Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV 2 Infection

Cabello-Modesto Daniel; Garcia-Briones Alondra; Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar; Aguilar-Zapata Daniel; Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo; Gonzalez-Chon Octavio; Juárez-Hernández Eva; Santillan-López Gloria; Sosa-Garcia Jesus Ojino

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12

Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV 2 Infection

Cabello-Modesto Daniel, Garcia-Briones Alondra, Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar, Aguilar-Zapata Daniel, Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo, Gonzalez-Chon Octavio, Juárez-Hernández Eva, Santillan-López Gloria, Sosa-Garcia Jesus Ojino

Published in Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 19 June 2021 Accepted: 1 July 2021 Published: 6 July 2021

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Abstract

Background: Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the dead of 1 million people, from these critically ill patients have an increased risk of bacteremia. Material and Methods: This observational, retrospective, single-center study included 129 critically ill COVID-19 patients with a bacteremia. We studied the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, days on invasive mechanical ventilation, maximum dose of norepinephrine and mortality. Results: From 129 patients were reported 17 patients (13.2%) with bacteremia. 35.3% were cataloged as a primary bacteremia. The source of secondary bacteremia was a ventilator associated pneumonia in 81.8%, central line-associated blood stream infection in 18.1% and urinary catheter infection in 9%. The patients with bacteremia, had a hospitalization stay of 23 days Vs. 20.5 days in the patients without bacteremia (p=0.19); 18 Vs. 13.5 days in the ICU (p=0.061); 15 Vs 11 days on IMV (p=0.053) and a maximum dose of norepinephrine of 0.28 Vs. 0.11 mcg/kg/min (p=0.02). We reported a 14.8% of mortality in patients with bacteremia vs. 12.7% in patients without bacteremia, odds ratio of 0.87 (p=0.75). Conclusion: Critically ill COVID-19 patients and bacteremia tend to increase the length of stay in the ICU and days on IMV with no change in mortality.

Published in	Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12
Page(s)	116-120
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Bacteremia, Critically III Patients

References

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[2]	Sosa-García JO, Gutiérrez-Villaseñor AO, García-Briones A, Romero-González JP, Juárez-Hernández E, González-Chon O. Experience in the management of severe COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit. Cir y Cir (English Ed. 2020; 88 (5): 569-575. doi: 10.24875/CIRU.20000675.
[3]	Colchero MA, Fuentes ML, Salinas CAA. La Obesidad En México.; 2018.
[4]	Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wu J, et al. Risks and features of secondary infections in severe and critical III COVID-19 patients. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020; 9 (1): 1958-1964. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1812437.
[5]	Hughes S, Troise O, Donaldson H, Mughal N, Moore LSP. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company’ s public news and information. 2020; (January).
[6]	Engsbro AL, Israelsen SB, Pedersen M, et al. Predominance of hospital-acquired bloodstream infection in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Infect Dis (Auckl). 2020; 52 (12): 919-922. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2020.1802062.
[7]	Martinez-guerra BA, Gonzalez-lara MF, Nereyda A, et al. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and antibiotic use during hospital conversion in the COVID-19 pandemic FGL_BMG 30NOV. 2021: 1-9.
[8]	Yu D, Ininbergs K, Hedman K, Giske CG, Strålin K, Özenci V. Low prevalence of bloodstream infection and high blood culture contamination rates in patients with COVID-19. PLoS One. 2020; 15 (11): e0242533. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242533.
[9]	Sligl WI, Dragan T, Smith SW. Nosocomial Gram-Negative Bacteremia in Intensive Care: Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Susceptibilities, and Outcomes. Vol 37. International Society for Infectious Diseases; 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.06.024.
[10]	Giacobbe DR, Battaglini D, Ball L, et al. Bloodstream infections in critically III patients with COVID-19. Eur J Clin Invest. 2020; 50 (10): 1-8. doi: 10.1111/eci.13319.
[11]	Cataldo MA, Tetaj N, Selleri M, et al. Incidence of bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in COVID-19 patients in intensive care: An alarming “collateral effect.” J Glob Antimicrob Resist 23. 2020; 23: 290-291.
[12]	Nori P, Cowman K, Chen V, et al. Bacterial and fungal co-infections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the New York city pandemic surge. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020; 2020: 1-5. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.368.
[13]	Sepulveda J, Westblade LF, Whittier S, et al. Bacteremia and blood culture utilization during COVID-19 surge in New York City. J Clin Microbiol. 2020; 58 (8): 1-7. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00875-20.

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APA Style

Cabello-Modesto Daniel, Garcia-Briones Alondra, Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar, Aguilar-Zapata Daniel, Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo, et al. (2021). Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV 2 Infection. Clinical Medicine Research, 10(4), 116-120. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12

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ACS Style

Cabello-Modesto Daniel; Garcia-Briones Alondra; Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar; Aguilar-Zapata Daniel; Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo, et al. Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV 2 Infection. Clin. Med. Res. 2021, 10(4), 116-120. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12

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AMA Style

Cabello-Modesto Daniel, Garcia-Briones Alondra, Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar, Aguilar-Zapata Daniel, Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo, et al. Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV 2 Infection. Clin Med Res. 2021;10(4):116-120. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12

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@article{10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12,
  author = {Cabello-Modesto Daniel and Garcia-Briones Alondra and Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar and Aguilar-Zapata Daniel and Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo and Gonzalez-Chon Octavio and Juárez-Hernández Eva and Santillan-López Gloria and Sosa-Garcia Jesus Ojino},
  title = {Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV 2 Infection},
  journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {116-120},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20211004.12},
  abstract = {Background: Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the dead of 1 million people, from these critically ill patients have an increased risk of bacteremia. Material and Methods: This observational, retrospective, single-center study included 129 critically ill COVID-19 patients with a bacteremia. We studied the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, days on invasive mechanical ventilation, maximum dose of norepinephrine and mortality. Results: From 129 patients were reported 17 patients (13.2%) with bacteremia. 35.3% were cataloged as a primary bacteremia. The source of secondary bacteremia was a ventilator associated pneumonia in 81.8%, central line-associated blood stream infection in 18.1% and urinary catheter infection in 9%. The patients with bacteremia, had a hospitalization stay of 23 days Vs. 20.5 days in the patients without bacteremia (p=0.19); 18 Vs. 13.5 days in the ICU (p=0.061); 15 Vs 11 days on IMV (p=0.053) and a maximum dose of norepinephrine of 0.28 Vs. 0.11 mcg/kg/min (p=0.02). We reported a 14.8% of mortality in patients with bacteremia vs. 12.7% in patients without bacteremia, odds ratio of 0.87 (p=0.75). Conclusion: Critically ill COVID-19 patients and bacteremia tend to increase the length of stay in the ICU and days on IMV with no change in mortality.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV 2 Infection
AU  - Cabello-Modesto Daniel
AU  - Garcia-Briones Alondra
AU  - Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar
AU  - Aguilar-Zapata Daniel
AU  - Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo
AU  - Gonzalez-Chon Octavio
AU  - Juárez-Hernández Eva
AU  - Santillan-López Gloria
AU  - Sosa-Garcia Jesus Ojino
Y1  - 2021/07/06
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12
T2  - Clinical Medicine Research
JF  - Clinical Medicine Research
JO  - Clinical Medicine Research
SP  - 116
EP  - 120
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9057
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12
AB  - Background: Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the dead of 1 million people, from these critically ill patients have an increased risk of bacteremia. Material and Methods: This observational, retrospective, single-center study included 129 critically ill COVID-19 patients with a bacteremia. We studied the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, days on invasive mechanical ventilation, maximum dose of norepinephrine and mortality. Results: From 129 patients were reported 17 patients (13.2%) with bacteremia. 35.3% were cataloged as a primary bacteremia. The source of secondary bacteremia was a ventilator associated pneumonia in 81.8%, central line-associated blood stream infection in 18.1% and urinary catheter infection in 9%. The patients with bacteremia, had a hospitalization stay of 23 days Vs. 20.5 days in the patients without bacteremia (p=0.19); 18 Vs. 13.5 days in the ICU (p=0.061); 15 Vs 11 days on IMV (p=0.053) and a maximum dose of norepinephrine of 0.28 Vs. 0.11 mcg/kg/min (p=0.02). We reported a 14.8% of mortality in patients with bacteremia vs. 12.7% in patients without bacteremia, odds ratio of 0.87 (p=0.75). Conclusion: Critically ill COVID-19 patients and bacteremia tend to increase the length of stay in the ICU and days on IMV with no change in mortality.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Cabello-Modesto Daniel

Internal Medicine Department, Medica Sur Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
Garcia-Briones Alondra

Intensive Care Unit, Medica Sur Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar
Aguilar-Zapata Daniel

Hospital Epidemiological Surveillance Unit, Medica Sur Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo

Intensive Care Unit, Medica Sur Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
Gonzalez-Chon Octavio

Intensive Care Unit, Medica Sur Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
Juárez-Hernández Eva

Translational Research Unit, Medica Sur Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
Santillan-López Gloria

Hospital Epidemiological Surveillance Unit, Medica Sur Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
Sosa-Garcia Jesus Ojino

Intensive Care Unit, Medica Sur Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico

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APA Style

Cabello-Modesto Daniel, Garcia-Briones Alondra, Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar, Aguilar-Zapata Daniel, Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo, et al. (2021). Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV 2 Infection. Clinical Medicine Research, 10(4), 116-120. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12

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ACS Style

Cabello-Modesto Daniel; Garcia-Briones Alondra; Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar; Aguilar-Zapata Daniel; Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo, et al. Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV 2 Infection. Clin. Med. Res. 2021, 10(4), 116-120. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12

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AMA Style

Cabello-Modesto Daniel, Garcia-Briones Alondra, Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar, Aguilar-Zapata Daniel, Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo, et al. Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV 2 Infection. Clin Med Res. 2021;10(4):116-120. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12,
  author = {Cabello-Modesto Daniel and Garcia-Briones Alondra and Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar and Aguilar-Zapata Daniel and Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo and Gonzalez-Chon Octavio and Juárez-Hernández Eva and Santillan-López Gloria and Sosa-Garcia Jesus Ojino},
  title = {Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV 2 Infection},
  journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {116-120},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20211004.12},
  abstract = {Background: Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the dead of 1 million people, from these critically ill patients have an increased risk of bacteremia. Material and Methods: This observational, retrospective, single-center study included 129 critically ill COVID-19 patients with a bacteremia. We studied the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, days on invasive mechanical ventilation, maximum dose of norepinephrine and mortality. Results: From 129 patients were reported 17 patients (13.2%) with bacteremia. 35.3% were cataloged as a primary bacteremia. The source of secondary bacteremia was a ventilator associated pneumonia in 81.8%, central line-associated blood stream infection in 18.1% and urinary catheter infection in 9%. The patients with bacteremia, had a hospitalization stay of 23 days Vs. 20.5 days in the patients without bacteremia (p=0.19); 18 Vs. 13.5 days in the ICU (p=0.061); 15 Vs 11 days on IMV (p=0.053) and a maximum dose of norepinephrine of 0.28 Vs. 0.11 mcg/kg/min (p=0.02). We reported a 14.8% of mortality in patients with bacteremia vs. 12.7% in patients without bacteremia, odds ratio of 0.87 (p=0.75). Conclusion: Critically ill COVID-19 patients and bacteremia tend to increase the length of stay in the ICU and days on IMV with no change in mortality.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Bacteremia in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV 2 Infection
AU  - Cabello-Modesto Daniel
AU  - Garcia-Briones Alondra
AU  - Gutierrez-Villaseñor Alan Omar
AU  - Aguilar-Zapata Daniel
AU  - Romero-Gonzalez Juan Pablo
AU  - Gonzalez-Chon Octavio
AU  - Juárez-Hernández Eva
AU  - Santillan-López Gloria
AU  - Sosa-Garcia Jesus Ojino
Y1  - 2021/07/06
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12
T2  - Clinical Medicine Research
JF  - Clinical Medicine Research
JO  - Clinical Medicine Research
SP  - 116
EP  - 120
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9057
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.12
AB  - Background: Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the dead of 1 million people, from these critically ill patients have an increased risk of bacteremia. Material and Methods: This observational, retrospective, single-center study included 129 critically ill COVID-19 patients with a bacteremia. We studied the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, days on invasive mechanical ventilation, maximum dose of norepinephrine and mortality. Results: From 129 patients were reported 17 patients (13.2%) with bacteremia. 35.3% were cataloged as a primary bacteremia. The source of secondary bacteremia was a ventilator associated pneumonia in 81.8%, central line-associated blood stream infection in 18.1% and urinary catheter infection in 9%. The patients with bacteremia, had a hospitalization stay of 23 days Vs. 20.5 days in the patients without bacteremia (p=0.19); 18 Vs. 13.5 days in the ICU (p=0.061); 15 Vs 11 days on IMV (p=0.053) and a maximum dose of norepinephrine of 0.28 Vs. 0.11 mcg/kg/min (p=0.02). We reported a 14.8% of mortality in patients with bacteremia vs. 12.7% in patients without bacteremia, odds ratio of 0.87 (p=0.75). Conclusion: Critically ill COVID-19 patients and bacteremia tend to increase the length of stay in the ICU and days on IMV with no change in mortality.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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