Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from <i>Thais Coronata </i>Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration

Okolie Davidson; Adowei Pereware; Charles Ikenna Osu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11

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Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from Thais Coronata Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration

Okolie Davidson, Adowei Pereware, Charles Ikenna Osu

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 8, Issue 1)

Received: 27 March 2023 Accepted: 20 April 2023 Published: 10 May 2023

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Abstract

CHITOSAN was extracted from Thais Coronata shell and modified with poly-lactic acid by gelation method to derive its poly-lactic chitosan nano-composite. Both the chitosan and the polylactic acid modified composite where analyzed using FT-IR and SEM for changes in functional group and surface morphology. A spectrum of unmodified chitosan with absorption bands ranging from 3533 cm^-1 to 3942 cm^-1, all attributed to O-H stretching vibrations, and a cluster of bands attributed to N-H stretching vibrations of primary and secondary amine at 3417 cm^-1, 3317 cm^-1, 3286 cm^-1, and 3217cm^-1. The -NH₂ stretching is approximated matched by the high and deep adsorption peak at 1496cm^-1 corresponding to Amide II, which is a characteristic band of N-acetylation. SEM images of unmodified and poly-lactic acid modified chitosan composites at 500 and 1500x magnification reveals a rough surface with significant pores, typified and notable irregularities that are ideal for adsorption. The morphology of the poly-lactic acid modified chitosan has changed significantly in relation to its weak surface properties, with a smoother surface domain and reduced pore structure. The degree of ionic activity between chitosan and the poly lactic acid grafted onto the polymer chain is linked to morphological variability. The samples where investigated as potential bio-sorbents for urea uptake from waste water by equilibration. Adsorption experiments were conducted on 20100mg/L urea wastewater and the effect of contact time, concentration, temperature and pH on urea removal efficiency was studied. At temperature of 30°C and pH of 2.5, maximum removal efficiency of 50.16 and 54.33% were obtained for the modified and un-modified chitosan respectively. Results from adsorption studies revealed that the modification with poly-lactic acid did not enhance adsorption capacity of chitosan, although its solubility and resistance to acidic degradation was improved. The development of chitosan materials with better adsorption capacity in the light of urea uptake is therefore very feasible.

Published in	International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11
Page(s)	1-8
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nanocomposite, Polylactic Acid, Thais coronata Shell, FT-IR and SEM

References

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APA Style

Okolie Davidson, Adowei Pereware, Charles Ikenna Osu. (2023). Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from Thais Coronata Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 8(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11

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ACS Style

Okolie Davidson; Adowei Pereware; Charles Ikenna Osu. Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from Thais Coronata Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2023, 8(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11

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AMA Style

Okolie Davidson, Adowei Pereware, Charles Ikenna Osu. Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from Thais Coronata Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2023;8(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11,
  author = {Okolie Davidson and Adowei Pereware and Charles Ikenna Osu},
  title = {Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from Thais Coronata Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-8},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20230801.11},
  abstract = {CHITOSAN was extracted from Thais Coronata shell and modified with poly-lactic acid by gelation method to derive its poly-lactic chitosan nano-composite. Both the chitosan and the polylactic acid modified composite where analyzed using FT-IR and SEM for changes in functional group and surface morphology. A spectrum of unmodified chitosan with absorption bands ranging from 3533 cm-1 to 3942 cm-1, all attributed to O-H stretching vibrations, and a cluster of bands attributed to N-H stretching vibrations of primary and secondary amine at 3417 cm-1, 3317 cm-1, 3286 cm-1, and 3217cm-1. The -NH2 stretching is approximated matched by the high and deep adsorption peak at 1496cm-1 corresponding to Amide II, which is a characteristic band of N-acetylation. SEM images of unmodified and poly-lactic acid modified chitosan composites at 500 and 1500x magnification reveals a rough surface with significant pores, typified and notable irregularities that are ideal for adsorption. The morphology of the poly-lactic acid modified chitosan has changed significantly in relation to its weak surface properties, with a smoother surface domain and reduced pore structure. The degree of ionic activity between chitosan and the poly lactic acid grafted onto the polymer chain is linked to morphological variability. The samples where investigated as potential bio-sorbents for urea uptake from waste water by equilibration. Adsorption experiments were conducted on 20100mg/L urea wastewater and the effect of contact time, concentration, temperature and pH on urea removal efficiency was studied. At temperature of 30°C and pH of 2.5, maximum removal efficiency of 50.16 and 54.33% were obtained for the modified and un-modified chitosan respectively. Results from adsorption studies revealed that the modification with poly-lactic acid did not enhance adsorption capacity of chitosan, although its solubility and resistance to acidic degradation was improved. The development of chitosan materials with better adsorption capacity in the light of urea uptake is therefore very feasible.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from Thais Coronata Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration
AU  - Okolie Davidson
AU  - Adowei Pereware
AU  - Charles Ikenna Osu
Y1  - 2023/05/10
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11
AB  - CHITOSAN was extracted from Thais Coronata shell and modified with poly-lactic acid by gelation method to derive its poly-lactic chitosan nano-composite. Both the chitosan and the polylactic acid modified composite where analyzed using FT-IR and SEM for changes in functional group and surface morphology. A spectrum of unmodified chitosan with absorption bands ranging from 3533 cm-1 to 3942 cm-1, all attributed to O-H stretching vibrations, and a cluster of bands attributed to N-H stretching vibrations of primary and secondary amine at 3417 cm-1, 3317 cm-1, 3286 cm-1, and 3217cm-1. The -NH2 stretching is approximated matched by the high and deep adsorption peak at 1496cm-1 corresponding to Amide II, which is a characteristic band of N-acetylation. SEM images of unmodified and poly-lactic acid modified chitosan composites at 500 and 1500x magnification reveals a rough surface with significant pores, typified and notable irregularities that are ideal for adsorption. The morphology of the poly-lactic acid modified chitosan has changed significantly in relation to its weak surface properties, with a smoother surface domain and reduced pore structure. The degree of ionic activity between chitosan and the poly lactic acid grafted onto the polymer chain is linked to morphological variability. The samples where investigated as potential bio-sorbents for urea uptake from waste water by equilibration. Adsorption experiments were conducted on 20100mg/L urea wastewater and the effect of contact time, concentration, temperature and pH on urea removal efficiency was studied. At temperature of 30°C and pH of 2.5, maximum removal efficiency of 50.16 and 54.33% were obtained for the modified and un-modified chitosan respectively. Results from adsorption studies revealed that the modification with poly-lactic acid did not enhance adsorption capacity of chitosan, although its solubility and resistance to acidic degradation was improved. The development of chitosan materials with better adsorption capacity in the light of urea uptake is therefore very feasible.
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Okolie Davidson

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Adowei Pereware

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Charles Ikenna Osu

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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APA Style

Okolie Davidson, Adowei Pereware, Charles Ikenna Osu. (2023). Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from Thais Coronata Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 8(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11

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ACS Style

Okolie Davidson; Adowei Pereware; Charles Ikenna Osu. Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from Thais Coronata Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2023, 8(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11

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AMA Style

Okolie Davidson, Adowei Pereware, Charles Ikenna Osu. Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from Thais Coronata Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2023;8(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11,
  author = {Okolie Davidson and Adowei Pereware and Charles Ikenna Osu},
  title = {Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from Thais Coronata Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-8},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20230801.11},
  abstract = {CHITOSAN was extracted from Thais Coronata shell and modified with poly-lactic acid by gelation method to derive its poly-lactic chitosan nano-composite. Both the chitosan and the polylactic acid modified composite where analyzed using FT-IR and SEM for changes in functional group and surface morphology. A spectrum of unmodified chitosan with absorption bands ranging from 3533 cm-1 to 3942 cm-1, all attributed to O-H stretching vibrations, and a cluster of bands attributed to N-H stretching vibrations of primary and secondary amine at 3417 cm-1, 3317 cm-1, 3286 cm-1, and 3217cm-1. The -NH2 stretching is approximated matched by the high and deep adsorption peak at 1496cm-1 corresponding to Amide II, which is a characteristic band of N-acetylation. SEM images of unmodified and poly-lactic acid modified chitosan composites at 500 and 1500x magnification reveals a rough surface with significant pores, typified and notable irregularities that are ideal for adsorption. The morphology of the poly-lactic acid modified chitosan has changed significantly in relation to its weak surface properties, with a smoother surface domain and reduced pore structure. The degree of ionic activity between chitosan and the poly lactic acid grafted onto the polymer chain is linked to morphological variability. The samples where investigated as potential bio-sorbents for urea uptake from waste water by equilibration. Adsorption experiments were conducted on 20100mg/L urea wastewater and the effect of contact time, concentration, temperature and pH on urea removal efficiency was studied. At temperature of 30°C and pH of 2.5, maximum removal efficiency of 50.16 and 54.33% were obtained for the modified and un-modified chitosan respectively. Results from adsorption studies revealed that the modification with poly-lactic acid did not enhance adsorption capacity of chitosan, although its solubility and resistance to acidic degradation was improved. The development of chitosan materials with better adsorption capacity in the light of urea uptake is therefore very feasible.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from Thais Coronata Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration
AU  - Okolie Davidson
AU  - Adowei Pereware
AU  - Charles Ikenna Osu
Y1  - 2023/05/10
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11
AB  - CHITOSAN was extracted from Thais Coronata shell and modified with poly-lactic acid by gelation method to derive its poly-lactic chitosan nano-composite. Both the chitosan and the polylactic acid modified composite where analyzed using FT-IR and SEM for changes in functional group and surface morphology. A spectrum of unmodified chitosan with absorption bands ranging from 3533 cm-1 to 3942 cm-1, all attributed to O-H stretching vibrations, and a cluster of bands attributed to N-H stretching vibrations of primary and secondary amine at 3417 cm-1, 3317 cm-1, 3286 cm-1, and 3217cm-1. The -NH2 stretching is approximated matched by the high and deep adsorption peak at 1496cm-1 corresponding to Amide II, which is a characteristic band of N-acetylation. SEM images of unmodified and poly-lactic acid modified chitosan composites at 500 and 1500x magnification reveals a rough surface with significant pores, typified and notable irregularities that are ideal for adsorption. The morphology of the poly-lactic acid modified chitosan has changed significantly in relation to its weak surface properties, with a smoother surface domain and reduced pore structure. The degree of ionic activity between chitosan and the poly lactic acid grafted onto the polymer chain is linked to morphological variability. The samples where investigated as potential bio-sorbents for urea uptake from waste water by equilibration. Adsorption experiments were conducted on 20100mg/L urea wastewater and the effect of contact time, concentration, temperature and pH on urea removal efficiency was studied. At temperature of 30°C and pH of 2.5, maximum removal efficiency of 50.16 and 54.33% were obtained for the modified and un-modified chitosan respectively. Results from adsorption studies revealed that the modification with poly-lactic acid did not enhance adsorption capacity of chitosan, although its solubility and resistance to acidic degradation was improved. The development of chitosan materials with better adsorption capacity in the light of urea uptake is therefore very feasible.
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
ER  -

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