Electric Pulp Testing Evaluation of Dental Anesthesia After 660-nm Laser-Photoiomodulation Therapy: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Arash Ebrahimi; Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi; Mohsen Ramazani

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15

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Electric Pulp Testing Evaluation of Dental Anesthesia After 660-nm Laser-Photoiomodulation Therapy: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Arash Ebrahimi, Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi, Mohsen Ramazani

Published in International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine (Volume 11, Issue 2)

Received: 30 June 2023 Accepted: 24 July 2023 Published: 5 August 2023

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Abstract

Background: For many years, injection of chemical solutions of anesthesia are well-known conventional method in dental practice. To date, various complications have known to be caused by this injection as well as the high extent of anxiety and fear that have shown to be related with this procedure. By the most recently, introduction of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the field of laser dentistry, many efforts have been made to evaluate the state of PBMT- anesthesia on different laser parameters. Objectives: This double blinded randomized clinical trial aims at evaluating the efficacy of PBMT with 660nm diode laser on elevation of post-treatment electric pulp testing (EPT) scores representing as an anesthesia, in contralateral healthy premolars. Methods and Materials: 19 participants have included in this study according to the inclusion criteria. Each participant had two caries-free healthy contralateral maxillary first premolars, of which one was chosen randomly to be treated with sham (placebo) irradiation or laser treatment (Diode laser, 660nm, 200 mW, 12 J/cm², 30s). The EPT scores were evaluated two minutes before the laser/placebo treatment and right after the treatment. Results: 14 out of 19 (73.68%) sites which received laser treatment, showed more than 20% increase in EPT value, while in the placebo group 11 out of 19 (57.89%) sites that were treated with sham irradiation showed less than 20% change in EPT values after treatment. Therefore, there was a significant difference in EPT responses between the laser and placebo treatment groups (fisher’s exact=0.106, p-value=0.047). Besides, the regression coefficients of post and pre-treatment EPT scores of laser and placebo treatment groups were 0.4 (p-value=0.008) and 0.98 (p-value=0.008), respectively. No gender differences were found regarding the EPT responses. Conclusion: The diode laser, 660nm PBMT with the given protocol can effectively induce a pulpal anesthesia, while further studies should elucidate the precise mechanism of its action and the capacity for its clinical applicability in dental practice.

Published in	International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine (Volume 11, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15
Page(s)	76-81
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Photobiomodulation Therapy, Electric Pulp Testing, Anesthesia

References

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Arash Ebrahimi, Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi, Mohsen Ramazani. (2023). Electric Pulp Testing Evaluation of Dental Anesthesia After 660-nm Laser-Photoiomodulation Therapy: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine, 11(2), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15

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Arash Ebrahimi; Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi; Mohsen Ramazani. Electric Pulp Testing Evaluation of Dental Anesthesia After 660-nm Laser-Photoiomodulation Therapy: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Int. J. Anesth. Clin. Med. 2023, 11(2), 76-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15

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AMA Style

Arash Ebrahimi, Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi, Mohsen Ramazani. Electric Pulp Testing Evaluation of Dental Anesthesia After 660-nm Laser-Photoiomodulation Therapy: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Anesth Clin Med. 2023;11(2):76-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15,
  author = {Arash Ebrahimi and Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi and Mohsen Ramazani},
  title = {Electric Pulp Testing Evaluation of Dental Anesthesia After 660-nm Laser-Photoiomodulation Therapy: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial},
  journal = {International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {76-81},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijacm.20231102.15},
  abstract = {Background: For many years, injection of chemical solutions of anesthesia are well-known conventional method in dental practice. To date, various complications have known to be caused by this injection as well as the high extent of anxiety and fear that have shown to be related with this procedure. By the most recently, introduction of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the field of laser dentistry, many efforts have been made to evaluate the state of PBMT- anesthesia on different laser parameters. Objectives: This double blinded randomized clinical trial aims at evaluating the efficacy of PBMT with 660nm diode laser on elevation of post-treatment electric pulp testing (EPT) scores representing as an anesthesia, in contralateral healthy premolars. Methods and Materials: 19 participants have included in this study according to the inclusion criteria. Each participant had two caries-free healthy contralateral maxillary first premolars, of which one was chosen randomly to be treated with sham (placebo) irradiation or laser treatment (Diode laser, 660nm, 200 mW, 12 J/cm2, 30s). The EPT scores were evaluated two minutes before the laser/placebo treatment and right after the treatment. Results: 14 out of 19 (73.68%) sites which received laser treatment, showed more than 20% increase in EPT value, while in the placebo group 11 out of 19 (57.89%) sites that were treated with sham irradiation showed less than 20% change in EPT values after treatment. Therefore, there was a significant difference in EPT responses between the laser and placebo treatment groups (fisher’s exact=0.106, p-value=0.047). Besides, the regression coefficients of post and pre-treatment EPT scores of laser and placebo treatment groups were 0.4 (p-value=0.008) and 0.98 (p-value=0.008), respectively. No gender differences were found regarding the EPT responses. Conclusion: The diode laser, 660nm PBMT with the given protocol can effectively induce a pulpal anesthesia, while further studies should elucidate the precise mechanism of its action and the capacity for its clinical applicability in dental practice.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Electric Pulp Testing Evaluation of Dental Anesthesia After 660-nm Laser-Photoiomodulation Therapy: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
AU  - Arash Ebrahimi
AU  - Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi
AU  - Mohsen Ramazani
Y1  - 2023/08/05
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15
T2  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
JO  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
SP  - 76
EP  - 81
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2997-2698
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15
AB  - Background: For many years, injection of chemical solutions of anesthesia are well-known conventional method in dental practice. To date, various complications have known to be caused by this injection as well as the high extent of anxiety and fear that have shown to be related with this procedure. By the most recently, introduction of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the field of laser dentistry, many efforts have been made to evaluate the state of PBMT- anesthesia on different laser parameters. Objectives: This double blinded randomized clinical trial aims at evaluating the efficacy of PBMT with 660nm diode laser on elevation of post-treatment electric pulp testing (EPT) scores representing as an anesthesia, in contralateral healthy premolars. Methods and Materials: 19 participants have included in this study according to the inclusion criteria. Each participant had two caries-free healthy contralateral maxillary first premolars, of which one was chosen randomly to be treated with sham (placebo) irradiation or laser treatment (Diode laser, 660nm, 200 mW, 12 J/cm2, 30s). The EPT scores were evaluated two minutes before the laser/placebo treatment and right after the treatment. Results: 14 out of 19 (73.68%) sites which received laser treatment, showed more than 20% increase in EPT value, while in the placebo group 11 out of 19 (57.89%) sites that were treated with sham irradiation showed less than 20% change in EPT values after treatment. Therefore, there was a significant difference in EPT responses between the laser and placebo treatment groups (fisher’s exact=0.106, p-value=0.047). Besides, the regression coefficients of post and pre-treatment EPT scores of laser and placebo treatment groups were 0.4 (p-value=0.008) and 0.98 (p-value=0.008), respectively. No gender differences were found regarding the EPT responses. Conclusion: The diode laser, 660nm PBMT with the given protocol can effectively induce a pulpal anesthesia, while further studies should elucidate the precise mechanism of its action and the capacity for its clinical applicability in dental practice.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Arash Ebrahimi

Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi

Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Mohsen Ramazani

Education Development Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

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Arash Ebrahimi, Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi, Mohsen Ramazani. (2023). Electric Pulp Testing Evaluation of Dental Anesthesia After 660-nm Laser-Photoiomodulation Therapy: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine, 11(2), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15

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ACS Style

Arash Ebrahimi; Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi; Mohsen Ramazani. Electric Pulp Testing Evaluation of Dental Anesthesia After 660-nm Laser-Photoiomodulation Therapy: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Int. J. Anesth. Clin. Med. 2023, 11(2), 76-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15

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AMA Style

Arash Ebrahimi, Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi, Mohsen Ramazani. Electric Pulp Testing Evaluation of Dental Anesthesia After 660-nm Laser-Photoiomodulation Therapy: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Anesth Clin Med. 2023;11(2):76-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15,
  author = {Arash Ebrahimi and Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi and Mohsen Ramazani},
  title = {Electric Pulp Testing Evaluation of Dental Anesthesia After 660-nm Laser-Photoiomodulation Therapy: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial},
  journal = {International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {76-81},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijacm.20231102.15},
  abstract = {Background: For many years, injection of chemical solutions of anesthesia are well-known conventional method in dental practice. To date, various complications have known to be caused by this injection as well as the high extent of anxiety and fear that have shown to be related with this procedure. By the most recently, introduction of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the field of laser dentistry, many efforts have been made to evaluate the state of PBMT- anesthesia on different laser parameters. Objectives: This double blinded randomized clinical trial aims at evaluating the efficacy of PBMT with 660nm diode laser on elevation of post-treatment electric pulp testing (EPT) scores representing as an anesthesia, in contralateral healthy premolars. Methods and Materials: 19 participants have included in this study according to the inclusion criteria. Each participant had two caries-free healthy contralateral maxillary first premolars, of which one was chosen randomly to be treated with sham (placebo) irradiation or laser treatment (Diode laser, 660nm, 200 mW, 12 J/cm2, 30s). The EPT scores were evaluated two minutes before the laser/placebo treatment and right after the treatment. Results: 14 out of 19 (73.68%) sites which received laser treatment, showed more than 20% increase in EPT value, while in the placebo group 11 out of 19 (57.89%) sites that were treated with sham irradiation showed less than 20% change in EPT values after treatment. Therefore, there was a significant difference in EPT responses between the laser and placebo treatment groups (fisher’s exact=0.106, p-value=0.047). Besides, the regression coefficients of post and pre-treatment EPT scores of laser and placebo treatment groups were 0.4 (p-value=0.008) and 0.98 (p-value=0.008), respectively. No gender differences were found regarding the EPT responses. Conclusion: The diode laser, 660nm PBMT with the given protocol can effectively induce a pulpal anesthesia, while further studies should elucidate the precise mechanism of its action and the capacity for its clinical applicability in dental practice.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Electric Pulp Testing Evaluation of Dental Anesthesia After 660-nm Laser-Photoiomodulation Therapy: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
AU  - Arash Ebrahimi
AU  - Iman Sokouti Emamzade Hashemi
AU  - Mohsen Ramazani
Y1  - 2023/08/05
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15
T2  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
JO  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
SP  - 76
EP  - 81
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2997-2698
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijacm.20231102.15
AB  - Background: For many years, injection of chemical solutions of anesthesia are well-known conventional method in dental practice. To date, various complications have known to be caused by this injection as well as the high extent of anxiety and fear that have shown to be related with this procedure. By the most recently, introduction of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the field of laser dentistry, many efforts have been made to evaluate the state of PBMT- anesthesia on different laser parameters. Objectives: This double blinded randomized clinical trial aims at evaluating the efficacy of PBMT with 660nm diode laser on elevation of post-treatment electric pulp testing (EPT) scores representing as an anesthesia, in contralateral healthy premolars. Methods and Materials: 19 participants have included in this study according to the inclusion criteria. Each participant had two caries-free healthy contralateral maxillary first premolars, of which one was chosen randomly to be treated with sham (placebo) irradiation or laser treatment (Diode laser, 660nm, 200 mW, 12 J/cm2, 30s). The EPT scores were evaluated two minutes before the laser/placebo treatment and right after the treatment. Results: 14 out of 19 (73.68%) sites which received laser treatment, showed more than 20% increase in EPT value, while in the placebo group 11 out of 19 (57.89%) sites that were treated with sham irradiation showed less than 20% change in EPT values after treatment. Therefore, there was a significant difference in EPT responses between the laser and placebo treatment groups (fisher’s exact=0.106, p-value=0.047). Besides, the regression coefficients of post and pre-treatment EPT scores of laser and placebo treatment groups were 0.4 (p-value=0.008) and 0.98 (p-value=0.008), respectively. No gender differences were found regarding the EPT responses. Conclusion: The diode laser, 660nm PBMT with the given protocol can effectively induce a pulpal anesthesia, while further studies should elucidate the precise mechanism of its action and the capacity for its clinical applicability in dental practice.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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