Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Factors Affecting Low Medication Adherence Among Incident HIV-Infected at Lerato Clinic in Germiston

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold; Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie; Longo-Mbenza Benjamin; Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis; Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie; Kamangu Ntambwe Eric; Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain; Kisoka Lusunsi Christian

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15

Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Factors Affecting Low Medication Adherence Among Incident HIV-Infected at Lerato Clinic in Germiston

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold, Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin, Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis, Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, Kamangu Ntambwe Eric, Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain, Kisoka Lusunsi Christian

Published in International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 3 May 2023 Accepted: 22 May 2023 Published: 31 May 2023

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Abstract

Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the management of HIV/AIDS has made it possible to significantly reduce its incidence and its morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting levels of non-adherence to HAART. Methods: The investigator conducted a cross-sectional study at Lerato Clinic in Bertha Qxowa Hospital in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa from September 2019 to December 2019. Were included to participate, those being more than 18 years old, on HAART for at least three months, consenting to participate, and attending the clinic in that period. Non-adherence was defined as taking their medication ≤ 95% of the time. A threshold of non-adherence >5% was considered high, with P <0.05 statistically significant. Results: Of a total of 278 participants in the study, the average age was 41 ± 13 years with a minimum of 19 years and a maximum of 75 years, a male predominance of 56% (n ꞊ 156); 19% of patients showed adherence ≤ 95%, of which 13.31 (n=37) were men and 5.4% (n=15). High blood pressure, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, and LDL-hypercholesterolemia emerged as clinico-biological determinants and associated factors of non-adherence to HAART. People who often found HAART toxic/bad and who often cared for their partners/spouses/parents were at risk of non-adherence. Similarly, people who were busy doing other things and those who "often" cared for a parent were more likely to adhere to HAART. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), uric acid, blood sugar, and LDL cholesterol which showed higher values. Conclusion: Effective management of HIV/AIDS requires <5% non-adherence. At the end of the present study, the factors associated with non-adherence were individuals and cardiometabolic. All these observations affirmed the holistic and multidisciplinary nature of HIV/AIDS care.

Published in	International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15
Page(s)	30-34
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

HIV, HAART, Non-Adherence, Associated Factors

References

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[2]	Patrick OE, John EA. Adherence of HIV/AIDS patients to antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary health facility in Benin City. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008; 2 (7): 145–152.
[3]	de Jong MD, de Boer RJ, de Wolf F, Foudraine NA, Boucher CA, Goudsmit J, et al. Overshoot of HIV-1 viraemia after early discontinuation of antiretroviral treatment. AIDS London Engl. 1997; 11 (11): F79-84.
[4]	Delfraissy J. Care of people infected with HIV: Recommendations of the group of experts. Paris Flammarion Medicine-Sci. 2002; 384.
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[6]	Gee ME, Campbell N, Sarrafzadegan N, Jafar T, Khalsa TK, Mangat B, et al. Standards for the uniform reporting of hypertension in adults using population survey data: recommendations from the World Hypertension League Expert Committee. J Clin Hypertens Greenwich Conn. 2014; 16 (11): 773–781.
[7]	Now I, Amidou SA, Houehanou YC, Houinato SD, Gbagouidi GN, Preux PM, et al. The prevalence, awareness, management and control of hypertension in men and women in Benin, West Africa: the TAHES study. BMC Cardiovascular Disord. 2019; 19 (1): 303.
[8]	Alberti KGMM, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Traffic. 2009; 120 (16): 1640–1645.
[9]	Longo-Mbenza B, Apalata T, Longokolo M, Mambimbi MM, Mokondjimobe E, Gombet T, et al. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with the metabolic syndrome among HIV-infected black Africans receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Cardiovascular J Afr. 2015; 26 (2): 52–56.
[10]	WHO. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach. 2nd edition. Geneva. 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK374294/.
[11]	Cardio online. Simultaneous subclinical atherosclerosis and elevated CRP associated with increased risk of heart attack and stroke. https://www.cardio-online.fr/Actualites/Depeches/Une-atherosclerose-infraclinique-et-une-CRP-elevee-simultanees-associates-a-un-risque-accru-d-infarctus-et-d- Stroke. Accessed April 13, 2023.
[12]	Essomba EN, Adiogo D, Koum DCK, Amang B, Lehman LG, Coppieters Y. Factors associated with non-adherence to treatment in adult subjects infected with HIV on antiretrovirals in a referral hospital in Douala. Pan Afr Med J. 2015; 20: 412.
[13]	Nziengui U, Zamba C, Rey JL. [Difficulties of the patients to undergo their ARV treatment at the Libreville outpatient health center, Gabon]. Bull Society Pathol Exot 1990. 2006; 99: 23–7.
[14]	Agbeko DK, Toyi T, Lihanimpo D, Dzidzonu NK, Laconi K, Abago B, et al. Lipid and carbohydrate disorders at cardiovascular risk in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral treatment: case of the medical care center of the NGO Espoir-Vie-Togo in Lomé. Pan Afr Med J. 2019; 34: 203.

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Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold, Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin, Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis, Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, et al. (2023). Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Factors Affecting Low Medication Adherence Among Incident HIV-Infected at Lerato Clinic in Germiston. International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science, 9(1), 30-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15

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Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold; Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie; Longo-Mbenza Benjamin; Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis; Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, et al. Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Factors Affecting Low Medication Adherence Among Incident HIV-Infected at Lerato Clinic in Germiston. Int. J. HIV/AIDS Prev. Educ. Behav. Sci. 2023, 9(1), 30-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15

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AMA Style

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold, Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin, Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis, Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, et al. Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Factors Affecting Low Medication Adherence Among Incident HIV-Infected at Lerato Clinic in Germiston. Int J HIV/AIDS Prev Educ Behav Sci. 2023;9(1):30-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15,
  author = {Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold and Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie and Longo-Mbenza Benjamin and Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis and Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie and Kamangu Ntambwe Eric and Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain and Kisoka Lusunsi Christian},
  title = {Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Factors Affecting Low Medication Adherence Among Incident HIV-Infected at Lerato Clinic in Germiston},
  journal = {International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {30-34},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhpebs.20230901.15},
  abstract = {Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the management of HIV/AIDS has made it possible to significantly reduce its incidence and its morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting levels of non-adherence to HAART. Methods: The investigator conducted a cross-sectional study at Lerato Clinic in Bertha Qxowa Hospital in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa from September 2019 to December 2019. Were included to participate, those being more than 18 years old, on HAART for at least three months, consenting to participate, and attending the clinic in that period. Non-adherence was defined as taking their medication ≤ 95% of the time. A threshold of non-adherence >5% was considered high, with P Results: Of a total of 278 participants in the study, the average age was 41 ± 13 years with a minimum of 19 years and a maximum of 75 years, a male predominance of 56% (n ꞊ 156); 19% of patients showed adherence ≤ 95%, of which 13.31 (n=37) were men and 5.4% (n=15). High blood pressure, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, and LDL-hypercholesterolemia emerged as clinico-biological determinants and associated factors of non-adherence to HAART. People who often found HAART toxic/bad and who often cared for their partners/spouses/parents were at risk of non-adherence. Similarly, people who were busy doing other things and those who "often" cared for a parent were more likely to adhere to HAART. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), uric acid, blood sugar, and LDL cholesterol which showed higher values. Conclusion: Effective management of HIV/AIDS requires <5% non-adherence. At the end of the present study, the factors associated with non-adherence were individuals and cardiometabolic. All these observations affirmed the holistic and multidisciplinary nature of HIV/AIDS care.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Factors Affecting Low Medication Adherence Among Incident HIV-Infected at Lerato Clinic in Germiston
AU  - Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold
AU  - Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie
AU  - Longo-Mbenza Benjamin
AU  - Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis
AU  - Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie
AU  - Kamangu Ntambwe Eric
AU  - Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain
AU  - Kisoka Lusunsi Christian
Y1  - 2023/05/31
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15
T2  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
JF  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
JO  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
SP  - 30
EP  - 34
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5765
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15
AB  - Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the management of HIV/AIDS has made it possible to significantly reduce its incidence and its morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting levels of non-adherence to HAART. Methods: The investigator conducted a cross-sectional study at Lerato Clinic in Bertha Qxowa Hospital in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa from September 2019 to December 2019. Were included to participate, those being more than 18 years old, on HAART for at least three months, consenting to participate, and attending the clinic in that period. Non-adherence was defined as taking their medication ≤ 95% of the time. A threshold of non-adherence >5% was considered high, with P Results: Of a total of 278 participants in the study, the average age was 41 ± 13 years with a minimum of 19 years and a maximum of 75 years, a male predominance of 56% (n ꞊ 156); 19% of patients showed adherence ≤ 95%, of which 13.31 (n=37) were men and 5.4% (n=15). High blood pressure, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, and LDL-hypercholesterolemia emerged as clinico-biological determinants and associated factors of non-adherence to HAART. People who often found HAART toxic/bad and who often cared for their partners/spouses/parents were at risk of non-adherence. Similarly, people who were busy doing other things and those who "often" cared for a parent were more likely to adhere to HAART. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), uric acid, blood sugar, and LDL cholesterol which showed higher values. Conclusion: Effective management of HIV/AIDS requires <5% non-adherence. At the end of the present study, the factors associated with non-adherence were individuals and cardiometabolic. All these observations affirmed the holistic and multidisciplinary nature of HIV/AIDS care.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold

Department of Public Health, Lomo University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Longo-Mbenza Benjamin

Department of Public Health, Lomo University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis

Faculty of Medicine, University of Goma, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie

Faculty of Medicine, University of Goma, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
Kamangu Ntambwe Eric

Department of Basic Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain

Mother and Child Center of Bumbu, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Kisoka Lusunsi Christian

Department of Public Health, Lomo University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

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APA Style

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold, Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin, Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis, Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, et al. (2023). Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Factors Affecting Low Medication Adherence Among Incident HIV-Infected at Lerato Clinic in Germiston. International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science, 9(1), 30-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15

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ACS Style

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold; Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie; Longo-Mbenza Benjamin; Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis; Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, et al. Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Factors Affecting Low Medication Adherence Among Incident HIV-Infected at Lerato Clinic in Germiston. Int. J. HIV/AIDS Prev. Educ. Behav. Sci. 2023, 9(1), 30-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15

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AMA Style

Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold, Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie, Longo-Mbenza Benjamin, Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis, Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie, et al. Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Factors Affecting Low Medication Adherence Among Incident HIV-Infected at Lerato Clinic in Germiston. Int J HIV/AIDS Prev Educ Behav Sci. 2023;9(1):30-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15,
  author = {Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold and Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie and Longo-Mbenza Benjamin and Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis and Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie and Kamangu Ntambwe Eric and Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain and Kisoka Lusunsi Christian},
  title = {Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Factors Affecting Low Medication Adherence Among Incident HIV-Infected at Lerato Clinic in Germiston},
  journal = {International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {30-34},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhpebs.20230901.15},
  abstract = {Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the management of HIV/AIDS has made it possible to significantly reduce its incidence and its morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting levels of non-adherence to HAART. Methods: The investigator conducted a cross-sectional study at Lerato Clinic in Bertha Qxowa Hospital in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa from September 2019 to December 2019. Were included to participate, those being more than 18 years old, on HAART for at least three months, consenting to participate, and attending the clinic in that period. Non-adherence was defined as taking their medication ≤ 95% of the time. A threshold of non-adherence >5% was considered high, with P Results: Of a total of 278 participants in the study, the average age was 41 ± 13 years with a minimum of 19 years and a maximum of 75 years, a male predominance of 56% (n ꞊ 156); 19% of patients showed adherence ≤ 95%, of which 13.31 (n=37) were men and 5.4% (n=15). High blood pressure, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, and LDL-hypercholesterolemia emerged as clinico-biological determinants and associated factors of non-adherence to HAART. People who often found HAART toxic/bad and who often cared for their partners/spouses/parents were at risk of non-adherence. Similarly, people who were busy doing other things and those who "often" cared for a parent were more likely to adhere to HAART. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), uric acid, blood sugar, and LDL cholesterol which showed higher values. Conclusion: Effective management of HIV/AIDS requires <5% non-adherence. At the end of the present study, the factors associated with non-adherence were individuals and cardiometabolic. All these observations affirmed the holistic and multidisciplinary nature of HIV/AIDS care.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Factors Affecting Low Medication Adherence Among Incident HIV-Infected at Lerato Clinic in Germiston
AU  - Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold
AU  - Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie
AU  - Longo-Mbenza Benjamin
AU  - Wembonyama Okitosho Stanis
AU  - Tsongo Kibendelwa Zacharie
AU  - Kamangu Ntambwe Eric
AU  - Kabakele Tshibwabwa Alain
AU  - Kisoka Lusunsi Christian
Y1  - 2023/05/31
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15
T2  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
JF  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
JO  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
SP  - 30
EP  - 34
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5765
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20230901.15
AB  - Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the management of HIV/AIDS has made it possible to significantly reduce its incidence and its morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting levels of non-adherence to HAART. Methods: The investigator conducted a cross-sectional study at Lerato Clinic in Bertha Qxowa Hospital in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa from September 2019 to December 2019. Were included to participate, those being more than 18 years old, on HAART for at least three months, consenting to participate, and attending the clinic in that period. Non-adherence was defined as taking their medication ≤ 95% of the time. A threshold of non-adherence >5% was considered high, with P Results: Of a total of 278 participants in the study, the average age was 41 ± 13 years with a minimum of 19 years and a maximum of 75 years, a male predominance of 56% (n ꞊ 156); 19% of patients showed adherence ≤ 95%, of which 13.31 (n=37) were men and 5.4% (n=15). High blood pressure, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, and LDL-hypercholesterolemia emerged as clinico-biological determinants and associated factors of non-adherence to HAART. People who often found HAART toxic/bad and who often cared for their partners/spouses/parents were at risk of non-adherence. Similarly, people who were busy doing other things and those who "often" cared for a parent were more likely to adhere to HAART. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), uric acid, blood sugar, and LDL cholesterol which showed higher values. Conclusion: Effective management of HIV/AIDS requires <5% non-adherence. At the end of the present study, the factors associated with non-adherence were individuals and cardiometabolic. All these observations affirmed the holistic and multidisciplinary nature of HIV/AIDS care.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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