Analysis of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Dawit Darcha Ganta; Sisay Geda Bekele

doi:doi:10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Analysis of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Dawit Darcha Ganta, Sisay Geda Bekele

Published in Modern Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 19 November 2023 Accepted: 5 December 2023 Published: 14 December 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

There is a risk to human health associated with dietary exposure to the majority of hazardous heavy metals, including As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg. This study looked at the levels of the five most dangerous heavy metals in four types of edible leafy vegetables that are popular in Sheka Zone, southwest Ethiopia. The heavy metals found in a few leafy vegetables, including Brassica carinata, Lactuca sativa var. capital, Beta vulgaris, and Cucurbita Leaf, which were taken from four different districts of the Sheka zone, were determined using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) technique. The selection of green vegetables was made in consideration of local human nutrition. Compared to other vegetables, those cultivated in Mizan had the highest concentration of heavy metals. Since all obtained values fell below the permissible limits set by the FAO/WHO for edible leafy vegetables, the results demonstrate that consuming these leafy vegetables as part of a healthy diet will not cause heavy metal toxicity and may even be advantageous to users in cases of micronutrient deficiency.

Published in	Modern Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12
Page(s)	78-83
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

AAS, Leaf Vegetable, Heavy Metal, Permissible Limit

References

[1]	Edwards, S. B. (1991). Crops with wild relatives found in Ethiopia. Plant genetic resources of Ethiopia, 42-47.
[2]	Asfaw, Z. (1997). Conservation and use of traditional vegetables in Ethiopia. In Traditional African vegetables: Proceedings of the IPGRI International Workshop on genetic resources of traditional vegetables in Africa Conservation and use. ICRAF-HQ, Nairobi, Kenya (pp. 57-65).
[3]	Sobukola, O. P., Dairo, O. U., Sanni, L. O., Odunewu, A. V., & Fafiolu, B. O. (2007). Thin layer drying process of some leafy vegetables under the open sun. Food science and technology international, 13(1), 35-40.
[4]	D'Mello, J. F. (Ed.). (2003). Food safety: contaminants and toxins. CABI.
[5]	Ihesinachi, K., & Eresiya, D. (2014). Evaluation of heavy metals in orange, pineapple, avocado pear, and pawpaw from a farm in Kaani, Bori, Rivers State Nigeria. Journal Issues ISSN, 2360, 8803.
[6]	Liu, R. H. (2003). The Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 78(3), 517S-520S.
[7]	Nogaim, Q. A., Makarem, M., Alwah, M., & Atef, M. (2013). Survey of some heavy metals in Yemeni vegetables. Merit Research Journal of Food Science and Technology, 1(3), 36-42.
[8]	Ünak, P., Yurt Lambrecht, F., Biber, F., & Darcan, S. (2007). Iodine measurements by isotope dilution analysis in drinking water in Western Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 273(3), 649-651.
[9]	Salvo, A., Cicero, N., Vadalà, R., Mottese, A. F., Bua, D., Mallamace, D.,.. & Dugo, G. (2016). Toxic and essential metals determination in commercial seafood: Paracentrotus lividus by ICP-MS. Natural product research, 30(6), 657-664.
[10]	Pollard, A. J., & Briggs, D. (1984). Genecological studies of Urtica dioica L. III. Stinging hairs and plant-herbivore interactions. New Phytologist, 97(3), 507-522.
[11]	Divrikli, U., Horzum, N., Soylak, M., & Elci, L. (2006). Trace heavy metal contents of some spices and herbal plants from western Anatolia, Turkey. International journal of food science & technology, 41(6), 712-716.
[12]	Doherty, V. F., Sogbanmu, T. O., Kanife, U. C., & Wright, O. (2012). Heavy metals in vegetables collected from selected farm and market sites in Lagos, Nigeria. Global Adv Res J Environ Sci Toxicol, 1(6), 137-142.
[13]	Shazia, J., Muhammad, T. S., Sardar, K., & Muhammad, Q. H. (2010). Determination of major and trace elements in ten important folk therapeutic plants of Haripur basin, Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(7), 559-566.
[14]	Wuana, R. A., & Okieimen, F. E. (2011). Heavy metals in contaminated soils: a review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2011.
[15]	Ali, M. H., & Al-Qahtani, K. M. (2012). Assessment of some heavy metals in vegetables, cereals and fruits in Saudi Arabian markets. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 38(1), 31-37.
[16]	Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B. B., & Beeregowda, K. N. (2014). Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary toxicology, 7(2), 60.
[17]	Izah, S. C., Inyang, I. R., Angaye, T. C., & Okowa, I. P. (2016). A review of heavy metal concentration and potential health implications of beverages consumed in Nigeria. Toxics, 5(1), 1.
[18]	Mapanda, F., Mangwayana, E. N., Nyamangara, J., & Giller, K. E. (2005). The effect of long-term irrigation using wastewater on heavy metal contents of soils under vegetables in Harare, Zimbabwe. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 107(2-3), 151-165.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ganta, D. D., Bekele, S. G. (2023). Analysis of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Modern Chemistry, 11(4), 78-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ganta, D. D.; Bekele, S. G. Analysis of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Mod. Chem. 2023, 11(4), 78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ganta DD, Bekele SG. Analysis of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Mod Chem. 2023;11(4):78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12,
  author = {Dawit Darcha Ganta and Sisay Geda Bekele},
  title = {Analysis of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {78-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20231104.12},
  abstract = {There is a risk to human health associated with dietary exposure to the majority of hazardous heavy metals, including As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg. This study looked at the levels of the five most dangerous heavy metals in four types of edible leafy vegetables that are popular in Sheka Zone, southwest Ethiopia. The heavy metals found in a few leafy vegetables, including Brassica carinata, Lactuca sativa var. capital, Beta vulgaris, and Cucurbita Leaf, which were taken from four different districts of the Sheka zone, were determined using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) technique. The selection of green vegetables was made in consideration of local human nutrition. Compared to other vegetables, those cultivated in Mizan had the highest concentration of heavy metals. Since all obtained values fell below the permissible limits set by the FAO/WHO for edible leafy vegetables, the results demonstrate that consuming these leafy vegetables as part of a healthy diet will not cause heavy metal toxicity and may even be advantageous to users in cases of micronutrient deficiency.
},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
AU  - Dawit Darcha Ganta
AU  - Sisay Geda Bekele
Y1  - 2023/12/14
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 78
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12
AB  - There is a risk to human health associated with dietary exposure to the majority of hazardous heavy metals, including As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg. This study looked at the levels of the five most dangerous heavy metals in four types of edible leafy vegetables that are popular in Sheka Zone, southwest Ethiopia. The heavy metals found in a few leafy vegetables, including Brassica carinata, Lactuca sativa var. capital, Beta vulgaris, and Cucurbita Leaf, which were taken from four different districts of the Sheka zone, were determined using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) technique. The selection of green vegetables was made in consideration of local human nutrition. Compared to other vegetables, those cultivated in Mizan had the highest concentration of heavy metals. Since all obtained values fell below the permissible limits set by the FAO/WHO for edible leafy vegetables, the results demonstrate that consuming these leafy vegetables as part of a healthy diet will not cause heavy metal toxicity and may even be advantageous to users in cases of micronutrient deficiency.

VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Dawit Darcha Ganta

Department of Applied Chemistry, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia

Contact Email
Sisay Geda Bekele

Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ganta, D. D., Bekele, S. G. (2023). Analysis of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Modern Chemistry, 11(4), 78-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ganta, D. D.; Bekele, S. G. Analysis of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Mod. Chem. 2023, 11(4), 78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ganta DD, Bekele SG. Analysis of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Mod Chem. 2023;11(4):78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12,
  author = {Dawit Darcha Ganta and Sisay Geda Bekele},
  title = {Analysis of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {78-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20231104.12},
  abstract = {There is a risk to human health associated with dietary exposure to the majority of hazardous heavy metals, including As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg. This study looked at the levels of the five most dangerous heavy metals in four types of edible leafy vegetables that are popular in Sheka Zone, southwest Ethiopia. The heavy metals found in a few leafy vegetables, including Brassica carinata, Lactuca sativa var. capital, Beta vulgaris, and Cucurbita Leaf, which were taken from four different districts of the Sheka zone, were determined using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) technique. The selection of green vegetables was made in consideration of local human nutrition. Compared to other vegetables, those cultivated in Mizan had the highest concentration of heavy metals. Since all obtained values fell below the permissible limits set by the FAO/WHO for edible leafy vegetables, the results demonstrate that consuming these leafy vegetables as part of a healthy diet will not cause heavy metal toxicity and may even be advantageous to users in cases of micronutrient deficiency.
},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Levels in Selected Edible Leafy Vegetables in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
AU  - Dawit Darcha Ganta
AU  - Sisay Geda Bekele
Y1  - 2023/12/14
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 78
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20231104.12
AB  - There is a risk to human health associated with dietary exposure to the majority of hazardous heavy metals, including As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg. This study looked at the levels of the five most dangerous heavy metals in four types of edible leafy vegetables that are popular in Sheka Zone, southwest Ethiopia. The heavy metals found in a few leafy vegetables, including Brassica carinata, Lactuca sativa var. capital, Beta vulgaris, and Cucurbita Leaf, which were taken from four different districts of the Sheka zone, were determined using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) technique. The selection of green vegetables was made in consideration of local human nutrition. Compared to other vegetables, those cultivated in Mizan had the highest concentration of heavy metals. Since all obtained values fell below the permissible limits set by the FAO/WHO for edible leafy vegetables, the results demonstrate that consuming these leafy vegetables as part of a healthy diet will not cause heavy metal toxicity and may even be advantageous to users in cases of micronutrient deficiency.

VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download