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APA Style

Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw. (2021). Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Benzene and Paranitroaniline in UV-Vis Spectroscopy. American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy, 5(2), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11

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ACS Style

Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw. Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Benzene and Paranitroaniline in UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Am. J. Quantum Chem. Mol. Spectrosc. 2021, 5(2), 16-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11

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AMA Style

Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw. Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Benzene and Paranitroaniline in UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Am J Quantum Chem Mol Spectrosc. 2021;5(2):16-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11,
  author = {Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw},
  title = {Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Benzene and Paranitroaniline in UV-Vis Spectroscopy},
  journal = {American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {16-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajqcms.20210502.11},
  abstract = {A UV-Vis spectrophotometer is simple, quick and low cost analytical technique used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of solutes (190 - 800 nm wavelength in the electromagnetic radiation) in both vapour and liquid phase. Depending on the nature of the chromophore, auxochrome, the conjugation, unsaturation properties, steric hindrance, concentration, pH and temperature of the solute and the polarity difference of solvents as well as the interaction of solute-solvent; the intensity, shape and position of maximum electronic absorption spectra of benzene and paranitroaniline influenced in UV/Vis spectroscopy measurement. The main focus of this study were (1) To optimize the working range of plastic and quartz cuvette and the effect of slit width in the spectrum of vapour phase of benzene (2) To determine the interaction effects of benzene with acetonitrile and cyclohexane, and paranitroaniline with water and cyclohexane. Plastic and quartz cuvette optimum working ranges from 300 -800 nm and above 250 nm respectively. The vapour phase with slit width of 0.1 nm and 2 nm and liquid phase in polar (acetonitrile) and non-polar (cyclohexane) of benzene maximum electronic absorption spectrum is observed at 254 nm. In the vapour phase of benzene using 2 nm slit width resolves the smooth spectrum, well resolved and high intensity as compared with 0.1nm slit width. The higher peak and vibration peak in liquid phase of benzene well resolved as compared to vapour phase. In the case of paranitroaniline, the maximum electronic absorption at 380nm shows a bathochromic shift (in water due to dipole-dipole interaction of PNA and water) and at 320nm which shows a hypsochromic shift (in cyclohexane since dipole-induced dipole interaction of PNA and cyclohexane). Therefore, as indicated in benzene and PNA the interaction of solvents matters the shape, position and intensity of maximum absorption spectra in UV/Vis spectroscopy.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Benzene and Paranitroaniline in UV-Vis Spectroscopy
AU  - Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw
Y1  - 2021/08/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11
T2  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
JO  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
SP  - 16
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11
AB  - A UV-Vis spectrophotometer is simple, quick and low cost analytical technique used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of solutes (190 - 800 nm wavelength in the electromagnetic radiation) in both vapour and liquid phase. Depending on the nature of the chromophore, auxochrome, the conjugation, unsaturation properties, steric hindrance, concentration, pH and temperature of the solute and the polarity difference of solvents as well as the interaction of solute-solvent; the intensity, shape and position of maximum electronic absorption spectra of benzene and paranitroaniline influenced in UV/Vis spectroscopy measurement. The main focus of this study were (1) To optimize the working range of plastic and quartz cuvette and the effect of slit width in the spectrum of vapour phase of benzene (2) To determine the interaction effects of benzene with acetonitrile and cyclohexane, and paranitroaniline with water and cyclohexane. Plastic and quartz cuvette optimum working ranges from 300 -800 nm and above 250 nm respectively. The vapour phase with slit width of 0.1 nm and 2 nm and liquid phase in polar (acetonitrile) and non-polar (cyclohexane) of benzene maximum electronic absorption spectrum is observed at 254 nm. In the vapour phase of benzene using 2 nm slit width resolves the smooth spectrum, well resolved and high intensity as compared with 0.1nm slit width. The higher peak and vibration peak in liquid phase of benzene well resolved as compared to vapour phase. In the case of paranitroaniline, the maximum electronic absorption at 380nm shows a bathochromic shift (in water due to dipole-dipole interaction of PNA and water) and at 320nm which shows a hypsochromic shift (in cyclohexane since dipole-induced dipole interaction of PNA and cyclohexane). Therefore, as indicated in benzene and PNA the interaction of solvents matters the shape, position and intensity of maximum absorption spectra in UV/Vis spectroscopy.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

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Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw. (2021). Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Benzene and Paranitroaniline in UV-Vis Spectroscopy. American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy, 5(2), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11

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ACS Style

Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw. Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Benzene and Paranitroaniline in UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Am. J. Quantum Chem. Mol. Spectrosc. 2021, 5(2), 16-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11

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AMA Style

Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw. Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Benzene and Paranitroaniline in UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Am J Quantum Chem Mol Spectrosc. 2021;5(2):16-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11,
  author = {Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw},
  title = {Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Benzene and Paranitroaniline in UV-Vis Spectroscopy},
  journal = {American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {16-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajqcms.20210502.11},
  abstract = {A UV-Vis spectrophotometer is simple, quick and low cost analytical technique used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of solutes (190 - 800 nm wavelength in the electromagnetic radiation) in both vapour and liquid phase. Depending on the nature of the chromophore, auxochrome, the conjugation, unsaturation properties, steric hindrance, concentration, pH and temperature of the solute and the polarity difference of solvents as well as the interaction of solute-solvent; the intensity, shape and position of maximum electronic absorption spectra of benzene and paranitroaniline influenced in UV/Vis spectroscopy measurement. The main focus of this study were (1) To optimize the working range of plastic and quartz cuvette and the effect of slit width in the spectrum of vapour phase of benzene (2) To determine the interaction effects of benzene with acetonitrile and cyclohexane, and paranitroaniline with water and cyclohexane. Plastic and quartz cuvette optimum working ranges from 300 -800 nm and above 250 nm respectively. The vapour phase with slit width of 0.1 nm and 2 nm and liquid phase in polar (acetonitrile) and non-polar (cyclohexane) of benzene maximum electronic absorption spectrum is observed at 254 nm. In the vapour phase of benzene using 2 nm slit width resolves the smooth spectrum, well resolved and high intensity as compared with 0.1nm slit width. The higher peak and vibration peak in liquid phase of benzene well resolved as compared to vapour phase. In the case of paranitroaniline, the maximum electronic absorption at 380nm shows a bathochromic shift (in water due to dipole-dipole interaction of PNA and water) and at 320nm which shows a hypsochromic shift (in cyclohexane since dipole-induced dipole interaction of PNA and cyclohexane). Therefore, as indicated in benzene and PNA the interaction of solvents matters the shape, position and intensity of maximum absorption spectra in UV/Vis spectroscopy.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Benzene and Paranitroaniline in UV-Vis Spectroscopy
AU  - Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw
Y1  - 2021/08/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11
T2  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
JO  - American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy
SP  - 16
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajqcms.20210502.11
AB  - A UV-Vis spectrophotometer is simple, quick and low cost analytical technique used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of solutes (190 - 800 nm wavelength in the electromagnetic radiation) in both vapour and liquid phase. Depending on the nature of the chromophore, auxochrome, the conjugation, unsaturation properties, steric hindrance, concentration, pH and temperature of the solute and the polarity difference of solvents as well as the interaction of solute-solvent; the intensity, shape and position of maximum electronic absorption spectra of benzene and paranitroaniline influenced in UV/Vis spectroscopy measurement. The main focus of this study were (1) To optimize the working range of plastic and quartz cuvette and the effect of slit width in the spectrum of vapour phase of benzene (2) To determine the interaction effects of benzene with acetonitrile and cyclohexane, and paranitroaniline with water and cyclohexane. Plastic and quartz cuvette optimum working ranges from 300 -800 nm and above 250 nm respectively. The vapour phase with slit width of 0.1 nm and 2 nm and liquid phase in polar (acetonitrile) and non-polar (cyclohexane) of benzene maximum electronic absorption spectrum is observed at 254 nm. In the vapour phase of benzene using 2 nm slit width resolves the smooth spectrum, well resolved and high intensity as compared with 0.1nm slit width. The higher peak and vibration peak in liquid phase of benzene well resolved as compared to vapour phase. In the case of paranitroaniline, the maximum electronic absorption at 380nm shows a bathochromic shift (in water due to dipole-dipole interaction of PNA and water) and at 320nm which shows a hypsochromic shift (in cyclohexane since dipole-induced dipole interaction of PNA and cyclohexane). Therefore, as indicated in benzene and PNA the interaction of solvents matters the shape, position and intensity of maximum absorption spectra in UV/Vis spectroscopy.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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