In Ethiopia stunting and wasting is long term year round health problem, which makes difficult to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. But, there were progresses in the reduction of under nutrition level among under five children. The aim of this study therefore is, to identify determinants of stunting and wasting among under-five children in Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data from the 2019 mini demographic and health survey was used. A total of 5279 and 5408 under-five children were involved for the analysis of stunting and wasting respectively. According to a multivariate logistic regression, the odds of being stunted for a child 36-47 months was three times higher (aOR=3.47; 95% CI: 2.15, 5.59) compared to less-than six months child. The odd of stunting (aOR =0.72; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.89) and wasting (aOR =0.59; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.81) was lower for female sex children. Children born richest family had lower risk of being stunted (aOR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.79). In conclusion there were higher prevalence of stunting and wasting among under- five children in Ethiopia when referencing the global and national target of nutrition. Male sex was the associated factors for both stunting and wasting. Creating awareness for the proper and optimal feeding of male sex and older age children are recommended.
| Published in | European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 10, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ejpm.20221003.12 |
| Page(s) | 76-83 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Stunting, Wasting, Under-Five Children, Ethiopia
| [1] | Mulat Mossie Menalu, Alebachew Demelash, Bayleyegn, Michael Amera Tizazuand Nakachew Sewnet Amare. Assessment of Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malnutrition Among Under-Five Children in DebreBerhan Town, Ethiopia. International Journal of General Medicine. 2021; 14: 1683–1697. |
| [2] | Quraish Sserwanja, Kassim Kamara, Linet M Mutisya, Milton W Musabaand Shirin Ziaei. Rural and Urban Correlates of Stunting Among Under Five Children in Sierra Leone: A 2019 Nationwide Cross Sectional Survey. Nutrition and Metabolic Insights. 2021; 14: 1–10. |
| [3] | Kingsley E. Agho, Blessing J. Akombi, Akhi J. Ferdous, Irene Mbugua and Joseph K. Kamara. Childhood undernutrition in three disadvantaged East African Districts: a multinomial analysis. BMC Pediatrics. 2019; 19: 118. |
| [4] | Abel Gebre, P. Surender Reddy, Afework Mulugeta, Yayo Sedik, and Molla Kahssay. Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children in Pastoral Communities of Afar Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2019; Article ID 9187609; 13 pages. |
| [5] | Sadaf Khan, Sidra Zaheer and Nilofer Fatimi Safdar. Determinants of stunting, underweight and wasting among children < 5 years of age: evidence from 2012-2013 Pakistan demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19: 358. |
| [6] | Paddy Ssentongo, Anna E. Ssentongo, Djibril M. Ba, et al. Global, regional and nationalepidemiology and prevalence of child stunting, wasting and underweight in low‑ and middle‑income countries, 2006–2018. Scientific reports. 2021; 11: 5204. |
| [7] | R F Afolabi and M E Palamuleni. Exploring determinants of under-5 stunting inMalawi using a generalised linear mixed model. S Afr J Child Health. 2021; 15 (1): 18-24. |
| [8] | Michael Ekholuenetale, Godson Tudeme, Adeyinka Onikan and Charity E. Ekholuenetale. Socioeconomic inequalities in hidden hunger, undernutrition, and overweight among under-five children in 35 subSaharan Africa countries. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association. 2020; 95: 9. |
| [9] | Amare Muche, Lemma Derseh Gezie, Adhanom Gebre‑egzabher Baraki & Erkihun Tadesse Amsalu. Predictors of stunting among children age 6–59 months in Ethiopia using Bayesianmulti‑level analysis. Scientific reports. 2021; 11: 3759. |
| [10] | Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye ID, Firew Tekle Bobo, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Mirkuzie Woldie. Poor nutrition for under-five children frompoor households in Ethiopia: Evidence from 2016 Demographic and Health Survey. PLoS ONE. 2019; 14 (12): e0225996. |
| [11] | Gutu Adugna Dabale and M. K Sharma. Determinants of Wasting Among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Model Approach. International Journal of Statistics in Medical Researc. 2014, 3: 4. |
| [12] | Sisay Eshete Tadesse, Tefera Chane Mekonnen and Metadel Adane. Priorities for intervention of childhood stunting in northeastern Ethiopia: A matched case-control study. PLoS ONE. 20202; 15 (9): e0239255. |
| [13] | K. Fantay Gebru, W. Mekonnen Haileselassie, A. Haftom Temesgen, A. Oumer Seid and B. Afework Mulugeta. Determinants of stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: a multilevel mixedeffects analysis of 2016 Ethiopiandemographic and health survey data. BMC Pediatrics. 2019; 19: 176. |
| [14] | Ahmed Abdulahi, Sakineh Shab-Bidar, Shahabeddin Rezaei and Kurosh Djafarian. Nutritional Status of Under Five Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ethiop JHealth Sci. 2017; 27 (1): 175. |
| [15] | Mandefro Asfaw, Mekitie Wondaferash, Mohammed Taha and Lamessa Dube. Prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among children aged between six to fifty nine months in BuleHora district, South Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15: 41. |
| [16] | Huynh Giao, Pham Le An, Nguyen Truong Vien, Tran Van Khanh, and Bui QuangVinh. tunting and Overweight among 12-24-Month-Old Children Receiving Vaccination in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. BioMed Research International. 2019; Article ID 1547626: 7. |
| [17] | Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema ID, Yigizie Yeshaw, Misganaw Gebrie Worku, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema ID, Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale. Pooled prevalence and associated factors ofchronicundernutrition among under-five children in East Africa: A multilevel analysis. PLoS ONE. 2021; 16 (3): e0248637. |
| [18] | Terefe Derso, Amare Tariku, Gashaw Andargie Biks and Molla Mesele Wassie. Stunting, wasting and associated factors among children aged 6–24 months in Dabat health and demographic surveillance system site: A community based crosssectional study in Ethiopia. BMC Pediatrics. 2017; 17: 96. |
| [19] | Maternal and Child Health Directorate Federal Ministry of Health. National Strategy for Newborn and Child Survival in Ethiopia, 2015/16 – 2029/20. |
| [20] | Berihun Megabiaw and Azizur Rahman. Prevalence and Determinants of Chronic Malnutrition Among Under-5 Children in Ethiopia. International Journal of Child Health and Nutriti., 2013; 2: 230-236. |
| [21] | Bang Nguyen Pham, Vinson D. Silas, Anthony D. Okelyand William Pomat. Measuring wasting and stunting prevalenceamong children under five years of age and associated risk factors Papua New Guinea: New evidence from comprehensive health and epidemiologicalsurveillance system. Front. Nutr. 2021; 8: 622660. |
| [22] | Nidhi Wali, Kingsley E. Agho and Andre M. N. Renzaho. Wasting and Associated Factors among Children under 5 Years in Five South Asian Countries (2014–2018): Analysis of Demographic Health Surveys. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021; 18: 4578. |
| [23] | Davod Ahmadi, Ekta Amarnani, Akankasha Sen, Narges Ebadi, Patrick Cortbaoui and Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez. Determinants of child anthropometric indicators in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18: 626. |
| [24] | Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) [Ethiopia] and ICF. Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019: Final Report. Rockville, Maryland, USA: EPHI and ICF. 2021. |
| [25] | The Demographic and Health Survey Program. Guide to DHS stastics. DHS-7 (version 2). |
| [26] | Zerihun Yohannes Amare, Mossa Endris Ahmed and Adey Belete Mehari. Determinants of nutritional status amongchildren under age 5 in Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia demographicand health survey. Globalization and Health. 2019; 15: 62. |
| [27] | Nidhi Wali, Kingsley E. Aghoand Andre M. N. Renzaho. Factors Associated with Stunting among Children under 5 Years in Five South Asian Countries (2014–2018): Analysis of Demographic Health Surveys. Nutrients. 2020; 12: 3875. |
| [28] | Hallgeir Kismul, Pawan Acharya, Mala Ali Mapatano and Anne Hatløy. Determinants of childhood stunting in the Democratic Republic of Congo: further analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2013–14. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18: 74. |
| [29] | The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health. Health Sector Transformation Plan (HSTP) 2015/16 - 2019/20 (2008-2012 EFY). 2105. |
| [30] | Lijalem Melie Tesfaw and Haile Mekonnen Fenta. Multivariate logistic regression analysis on the association between anthropometric indicators of under-five children in Nigeria: NDHS 2018. BMC Pediatrics. 2021; 21: 193. |
| [31] | OCHA services. Putting the Seqota Declaration into action: Fostering gender equality in nutrition at the district level in Ethiopia. releifweb. 2021. |
| [32] | Hiwot Darsene, Ayele Geleto, Abebaw Gebeyehu and Solomon Meseret. Magnitude and predictors of undernutrition among children aged six to fifty nine months in Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. Archives of Public Health. 2017; 75: 29. |
| [33] | S. M. Jubaidur Rahman, N. A. M. Faisal Ahmed, Md. Menhazul Abedin, et al. Investigate the risk factors of stunting, wasting, and underweight among under-five Bangladeshi children and its prediction based on machine learning approach. PLoS ONE. 2021; 16 (6): e0253172. |
| [34] | Selamawit Dires and Moges Mareg. The Magnitude of Wasting and Associated Factors among Children Aged 2-5 Years in Southern Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study. BioMed Research International. 2021; 11. |
| [35] | Daudi Ong’ang’a Meah, Peter Odira Majoge and Victor Masese Luta. PREVALENCE AND DRIVERS OF INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL DOUBLE BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION AMONG UNDER-5 CHILDREN IN KENYA. International Journal of Social Sciences and Information Technology. 2021. |
| [36] | Binyam Tariku Seboka, Samuel Hailegebreal, Delelegn Emwodew Yehualashet and Abel Desalegn Demeke. Tracking progress in anthropometric failure among under-five children in Ethiopia: ageospatial and multilevel analysis. Archives of Public Health. 2021; 79: 103. |
| [37] | Neima Endris, Henok Asefa, and Lamessa Dube. Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Children in Rural Ethiopia. BioMed Research International. 2017; 6. |
| [38] | Haroldo da Silva Ferreira, Gabriela Tenório Albuquerque, Tamara Rodrigues dos Santos. et al. Stunting and overweight among children in Northeast Brazil: prevalence, trends (1992-2005-2015) and associated risk factors from repeated cross-sectional surveys. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20: 736. |
| [39] | Perpetua Modjadji and Josephine Mashishi. Persistent Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Children under Five Years Attending Primary Health Care Facilities in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020; 17: 7580. |
| [40] | Md. Israt Rayhan and M. Sekander Hayat Khan. Factors causing malnutrion among under five children in Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2006; 558-562. |
| [41] | Mosfequr Rahman and M. Rahman. Association between order of birth and chronicmalnutrition of children: a study of nationally representative Bangladeshi sample. Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro. 2016; 32 (2): e00011215. |
| [42] | Haile Mekonnen Fenta, Lijalem Melie Tesfaw, and Muluwerk Ayele Derebe. Trends and Determinants of Underweight among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: Data from EDHS. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2020; 6. |
| [43] | Lulu Chirande, Deborah Charwe, Hadijah Mbwana, et al. Determinants of stunting and severe stunting among under-fives in Tanzania: evidence from the 2010 cross-sectional household survey. BMC Pediatrics. 2015; 15: 165. |
| [44] | Amare Tariku, Gashaw Andargie Biks, Terefe Derso, et al. Stunting and its determinant factors among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2017; 43: 11. |
| [45] | Omid Dadras and Robert S. Chapman. BIOMASS FUEL SMOKE AND STUNTING IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: FINDING FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY NEPAL. J Health Res. 2017; 31: 1. |
| [46] | Iddrisu Amadu, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Eric Duku, et al. The Joint Effect of Maternal Marital Status and Type of Household Cooking Fuel on Child Nutritional Status in Sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of Cross-Sectional Surveys onChildren from 31 Countries. Nutrients. 2021; 13: 1541. |
| [47] | Madhu Koirala, Shalik R Dhital, Nabin Regmi, Sirjana Gyawali, Swikriti Acharya and Prajwal Gyawali. Effects of Indoor Air Pollution on Stunting Among Children Aged 1-5 Years in Salyan District of Nepal. Acta Scientific Paediatrics. 2021; 10; 16. |
APA Style
Bashaw Wogderes Begashaw. (2022). Determinants of Stunting and Wasting Among Under-Five Children of Ethiopia: Analysis of Mini-demographic and Health Survey 2019 of Ethiopia. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10(3), 76-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20221003.12
ACS Style
Bashaw Wogderes Begashaw. Determinants of Stunting and Wasting Among Under-Five Children of Ethiopia: Analysis of Mini-demographic and Health Survey 2019 of Ethiopia. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2022, 10(3), 76-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20221003.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20221003.12,
author = {Bashaw Wogderes Begashaw},
title = {Determinants of Stunting and Wasting Among Under-Five Children of Ethiopia: Analysis of Mini-demographic and Health Survey 2019 of Ethiopia},
journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {76-83},
doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20221003.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20221003.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20221003.12},
abstract = {In Ethiopia stunting and wasting is long term year round health problem, which makes difficult to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. But, there were progresses in the reduction of under nutrition level among under five children. The aim of this study therefore is, to identify determinants of stunting and wasting among under-five children in Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data from the 2019 mini demographic and health survey was used. A total of 5279 and 5408 under-five children were involved for the analysis of stunting and wasting respectively. According to a multivariate logistic regression, the odds of being stunted for a child 36-47 months was three times higher (aOR=3.47; 95% CI: 2.15, 5.59) compared to less-than six months child. The odd of stunting (aOR =0.72; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.89) and wasting (aOR =0.59; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.81) was lower for female sex children. Children born richest family had lower risk of being stunted (aOR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.79). In conclusion there were higher prevalence of stunting and wasting among under- five children in Ethiopia when referencing the global and national target of nutrition. Male sex was the associated factors for both stunting and wasting. Creating awareness for the proper and optimal feeding of male sex and older age children are recommended.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Determinants of Stunting and Wasting Among Under-Five Children of Ethiopia: Analysis of Mini-demographic and Health Survey 2019 of Ethiopia AU - Bashaw Wogderes Begashaw Y1 - 2022/07/13 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20221003.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20221003.12 T2 - European Journal of Preventive Medicine JF - European Journal of Preventive Medicine JO - European Journal of Preventive Medicine SP - 76 EP - 83 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8230 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20221003.12 AB - In Ethiopia stunting and wasting is long term year round health problem, which makes difficult to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. But, there were progresses in the reduction of under nutrition level among under five children. The aim of this study therefore is, to identify determinants of stunting and wasting among under-five children in Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data from the 2019 mini demographic and health survey was used. A total of 5279 and 5408 under-five children were involved for the analysis of stunting and wasting respectively. According to a multivariate logistic regression, the odds of being stunted for a child 36-47 months was three times higher (aOR=3.47; 95% CI: 2.15, 5.59) compared to less-than six months child. The odd of stunting (aOR =0.72; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.89) and wasting (aOR =0.59; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.81) was lower for female sex children. Children born richest family had lower risk of being stunted (aOR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.79). In conclusion there were higher prevalence of stunting and wasting among under- five children in Ethiopia when referencing the global and national target of nutrition. Male sex was the associated factors for both stunting and wasting. Creating awareness for the proper and optimal feeding of male sex and older age children are recommended. VL - 10 IS - 3 ER -
Information
Email: