Microstructure and Mineralogy of Compressed Earth Bricks Incorporating Shea Butter Wastes Stabilized with Cement

Alfred Niamien Kouamé; Léon Koffi Konan; Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.am.20211004.13

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Microstructure and Mineralogy of Compressed Earth Bricks Incorporating Shea Butter Wastes Stabilized with Cement

Alfred Niamien Kouamé, Léon Koffi Konan, Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi

Published in Advances in Materials (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 15 October 2021 Accepted: 12 November 2021 Published: 9 December 2021

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Abstract

The current context of sustainable development encourages the development of materials with low environmental impact, which explains the renewed interest in earthen constructions. This study is therefore a contribution to the valorization of clay raw materials from Côte d'Ivoire and agro-industrial waste in eco-construction. The aims of this study was studied the effect of shea butter wastes on the mineralogy and microstructure of Compressed Earth Bricks (CEB) stabilized with cement. To do this, two clay raw materials denoted F (Fronan) and K (Katiola) were sampled and then characterized. Various geotechnical and physicochemical tests have shown that these soils are loamy sand of class A2 and essentially contain quartz, kaolinite, mica and ferric compounds. As for shea butter wastes, it is mainly rich in lignin (32%); cellulose (28%) and hemicellulose (19%). Several samples of bricks with different percentages by mass of clay and shea butter wastes (0-10%), stabilized with 5% cement were prepared and then characterized. The results of the mechanical tests showed that the clay-cement matrix could contain 4% shea butter wastes for the formulations with clay F against 6% with clay K. The corresponding optimal formulations are F₉₁TK₄C₅ and K₈₉TK₆C₅ with clays F and K respectively. The SEM images showed a less dense microstructure for the optimal formulation F₉₁TK₄C₅ compared to that of the clay-cement matrix unlike K₈₉TK₆C₅ where the microstructure remained always dense. X-ray diffraction did not allow to observe mineralogical modifications with the incorporation of shea butter wastes into the clay-cement matrix due to their low quantities in the optimal formulations.

Published in	Advances in Materials (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.am.20211004.13
Page(s)	67-74
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Clayey Materials, Shea Butter Wastes, Compressed Earth Brick, Microstructure, Mineralogy

References

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APA Style

Alfred Niamien Kouamé, Léon Koffi Konan, Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi. (2021). Microstructure and Mineralogy of Compressed Earth Bricks Incorporating Shea Butter Wastes Stabilized with Cement. Advances in Materials, 10(4), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.13

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ACS Style

Alfred Niamien Kouamé; Léon Koffi Konan; Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi. Microstructure and Mineralogy of Compressed Earth Bricks Incorporating Shea Butter Wastes Stabilized with Cement. Adv. Mater. 2021, 10(4), 67-74. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20211004.13

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AMA Style

Alfred Niamien Kouamé, Léon Koffi Konan, Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi. Microstructure and Mineralogy of Compressed Earth Bricks Incorporating Shea Butter Wastes Stabilized with Cement. Adv Mater. 2021;10(4):67-74. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20211004.13

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@article{10.11648/j.am.20211004.13,
  author = {Alfred Niamien Kouamé and Léon Koffi Konan and Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi},
  title = {Microstructure and Mineralogy of Compressed Earth Bricks Incorporating Shea Butter Wastes Stabilized with Cement},
  journal = {Advances in Materials},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {67-74},
  doi = {10.11648/j.am.20211004.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.am.20211004.13},
  abstract = {The current context of sustainable development encourages the development of materials with low environmental impact, which explains the renewed interest in earthen constructions. This study is therefore a contribution to the valorization of clay raw materials from Côte d'Ivoire and agro-industrial waste in eco-construction. The aims of this study was studied the effect of shea butter wastes on the mineralogy and microstructure of Compressed Earth Bricks (CEB) stabilized with cement. To do this, two clay raw materials denoted F (Fronan) and K (Katiola) were sampled and then characterized. Various geotechnical and physicochemical tests have shown that these soils are loamy sand of class A2 and essentially contain quartz, kaolinite, mica and ferric compounds. As for shea butter wastes, it is mainly rich in lignin (32%); cellulose (28%) and hemicellulose (19%). Several samples of bricks with different percentages by mass of clay and shea butter wastes (0-10%), stabilized with 5% cement were prepared and then characterized. The results of the mechanical tests showed that the clay-cement matrix could contain 4% shea butter wastes for the formulations with clay F against 6% with clay K. The corresponding optimal formulations are F91TK4C5 and K89TK6C5 with clays F and K respectively. The SEM images showed a less dense microstructure for the optimal formulation F91TK4C5 compared to that of the clay-cement matrix unlike K89TK6C5 where the microstructure remained always dense. X-ray diffraction did not allow to observe mineralogical modifications with the incorporation of shea butter wastes into the clay-cement matrix due to their low quantities in the optimal formulations.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Microstructure and Mineralogy of Compressed Earth Bricks Incorporating Shea Butter Wastes Stabilized with Cement
AU  - Alfred Niamien Kouamé
AU  - Léon Koffi Konan
AU  - Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi
Y1  - 2021/12/09
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.am.20211004.13
T2  - Advances in Materials
JF  - Advances in Materials
JO  - Advances in Materials
SP  - 67
EP  - 74
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-252X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.13
AB  - The current context of sustainable development encourages the development of materials with low environmental impact, which explains the renewed interest in earthen constructions. This study is therefore a contribution to the valorization of clay raw materials from Côte d'Ivoire and agro-industrial waste in eco-construction. The aims of this study was studied the effect of shea butter wastes on the mineralogy and microstructure of Compressed Earth Bricks (CEB) stabilized with cement. To do this, two clay raw materials denoted F (Fronan) and K (Katiola) were sampled and then characterized. Various geotechnical and physicochemical tests have shown that these soils are loamy sand of class A2 and essentially contain quartz, kaolinite, mica and ferric compounds. As for shea butter wastes, it is mainly rich in lignin (32%); cellulose (28%) and hemicellulose (19%). Several samples of bricks with different percentages by mass of clay and shea butter wastes (0-10%), stabilized with 5% cement were prepared and then characterized. The results of the mechanical tests showed that the clay-cement matrix could contain 4% shea butter wastes for the formulations with clay F against 6% with clay K. The corresponding optimal formulations are F91TK4C5 and K89TK6C5 with clays F and K respectively. The SEM images showed a less dense microstructure for the optimal formulation F91TK4C5 compared to that of the clay-cement matrix unlike K89TK6C5 where the microstructure remained always dense. X-ray diffraction did not allow to observe mineralogical modifications with the incorporation of shea butter wastes into the clay-cement matrix due to their low quantities in the optimal formulations.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Alfred Niamien Kouamé

Laboratory of Constitution and Reaction of Matter, University Félix Houphou?t Boigny, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire
Léon Koffi Konan

Laboratory of Constitution and Reaction of Matter, University Félix Houphou?t Boigny, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire
Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi

Unit for Training and Research of Biological Sciences, University Péléforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, C?te d’Ivoire

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Alfred Niamien Kouamé, Léon Koffi Konan, Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi. (2021). Microstructure and Mineralogy of Compressed Earth Bricks Incorporating Shea Butter Wastes Stabilized with Cement. Advances in Materials, 10(4), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.13

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ACS Style

Alfred Niamien Kouamé; Léon Koffi Konan; Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi. Microstructure and Mineralogy of Compressed Earth Bricks Incorporating Shea Butter Wastes Stabilized with Cement. Adv. Mater. 2021, 10(4), 67-74. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20211004.13

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AMA Style

Alfred Niamien Kouamé, Léon Koffi Konan, Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi. Microstructure and Mineralogy of Compressed Earth Bricks Incorporating Shea Butter Wastes Stabilized with Cement. Adv Mater. 2021;10(4):67-74. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20211004.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.am.20211004.13,
  author = {Alfred Niamien Kouamé and Léon Koffi Konan and Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi},
  title = {Microstructure and Mineralogy of Compressed Earth Bricks Incorporating Shea Butter Wastes Stabilized with Cement},
  journal = {Advances in Materials},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {67-74},
  doi = {10.11648/j.am.20211004.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.am.20211004.13},
  abstract = {The current context of sustainable development encourages the development of materials with low environmental impact, which explains the renewed interest in earthen constructions. This study is therefore a contribution to the valorization of clay raw materials from Côte d'Ivoire and agro-industrial waste in eco-construction. The aims of this study was studied the effect of shea butter wastes on the mineralogy and microstructure of Compressed Earth Bricks (CEB) stabilized with cement. To do this, two clay raw materials denoted F (Fronan) and K (Katiola) were sampled and then characterized. Various geotechnical and physicochemical tests have shown that these soils are loamy sand of class A2 and essentially contain quartz, kaolinite, mica and ferric compounds. As for shea butter wastes, it is mainly rich in lignin (32%); cellulose (28%) and hemicellulose (19%). Several samples of bricks with different percentages by mass of clay and shea butter wastes (0-10%), stabilized with 5% cement were prepared and then characterized. The results of the mechanical tests showed that the clay-cement matrix could contain 4% shea butter wastes for the formulations with clay F against 6% with clay K. The corresponding optimal formulations are F91TK4C5 and K89TK6C5 with clays F and K respectively. The SEM images showed a less dense microstructure for the optimal formulation F91TK4C5 compared to that of the clay-cement matrix unlike K89TK6C5 where the microstructure remained always dense. X-ray diffraction did not allow to observe mineralogical modifications with the incorporation of shea butter wastes into the clay-cement matrix due to their low quantities in the optimal formulations.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Microstructure and Mineralogy of Compressed Earth Bricks Incorporating Shea Butter Wastes Stabilized with Cement
AU  - Alfred Niamien Kouamé
AU  - Léon Koffi Konan
AU  - Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi
Y1  - 2021/12/09
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.am.20211004.13
T2  - Advances in Materials
JF  - Advances in Materials
JO  - Advances in Materials
SP  - 67
EP  - 74
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-252X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20211004.13
AB  - The current context of sustainable development encourages the development of materials with low environmental impact, which explains the renewed interest in earthen constructions. This study is therefore a contribution to the valorization of clay raw materials from Côte d'Ivoire and agro-industrial waste in eco-construction. The aims of this study was studied the effect of shea butter wastes on the mineralogy and microstructure of Compressed Earth Bricks (CEB) stabilized with cement. To do this, two clay raw materials denoted F (Fronan) and K (Katiola) were sampled and then characterized. Various geotechnical and physicochemical tests have shown that these soils are loamy sand of class A2 and essentially contain quartz, kaolinite, mica and ferric compounds. As for shea butter wastes, it is mainly rich in lignin (32%); cellulose (28%) and hemicellulose (19%). Several samples of bricks with different percentages by mass of clay and shea butter wastes (0-10%), stabilized with 5% cement were prepared and then characterized. The results of the mechanical tests showed that the clay-cement matrix could contain 4% shea butter wastes for the formulations with clay F against 6% with clay K. The corresponding optimal formulations are F91TK4C5 and K89TK6C5 with clays F and K respectively. The SEM images showed a less dense microstructure for the optimal formulation F91TK4C5 compared to that of the clay-cement matrix unlike K89TK6C5 where the microstructure remained always dense. X-ray diffraction did not allow to observe mineralogical modifications with the incorporation of shea butter wastes into the clay-cement matrix due to their low quantities in the optimal formulations.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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