Vacuum-arc Nitriding of Carbon Steels Having Low Tempering Temperature

Viacheslav Stolbovyi; Anatoliy Andreev; Iryna Serdiuk; Igor Kolodii; Anatoliy Shepelev

doi:doi:10.11648/j.am.20211004.11

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Vacuum-arc Nitriding of Carbon Steels Having Low Tempering Temperature

Viacheslav Stolbovyi, Anatoliy Andreev, Iryna Serdiuk, Igor Kolodii, Anatoliy Shepelev

Published in Advances in Materials (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 2 September 2021 Accepted: 28 September 2021 Published: 29 October 2021

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Abstract

Studies have been made into a new possibility of modifying the surface of steels having a low tempering temperature by nitriding them in a vacuum-arc gas discharge followed by heat treatment (heating, quenching and tempering). Generally, nitriding of hardened steels takes place at a temperature of about 500°C, and thus this process appears impossible for steels with tempering temperatures of the order of 200... 300°C. It is demonstrated here that a single ion-plasma nitriding of high-carbon steel with the composition of 0.9% C, 1% Cr, 1% Si, followed by heat treatment, provides the nitrided layer of 2.5 mm in depth, with the hardness between 9 and 11 GPa. Within the range of X-rays penetration, the nitride-hardened layer of the surface is defined as the nitrogen austenite-alpha ferrite mixture, which shows high wear resistance and impact toughness. This layer contributes, in particular, to three-/four-foldin crease in the operational life of cutting punches (made of this steel and used in the manufacture of metal sieves) as opposed to the punches that have undergone conventional heat treatment. After repeated nitriding of the same steel and its subsequent heat treatment according to standard technologies the nitrided layer thickness becomes nearly twice as large, and that allows for multiple regrinding of steel tools. A computer analysis of related publications entered into three International Databases (INIS, MSCI, SCOPUS) has been carried out.

Published in	Advances in Materials (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.am.20211004.11
Page(s)	48-54
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vacuum Arc Discharge, Vacuum Arc Gas Discharge, Ion-plasma Nitriding, Heat Treatment, Carbon Steel

References

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[2]	R. Chatterjee-Fischer, W. Eisell, D. Liedtke, H Mallener, W. Rembges, A. Schreiner, G. Welker. Warmebehandlung von Eisenwerkstoffen (Heat treatment of ferrous materials). Nitrieren und Nitrocarburieren, Expert Verlag: Renningen, 1986, 396.
[3]	B. Edenhofer, Physikalishe und metallkundliche Vorgangebeim Nitriren in Plasma einer Glimmentladung [Physical and metallurgical processes during nitriding in plasma of a glow discharge] // Harterei- Technishe Mitteilungen. 1974, Bd. 29, № 2, S. 105-112.
[4]	Б. Н. Арзамасов, А. Г. Братухин, Ю. С. Елисеев, Т. А. Панайоти. Ионная химико-термическая обработка сплавов. [Ionic chemical heat treatment of alloys.] М., Изд-во МГТУ им. Баумана, 1995, 400 с.
[5]	G. G. Tibbets (1974) «Role of nitrogen atoms in “ion-nitriging”» J. Appl. Phys., рp. 5072-5073.
[6]	Kreyndel Yu. E., Ponomareva L. P., Ponomarev V. P., Slosman A. I. (1983), “On nitriding the anode in glowing solids” Elektronnaya obrabotka materialov, 4 (118), pр. 32-34. (in Russian).
[7]	N. Renevier, P. Collignon, H. Michel, T. Czerwiec. (1996) “New trends on nitriding in low pressure arc discharges studied by optical emission spectroscopy”, Surface and Coatings Technology., v. 86/87, pр. 285-231.
[8]	Андреев А. А, Саблев Л. П., Григорьев С. Н. Вакуумно-дуговые покрытия [Vacuum arc coatings] – Харьков, ННЦ ХФТИ, 2010, 317 с. https://www.twirpx.com/file/1188327/.
[9]	Pat. USA 5.503.725. Method and device for treatment of products in gas-discharge plasma / L. P. Sablev, A. A. Andreev, S. N. Grigoriev, A. S. Metel. 1996.
[10]	Bogachev I. I., Klimov V. N. (2016) “Analysis of modern methods for increasing the depth of the nitrided layer in steels”, Vestnik MGTU “STANKIN”, No 2, рp. 57-61 (in Russian).
[11]	Богачев И. И., В. Н. Климов Разработка технологии глубокого ионно-плазменного азотирования [Development of technology for deep side ion-plasma nitriding] // Научная дискуссия: вопросы технических наук. –2016. – Т. 33 (№3). – C. 53-56. http://internauka.org/archive2/tex/3(33).pdf
[12]	Y. Sun and T. Bell. (1991) “Plasma surface engineering of low alloy steel”, Materials Science and Engineering, A 140, pp. 419-434.
[13]	Андреєв А. О., Жиров О. С., Соболь О. В., Столбовий В. О., Шепель С. В., Шевченко С. М. Спосіб хіміко-термічної обробки сталевих виробів. [Method of chemical and thermal treatment of steel products] Патент України на корисну модель u2017 00038, 12/06/2017 Бюл. № 11.
[14]	O. V. Sobol’, A. A. Andreev, S. V. Shepel’, V. V. Dmitrik, N. A. Pogrebnoy, G. I. Ishchenko, S. A. Knyazev, H. V. Pinchuk, A. A. Meylekhov, В. A. Stolbovoy, M. O. Sologub, N. A. Krivobok. Using of a structural approach in assessing the efficiency of the gas and ion nitriding of steels. PSE, 2015, vol. 13, No. 2.
[15]	Соболь О. В., Шевченко С., М., Протасенко Т., О., Дослідження ефективності іонного азотування для модифікації сталі. [Investigation of the efficiency of ionic nitriding for steel modification.] Вестник ХНАДУ, 2018, вып. 82, с. 1-19.

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Viacheslav Stolbovyi, Anatoliy Andreev, Iryna Serdiuk, Igor Kolodii, Anatoliy Shepelev. (2021). Vacuum-arc Nitriding of Carbon Steels Having Low Tempering Temperature. Advances in Materials, 10(4), 48-54. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.11

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ACS Style

Viacheslav Stolbovyi; Anatoliy Andreev; Iryna Serdiuk; Igor Kolodii; Anatoliy Shepelev. Vacuum-arc Nitriding of Carbon Steels Having Low Tempering Temperature. Adv. Mater. 2021, 10(4), 48-54. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20211004.11

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AMA Style

Viacheslav Stolbovyi, Anatoliy Andreev, Iryna Serdiuk, Igor Kolodii, Anatoliy Shepelev. Vacuum-arc Nitriding of Carbon Steels Having Low Tempering Temperature. Adv Mater. 2021;10(4):48-54. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20211004.11

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@article{10.11648/j.am.20211004.11,
  author = {Viacheslav Stolbovyi and Anatoliy Andreev and Iryna Serdiuk and Igor Kolodii and Anatoliy Shepelev},
  title = {Vacuum-arc Nitriding of Carbon Steels Having Low Tempering Temperature},
  journal = {Advances in Materials},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {48-54},
  doi = {10.11648/j.am.20211004.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.am.20211004.11},
  abstract = {Studies have been made into a new possibility of modifying the surface of steels having a low tempering temperature by nitriding them in a vacuum-arc gas discharge followed by heat treatment (heating, quenching and tempering). Generally, nitriding of hardened steels takes place at a temperature of about 500°C, and thus this process appears impossible for steels with tempering temperatures of the order of 200... 300°C. It is demonstrated here that a single ion-plasma nitriding of high-carbon steel with the composition of 0.9% C, 1% Cr, 1% Si, followed by heat treatment, provides the nitrided layer of 2.5 mm in depth, with the hardness between 9 and 11 GPa. Within the range of X-rays penetration, the nitride-hardened layer of the surface is defined as the nitrogen austenite-alpha ferrite mixture, which shows high wear resistance and impact toughness. This layer contributes, in particular, to three-/four-foldin crease in the operational life of cutting punches (made of this steel and used in the manufacture of metal sieves) as opposed to the punches that have undergone conventional heat treatment. After repeated nitriding of the same steel and its subsequent heat treatment according to standard technologies the nitrided layer thickness becomes nearly twice as large, and that allows for multiple regrinding of steel tools. A computer analysis of related publications entered into three International Databases (INIS, MSCI, SCOPUS) has been carried out.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Vacuum-arc Nitriding of Carbon Steels Having Low Tempering Temperature
AU  - Viacheslav Stolbovyi
AU  - Anatoliy Andreev
AU  - Iryna Serdiuk
AU  - Igor Kolodii
AU  - Anatoliy Shepelev
Y1  - 2021/10/29
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.am.20211004.11
T2  - Advances in Materials
JF  - Advances in Materials
JO  - Advances in Materials
SP  - 48
EP  - 54
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-252X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.11
AB  - Studies have been made into a new possibility of modifying the surface of steels having a low tempering temperature by nitriding them in a vacuum-arc gas discharge followed by heat treatment (heating, quenching and tempering). Generally, nitriding of hardened steels takes place at a temperature of about 500°C, and thus this process appears impossible for steels with tempering temperatures of the order of 200... 300°C. It is demonstrated here that a single ion-plasma nitriding of high-carbon steel with the composition of 0.9% C, 1% Cr, 1% Si, followed by heat treatment, provides the nitrided layer of 2.5 mm in depth, with the hardness between 9 and 11 GPa. Within the range of X-rays penetration, the nitride-hardened layer of the surface is defined as the nitrogen austenite-alpha ferrite mixture, which shows high wear resistance and impact toughness. This layer contributes, in particular, to three-/four-foldin crease in the operational life of cutting punches (made of this steel and used in the manufacture of metal sieves) as opposed to the punches that have undergone conventional heat treatment. After repeated nitriding of the same steel and its subsequent heat treatment according to standard technologies the nitrided layer thickness becomes nearly twice as large, and that allows for multiple regrinding of steel tools. A computer analysis of related publications entered into three International Databases (INIS, MSCI, SCOPUS) has been carried out.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Viacheslav Stolbovyi

Department of Intensive Vacuum Plasma Technologies, Institute of Solid-state Physics, Materials Science and Technologies ?National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology? of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Anatoliy Andreev

Department of Intensive Vacuum Plasma Technologies, Institute of Solid-state Physics, Materials Science and Technologies ?National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology? of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Iryna Serdiuk

Department of Intensive Vacuum Plasma Technologies, Institute of Solid-state Physics, Materials Science and Technologies ?National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology? of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Igor Kolodii

Department of Intensive Vacuum Plasma Technologies, Institute of Solid-state Physics, Materials Science and Technologies ?National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology? of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Anatoliy Shepelev

Department of Intensive Vacuum Plasma Technologies, Institute of Solid-state Physics, Materials Science and Technologies ?National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology? of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine

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APA Style

Viacheslav Stolbovyi, Anatoliy Andreev, Iryna Serdiuk, Igor Kolodii, Anatoliy Shepelev. (2021). Vacuum-arc Nitriding of Carbon Steels Having Low Tempering Temperature. Advances in Materials, 10(4), 48-54. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.11

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ACS Style

Viacheslav Stolbovyi; Anatoliy Andreev; Iryna Serdiuk; Igor Kolodii; Anatoliy Shepelev. Vacuum-arc Nitriding of Carbon Steels Having Low Tempering Temperature. Adv. Mater. 2021, 10(4), 48-54. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20211004.11

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AMA Style

Viacheslav Stolbovyi, Anatoliy Andreev, Iryna Serdiuk, Igor Kolodii, Anatoliy Shepelev. Vacuum-arc Nitriding of Carbon Steels Having Low Tempering Temperature. Adv Mater. 2021;10(4):48-54. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20211004.11

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@article{10.11648/j.am.20211004.11,
  author = {Viacheslav Stolbovyi and Anatoliy Andreev and Iryna Serdiuk and Igor Kolodii and Anatoliy Shepelev},
  title = {Vacuum-arc Nitriding of Carbon Steels Having Low Tempering Temperature},
  journal = {Advances in Materials},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {48-54},
  doi = {10.11648/j.am.20211004.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.am.20211004.11},
  abstract = {Studies have been made into a new possibility of modifying the surface of steels having a low tempering temperature by nitriding them in a vacuum-arc gas discharge followed by heat treatment (heating, quenching and tempering). Generally, nitriding of hardened steels takes place at a temperature of about 500°C, and thus this process appears impossible for steels with tempering temperatures of the order of 200... 300°C. It is demonstrated here that a single ion-plasma nitriding of high-carbon steel with the composition of 0.9% C, 1% Cr, 1% Si, followed by heat treatment, provides the nitrided layer of 2.5 mm in depth, with the hardness between 9 and 11 GPa. Within the range of X-rays penetration, the nitride-hardened layer of the surface is defined as the nitrogen austenite-alpha ferrite mixture, which shows high wear resistance and impact toughness. This layer contributes, in particular, to three-/four-foldin crease in the operational life of cutting punches (made of this steel and used in the manufacture of metal sieves) as opposed to the punches that have undergone conventional heat treatment. After repeated nitriding of the same steel and its subsequent heat treatment according to standard technologies the nitrided layer thickness becomes nearly twice as large, and that allows for multiple regrinding of steel tools. A computer analysis of related publications entered into three International Databases (INIS, MSCI, SCOPUS) has been carried out.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Vacuum-arc Nitriding of Carbon Steels Having Low Tempering Temperature
AU  - Viacheslav Stolbovyi
AU  - Anatoliy Andreev
AU  - Iryna Serdiuk
AU  - Igor Kolodii
AU  - Anatoliy Shepelev
Y1  - 2021/10/29
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.am.20211004.11
T2  - Advances in Materials
JF  - Advances in Materials
JO  - Advances in Materials
SP  - 48
EP  - 54
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-252X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.11
AB  - Studies have been made into a new possibility of modifying the surface of steels having a low tempering temperature by nitriding them in a vacuum-arc gas discharge followed by heat treatment (heating, quenching and tempering). Generally, nitriding of hardened steels takes place at a temperature of about 500°C, and thus this process appears impossible for steels with tempering temperatures of the order of 200... 300°C. It is demonstrated here that a single ion-plasma nitriding of high-carbon steel with the composition of 0.9% C, 1% Cr, 1% Si, followed by heat treatment, provides the nitrided layer of 2.5 mm in depth, with the hardness between 9 and 11 GPa. Within the range of X-rays penetration, the nitride-hardened layer of the surface is defined as the nitrogen austenite-alpha ferrite mixture, which shows high wear resistance and impact toughness. This layer contributes, in particular, to three-/four-foldin crease in the operational life of cutting punches (made of this steel and used in the manufacture of metal sieves) as opposed to the punches that have undergone conventional heat treatment. After repeated nitriding of the same steel and its subsequent heat treatment according to standard technologies the nitrided layer thickness becomes nearly twice as large, and that allows for multiple regrinding of steel tools. A computer analysis of related publications entered into three International Databases (INIS, MSCI, SCOPUS) has been carried out.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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