Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria

Musa Williams Ombugus; Wuana Raymond Ahulle; Itodo Udoji Adams; Eneji Ishaq Shaibu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11

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Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria

Musa Williams Ombugus, Wuana Raymond Ahulle, Itodo Udoji Adams, Eneji Ishaq Shaibu

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 10 March 2021 Accepted: 23 March 2021 Published: 7 April 2021

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Abstract

The quality of surface and ground water in mining communities is uncertain since metals associated with acid mine drainage are known to saturate these waters. A total of two (2) hand dug wells, two (2) stream water and six (6) mine waste water samples were collected in March 2019. The water samples were analyzed in triplicate for As, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cd using AAS. The toxic metals concentration sequence was such that Pb > Zn >Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni > Hg > As. Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations were higher than WHO and NESREA Standard limits. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were used to calculate the health risk for human population. The Hazard Index (HI) value for all pathways was found to be 236.8 in mine waste water, 23.39 in stream water 1, 12.91 in stream water 2, 11.1 in well water 1 and 45.07 in well water 2. Among all the studied metals, Cr and Cd has the highest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.8 x 10^–3 and 5.17 x 10^–3 while Pb and Ni has the lowest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.69 x 10^–4 and 5.9 x 10^–4.

Published in	Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11
Page(s)	76-87
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metal, Water Quality, Health Risk, Mining, Assessment

References

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APA Style

Musa Williams Ombugus, Wuana Raymond Ahulle, Itodo Udoji Adams, Eneji Ishaq Shaibu. (2021). Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 7(2), 76-87. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11

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ACS Style

Musa Williams Ombugus; Wuana Raymond Ahulle; Itodo Udoji Adams; Eneji Ishaq Shaibu. Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria. J. Health Environ. Res. 2021, 7(2), 76-87. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11

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AMA Style

Musa Williams Ombugus, Wuana Raymond Ahulle, Itodo Udoji Adams, Eneji Ishaq Shaibu. Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria. J Health Environ Res. 2021;7(2):76-87. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11,
  author = {Musa Williams Ombugus and Wuana Raymond Ahulle and Itodo Udoji Adams and Eneji Ishaq Shaibu},
  title = {Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {76-87},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20210702.11},
  abstract = {The quality of surface and ground water in mining communities is uncertain since metals associated with acid mine drainage are known to saturate these waters. A total of two (2) hand dug wells, two (2) stream water and six (6) mine waste water samples were collected in March 2019. The water samples were analyzed in triplicate for As, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cd using AAS. The toxic metals concentration sequence was such that Pb > Zn >Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni > Hg > As. Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations were higher than WHO and NESREA Standard limits. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were used to calculate the health risk for human population. The Hazard Index (HI) value for all pathways was found to be 236.8 in mine waste water, 23.39 in stream water 1, 12.91 in stream water 2, 11.1 in well water 1 and 45.07 in well water 2. Among all the studied metals, Cr and Cd has the highest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.8 x 10–3 and 5.17 x 10–3 while Pb and Ni has the lowest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.69 x 10–4 and 5.9 x 10–4.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria
AU  - Musa Williams Ombugus
AU  - Wuana Raymond Ahulle
AU  - Itodo Udoji Adams
AU  - Eneji Ishaq Shaibu
Y1  - 2021/04/07
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 76
EP  - 87
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11
AB  - The quality of surface and ground water in mining communities is uncertain since metals associated with acid mine drainage are known to saturate these waters. A total of two (2) hand dug wells, two (2) stream water and six (6) mine waste water samples were collected in March 2019. The water samples were analyzed in triplicate for As, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cd using AAS. The toxic metals concentration sequence was such that Pb > Zn >Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni > Hg > As. Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations were higher than WHO and NESREA Standard limits. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were used to calculate the health risk for human population. The Hazard Index (HI) value for all pathways was found to be 236.8 in mine waste water, 23.39 in stream water 1, 12.91 in stream water 2, 11.1 in well water 1 and 45.07 in well water 2. Among all the studied metals, Cr and Cd has the highest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.8 x 10–3 and 5.17 x 10–3 while Pb and Ni has the lowest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.69 x 10–4 and 5.9 x 10–4.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Musa Williams Ombugus

Chemistry Department, College of Education, Akwanga, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Wuana Raymond Ahulle

Department of Chemistry and Centre for Agrochemical Technology and Environmental Research, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Itodo Udoji Adams

Department of Chemistry and Centre for Agrochemical Technology and Environmental Research, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Eneji Ishaq Shaibu

Department of Chemistry and Centre for Agrochemical Technology and Environmental Research, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

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APA Style

Musa Williams Ombugus, Wuana Raymond Ahulle, Itodo Udoji Adams, Eneji Ishaq Shaibu. (2021). Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 7(2), 76-87. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11

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ACS Style

Musa Williams Ombugus; Wuana Raymond Ahulle; Itodo Udoji Adams; Eneji Ishaq Shaibu. Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria. J. Health Environ. Res. 2021, 7(2), 76-87. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11

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AMA Style

Musa Williams Ombugus, Wuana Raymond Ahulle, Itodo Udoji Adams, Eneji Ishaq Shaibu. Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria. J Health Environ Res. 2021;7(2):76-87. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11,
  author = {Musa Williams Ombugus and Wuana Raymond Ahulle and Itodo Udoji Adams and Eneji Ishaq Shaibu},
  title = {Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {76-87},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20210702.11},
  abstract = {The quality of surface and ground water in mining communities is uncertain since metals associated with acid mine drainage are known to saturate these waters. A total of two (2) hand dug wells, two (2) stream water and six (6) mine waste water samples were collected in March 2019. The water samples were analyzed in triplicate for As, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cd using AAS. The toxic metals concentration sequence was such that Pb > Zn >Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni > Hg > As. Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations were higher than WHO and NESREA Standard limits. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were used to calculate the health risk for human population. The Hazard Index (HI) value for all pathways was found to be 236.8 in mine waste water, 23.39 in stream water 1, 12.91 in stream water 2, 11.1 in well water 1 and 45.07 in well water 2. Among all the studied metals, Cr and Cd has the highest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.8 x 10–3 and 5.17 x 10–3 while Pb and Ni has the lowest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.69 x 10–4 and 5.9 x 10–4.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Human Health Risks of Heavy Metal in Wells and Streams Water in the Vicinity of a Lead Mining in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria
AU  - Musa Williams Ombugus
AU  - Wuana Raymond Ahulle
AU  - Itodo Udoji Adams
AU  - Eneji Ishaq Shaibu
Y1  - 2021/04/07
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 76
EP  - 87
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210702.11
AB  - The quality of surface and ground water in mining communities is uncertain since metals associated with acid mine drainage are known to saturate these waters. A total of two (2) hand dug wells, two (2) stream water and six (6) mine waste water samples were collected in March 2019. The water samples were analyzed in triplicate for As, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cd using AAS. The toxic metals concentration sequence was such that Pb > Zn >Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni > Hg > As. Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations were higher than WHO and NESREA Standard limits. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were used to calculate the health risk for human population. The Hazard Index (HI) value for all pathways was found to be 236.8 in mine waste water, 23.39 in stream water 1, 12.91 in stream water 2, 11.1 in well water 1 and 45.07 in well water 2. Among all the studied metals, Cr and Cd has the highest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.8 x 10–3 and 5.17 x 10–3 while Pb and Ni has the lowest chances of cancer risks with ILCR values of 1.69 x 10–4 and 5.9 x 10–4.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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