Purpose: To determine the frequency of refractive errors in squinting eyes of children from 4 to 16 years presenting at tertiary care hospital. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional prospective study was done. Place and Duration: The study was conducted in Paedriatic Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. The duration of the study was 15th Sep to 15th Oct, 2021. Materials and Methods: Sample size was 146 keeping 41.45% proportion of refractive errors in children with squinting eyes, 95% confidence interval and 8% margin of error under WHO sample size calculations. Non-probability consecutive sampling was done. Result: Mean age was 8.57±2.66 years. Male were 89 (61.0%) and female were 57 (39.0%). Refractive error was present in 56 (38.4%), including 9 myopic, 32 hyperrmetropic, and 15 astigmatic children, and was absent in 90 (61.6%) patients. 57 positive parent refractive error patients, 21 (36.8%) showed refractive errors. However, In 89 patients without parent refractive errors, 35 (39.3%) showed refractive errors, p value 0.763. Early use of electric equipment against the refractive error showed that of total 56 patients with early use of electric equipment, 24 (42.9%) showed refractive errors. In 90 patient without the early use of electric equipment, 32 (35.6%) showed refractive errors There was no association of gender, age, parent refractive errors or early usage of electric equipment with the refractive errors. Conclusion: Prevalence of refractive errors is high in patient with strabismus. There is no association of age, gender, parent refractive errors or early usage of electric equipment in the occurrence of refractive errors. Further studies are recommended for confirmation of these.
| Published in | International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science (Volume 6, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.22 |
| Page(s) | 263-266 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Strabismus, Refractive Error, Myopia, Hypermetropia, Astigmatism
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APA Style
Maryum Nawaz. (2021). Frequency of Refractive Errors in Squinting Eyes of Children from 4 to 16 Years Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospital. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 6(4), 263-266. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.22
ACS Style
Maryum Nawaz. Frequency of Refractive Errors in Squinting Eyes of Children from 4 to 16 Years Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospital. Int. J. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2021, 6(4), 263-266. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.22
AMA Style
Maryum Nawaz. Frequency of Refractive Errors in Squinting Eyes of Children from 4 to 16 Years Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;6(4):263-266. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.22
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.22,
author = {Maryum Nawaz},
title = {Frequency of Refractive Errors in Squinting Eyes of Children from 4 to 16 Years Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospital},
journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {263-266},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.22},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.22},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijovs.20210604.22},
abstract = {Purpose: To determine the frequency of refractive errors in squinting eyes of children from 4 to 16 years presenting at tertiary care hospital. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional prospective study was done. Place and Duration: The study was conducted in Paedriatic Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. The duration of the study was 15th Sep to 15th Oct, 2021. Materials and Methods: Sample size was 146 keeping 41.45% proportion of refractive errors in children with squinting eyes, 95% confidence interval and 8% margin of error under WHO sample size calculations. Non-probability consecutive sampling was done. Result: Mean age was 8.57±2.66 years. Male were 89 (61.0%) and female were 57 (39.0%). Refractive error was present in 56 (38.4%), including 9 myopic, 32 hyperrmetropic, and 15 astigmatic children, and was absent in 90 (61.6%) patients. 57 positive parent refractive error patients, 21 (36.8%) showed refractive errors. However, In 89 patients without parent refractive errors, 35 (39.3%) showed refractive errors, p value 0.763. Early use of electric equipment against the refractive error showed that of total 56 patients with early use of electric equipment, 24 (42.9%) showed refractive errors. In 90 patient without the early use of electric equipment, 32 (35.6%) showed refractive errors There was no association of gender, age, parent refractive errors or early usage of electric equipment with the refractive errors. Conclusion: Prevalence of refractive errors is high in patient with strabismus. There is no association of age, gender, parent refractive errors or early usage of electric equipment in the occurrence of refractive errors. Further studies are recommended for confirmation of these.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency of Refractive Errors in Squinting Eyes of Children from 4 to 16 Years Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospital AU - Maryum Nawaz Y1 - 2021/12/24 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.22 DO - 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.22 T2 - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science JF - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science JO - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science SP - 263 EP - 266 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2637-3858 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.22 AB - Purpose: To determine the frequency of refractive errors in squinting eyes of children from 4 to 16 years presenting at tertiary care hospital. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional prospective study was done. Place and Duration: The study was conducted in Paedriatic Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. The duration of the study was 15th Sep to 15th Oct, 2021. Materials and Methods: Sample size was 146 keeping 41.45% proportion of refractive errors in children with squinting eyes, 95% confidence interval and 8% margin of error under WHO sample size calculations. Non-probability consecutive sampling was done. Result: Mean age was 8.57±2.66 years. Male were 89 (61.0%) and female were 57 (39.0%). Refractive error was present in 56 (38.4%), including 9 myopic, 32 hyperrmetropic, and 15 astigmatic children, and was absent in 90 (61.6%) patients. 57 positive parent refractive error patients, 21 (36.8%) showed refractive errors. However, In 89 patients without parent refractive errors, 35 (39.3%) showed refractive errors, p value 0.763. Early use of electric equipment against the refractive error showed that of total 56 patients with early use of electric equipment, 24 (42.9%) showed refractive errors. In 90 patient without the early use of electric equipment, 32 (35.6%) showed refractive errors There was no association of gender, age, parent refractive errors or early usage of electric equipment with the refractive errors. Conclusion: Prevalence of refractive errors is high in patient with strabismus. There is no association of age, gender, parent refractive errors or early usage of electric equipment in the occurrence of refractive errors. Further studies are recommended for confirmation of these. VL - 6 IS - 4 ER -
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