Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review

Markus Greven

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12

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Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review

Markus Greven

Published in International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 4 May 2021 Accepted: 4 August 2021 Published: 11 August 2021

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Abstract

The prevalence of malocclusion in mouth breathing children compared to nasal breathing children is unclear, therefore the aim of this study is to identify this prevalence in a systematic review. Seven studies were included. Six studies investigated the prevalence of malocclusion in mouth breathers and compared them with the prevalence data in nose breathers. One study evaluated the prevalence of mouth- and nose breathing in children with malocclusion. The prevalence rates for class I to class III malocclusions vary significantly between studies. For class I malocclusions, a prevalence between 9% and 74% was identified in the included studies. For class II malocclusions a prevalence between 21% and 73% was shown, which equalled roughly the prevalence of class I malocclusions. Class III malocclusions were the least prevalent, between 5% and 24%. There is insufficient evidence for a difference in prevalence patterns of class I – III malocclusions between mouth and nasal breathers in order to draw a definite conclusion. The quality of the included studies was rated moderate to poor. Research on the prevalence of malocclusions in mouth breathing compared to nasal breathing children is scarce. Identified prevalence rates differ significantly, which is likely due to different assessment and reporting methods used in the included studies. The evidence of a difference in prevalence patterns for class I – III malocclusions and other occlusion traits between mouth and nasal breathers is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion.

Published in	International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12
Page(s)	17-27
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Occlusion, Mouthbreathing, Nosebreathing, Prevalence, Malocclusion

References

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APA Style

Markus Greven. (2021). Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review. International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 7(2), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12

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ACS Style

Markus Greven. Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review. Int. J. Clin. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2021, 7(2), 17-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12

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AMA Style

Markus Greven. Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;7(2):17-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12,
  author = {Markus Greven},
  title = {Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {17-27},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcoms.20210702.12},
  abstract = {The prevalence of malocclusion in mouth breathing children compared to nasal breathing children is unclear, therefore the aim of this study is to identify this prevalence in a systematic review. Seven studies were included. Six studies investigated the prevalence of malocclusion in mouth breathers and compared them with the prevalence data in nose breathers. One study evaluated the prevalence of mouth- and nose breathing in children with malocclusion. The prevalence rates for class I to class III malocclusions vary significantly between studies. For class I malocclusions, a prevalence between 9% and 74% was identified in the included studies. For class II malocclusions a prevalence between 21% and 73% was shown, which equalled roughly the prevalence of class I malocclusions. Class III malocclusions were the least prevalent, between 5% and 24%. There is insufficient evidence for a difference in prevalence patterns of class I – III malocclusions between mouth and nasal breathers in order to draw a definite conclusion. The quality of the included studies was rated moderate to poor. Research on the prevalence of malocclusions in mouth breathing compared to nasal breathing children is scarce. Identified prevalence rates differ significantly, which is likely due to different assessment and reporting methods used in the included studies. The evidence of a difference in prevalence patterns for class I – III malocclusions and other occlusion traits between mouth and nasal breathers is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review
AU  - Markus Greven
Y1  - 2021/08/11
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12
T2  - International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
JF  - International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
JO  - International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
SP  - 17
EP  - 27
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-1344
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12
AB  - The prevalence of malocclusion in mouth breathing children compared to nasal breathing children is unclear, therefore the aim of this study is to identify this prevalence in a systematic review. Seven studies were included. Six studies investigated the prevalence of malocclusion in mouth breathers and compared them with the prevalence data in nose breathers. One study evaluated the prevalence of mouth- and nose breathing in children with malocclusion. The prevalence rates for class I to class III malocclusions vary significantly between studies. For class I malocclusions, a prevalence between 9% and 74% was identified in the included studies. For class II malocclusions a prevalence between 21% and 73% was shown, which equalled roughly the prevalence of class I malocclusions. Class III malocclusions were the least prevalent, between 5% and 24%. There is insufficient evidence for a difference in prevalence patterns of class I – III malocclusions between mouth and nasal breathers in order to draw a definite conclusion. The quality of the included studies was rated moderate to poor. Research on the prevalence of malocclusions in mouth breathing compared to nasal breathing children is scarce. Identified prevalence rates differ significantly, which is likely due to different assessment and reporting methods used in the included studies. The evidence of a difference in prevalence patterns for class I – III malocclusions and other occlusion traits between mouth and nasal breathers is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Markus Greven

Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental School MedUni Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Markus Greven. (2021). Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review. International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 7(2), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12

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ACS Style

Markus Greven. Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review. Int. J. Clin. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2021, 7(2), 17-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12

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AMA Style

Markus Greven. Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;7(2):17-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12,
  author = {Markus Greven},
  title = {Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {17-27},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcoms.20210702.12},
  abstract = {The prevalence of malocclusion in mouth breathing children compared to nasal breathing children is unclear, therefore the aim of this study is to identify this prevalence in a systematic review. Seven studies were included. Six studies investigated the prevalence of malocclusion in mouth breathers and compared them with the prevalence data in nose breathers. One study evaluated the prevalence of mouth- and nose breathing in children with malocclusion. The prevalence rates for class I to class III malocclusions vary significantly between studies. For class I malocclusions, a prevalence between 9% and 74% was identified in the included studies. For class II malocclusions a prevalence between 21% and 73% was shown, which equalled roughly the prevalence of class I malocclusions. Class III malocclusions were the least prevalent, between 5% and 24%. There is insufficient evidence for a difference in prevalence patterns of class I – III malocclusions between mouth and nasal breathers in order to draw a definite conclusion. The quality of the included studies was rated moderate to poor. Research on the prevalence of malocclusions in mouth breathing compared to nasal breathing children is scarce. Identified prevalence rates differ significantly, which is likely due to different assessment and reporting methods used in the included studies. The evidence of a difference in prevalence patterns for class I – III malocclusions and other occlusion traits between mouth and nasal breathers is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review
AU  - Markus Greven
Y1  - 2021/08/11
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12
T2  - International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
JF  - International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
JO  - International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
SP  - 17
EP  - 27
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-1344
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20210702.12
AB  - The prevalence of malocclusion in mouth breathing children compared to nasal breathing children is unclear, therefore the aim of this study is to identify this prevalence in a systematic review. Seven studies were included. Six studies investigated the prevalence of malocclusion in mouth breathers and compared them with the prevalence data in nose breathers. One study evaluated the prevalence of mouth- and nose breathing in children with malocclusion. The prevalence rates for class I to class III malocclusions vary significantly between studies. For class I malocclusions, a prevalence between 9% and 74% was identified in the included studies. For class II malocclusions a prevalence between 21% and 73% was shown, which equalled roughly the prevalence of class I malocclusions. Class III malocclusions were the least prevalent, between 5% and 24%. There is insufficient evidence for a difference in prevalence patterns of class I – III malocclusions between mouth and nasal breathers in order to draw a definite conclusion. The quality of the included studies was rated moderate to poor. Research on the prevalence of malocclusions in mouth breathing compared to nasal breathing children is scarce. Identified prevalence rates differ significantly, which is likely due to different assessment and reporting methods used in the included studies. The evidence of a difference in prevalence patterns for class I – III malocclusions and other occlusion traits between mouth and nasal breathers is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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