Simulation Studies on Determination of Displacement and Areal Sweep Efficiencies for Hot CO<sub>2</sub> Flooding in Niger Delta Heavy Oilfield

Jackreece Denovan Abili; Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa; Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe; Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13

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Simulation Studies on Determination of Displacement and Areal Sweep Efficiencies for Hot CO₂ Flooding in Niger Delta Heavy Oilfield

Jackreece Denovan Abili, Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa, Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe, Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme

Published in International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 12 June 2021 Accepted: 24 June 2021 Published: 2 July 2021

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Abstract

Recovery efficiency is very important in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes as it helps in the planning, design and selection of EOR methods that will be technically and economically feasible. In this study, Simulation on hot CO₂ flooding is conducted using data from Niger Delta heavy oil reservoir. The compositional simulation process was carried out in ECLIPSE 300 compositional oil simulator. The recovery efficiency and injection calculations were modeled and simulated in Matlab. Numerical equations enabled the determination of the residual oil saturation and the consequent calculation of the injection and recovery before and after solvent breakthroughs. CO₂ of 0.095cp viscosity was injected at pressure of 3500 psia and 200°F to heat up the reservoir at payzone and reduce the viscosity of the reservoir oil at in-situ reservoir condition. The reservoir oil initially at 14.23cp at initial reservoir temperature and pressure was heated and reduced to a viscosity of 2cP making the oil mobile and amenable to flow. Results show recovery of the process before and after breakthroughs. CO₂ breakthrough was realized after 221 days of the flooding process. Of the 2461.2 ft distance from the injection wells to the producer well, CO₂ reached only a distance of 100 ft at breakthrough. Out of the 2.77 PV total volume of CO₂ injected in the flooding process, 0.1222 PV of CO₂ was injected as at breakthrough. The recovery efficiency result show that the displacement efficiency at CO₂ breakthrough and at the end of the flooding process are 15.17% and 78.63% respectively while the areal sweep efficiency at CO₂ breakthrough and at the end of the flooding process are 44.02% and 93.32% respectively. The low displacement and areal sweep efficiency at breakthrough were due to early breakthrough of CO₂ which did not allow sufficient period of time for the CO₂ to contact considerable portions of the reservoir given its viscous nature. Furthermore, at CO₂ breakthrough time, the injected hot CO₂ had no sufficient time to soak the reservoir and reduce the viscosity of the oil; as such only a small fraction of the in-situ oil became mobile. An overall recovery efficiency of 73.33% realized in the flooding process signifies favourable flooding design hence is recommended for the development and recovery of Niger Delta heavy oilfield.

Published in	International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13
Page(s)	24-35
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Areal Sweep Efficiency, Breakthrough, CO₂ Injection, Displacement Efficiency, Pore Volume

References

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Jackreece Denovan Abili, Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa, Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe, Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme. (2021). Simulation Studies on Determination of Displacement and Areal Sweep Efficiencies for Hot CO2 Flooding in Niger Delta Heavy Oilfield. International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering, 9(2), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13

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Jackreece Denovan Abili; Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa; Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe; Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme. Simulation Studies on Determination of Displacement and Areal Sweep Efficiencies for Hot CO2 Flooding in Niger Delta Heavy Oilfield. Int. J. Oil Gas Coal Eng. 2021, 9(2), 24-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13

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AMA Style

Jackreece Denovan Abili, Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa, Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe, Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme. Simulation Studies on Determination of Displacement and Areal Sweep Efficiencies for Hot CO2 Flooding in Niger Delta Heavy Oilfield. Int J Oil Gas Coal Eng. 2021;9(2):24-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13,
  author = {Jackreece Denovan Abili and Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa and Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe and Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme},
  title = {Simulation Studies on Determination of Displacement and Areal Sweep Efficiencies for Hot CO2 Flooding in Niger Delta Heavy Oilfield},
  journal = {International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {24-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ogce.20210902.13},
  abstract = {Recovery efficiency is very important in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes as it helps in the planning, design and selection of EOR methods that will be technically and economically feasible. In this study, Simulation on hot CO2 flooding is conducted using data from Niger Delta heavy oil reservoir. The compositional simulation process was carried out in ECLIPSE 300 compositional oil simulator. The recovery efficiency and injection calculations were modeled and simulated in Matlab. Numerical equations enabled the determination of the residual oil saturation and the consequent calculation of the injection and recovery before and after solvent breakthroughs. CO2 of 0.095cp viscosity was injected at pressure of 3500 psia and 200°F to heat up the reservoir at payzone and reduce the viscosity of the reservoir oil at in-situ reservoir condition. The reservoir oil initially at 14.23cp at initial reservoir temperature and pressure was heated and reduced to a viscosity of 2cP making the oil mobile and amenable to flow. Results show recovery of the process before and after breakthroughs. CO2 breakthrough was realized after 221 days of the flooding process. Of the 2461.2 ft distance from the injection wells to the producer well, CO2 reached only a distance of 100 ft at breakthrough. Out of the 2.77 PV total volume of CO2 injected in the flooding process, 0.1222 PV of CO2 was injected as at breakthrough. The recovery efficiency result show that the displacement efficiency at CO2 breakthrough and at the end of the flooding process are 15.17% and 78.63% respectively while the areal sweep efficiency at CO2 breakthrough and at the end of the flooding process are 44.02% and 93.32% respectively. The low displacement and areal sweep efficiency at breakthrough were due to early breakthrough of CO2 which did not allow sufficient period of time for the CO2 to contact considerable portions of the reservoir given its viscous nature. Furthermore, at CO2 breakthrough time, the injected hot CO2 had no sufficient time to soak the reservoir and reduce the viscosity of the oil; as such only a small fraction of the in-situ oil became mobile. An overall recovery efficiency of 73.33% realized in the flooding process signifies favourable flooding design hence is recommended for the development and recovery of Niger Delta heavy oilfield.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Simulation Studies on Determination of Displacement and Areal Sweep Efficiencies for Hot CO2 Flooding in Niger Delta Heavy Oilfield
AU  - Jackreece Denovan Abili
AU  - Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa
AU  - Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe
AU  - Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme
Y1  - 2021/07/02
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13
T2  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
SP  - 24
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13
AB  - Recovery efficiency is very important in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes as it helps in the planning, design and selection of EOR methods that will be technically and economically feasible. In this study, Simulation on hot CO2 flooding is conducted using data from Niger Delta heavy oil reservoir. The compositional simulation process was carried out in ECLIPSE 300 compositional oil simulator. The recovery efficiency and injection calculations were modeled and simulated in Matlab. Numerical equations enabled the determination of the residual oil saturation and the consequent calculation of the injection and recovery before and after solvent breakthroughs. CO2 of 0.095cp viscosity was injected at pressure of 3500 psia and 200°F to heat up the reservoir at payzone and reduce the viscosity of the reservoir oil at in-situ reservoir condition. The reservoir oil initially at 14.23cp at initial reservoir temperature and pressure was heated and reduced to a viscosity of 2cP making the oil mobile and amenable to flow. Results show recovery of the process before and after breakthroughs. CO2 breakthrough was realized after 221 days of the flooding process. Of the 2461.2 ft distance from the injection wells to the producer well, CO2 reached only a distance of 100 ft at breakthrough. Out of the 2.77 PV total volume of CO2 injected in the flooding process, 0.1222 PV of CO2 was injected as at breakthrough. The recovery efficiency result show that the displacement efficiency at CO2 breakthrough and at the end of the flooding process are 15.17% and 78.63% respectively while the areal sweep efficiency at CO2 breakthrough and at the end of the flooding process are 44.02% and 93.32% respectively. The low displacement and areal sweep efficiency at breakthrough were due to early breakthrough of CO2 which did not allow sufficient period of time for the CO2 to contact considerable portions of the reservoir given its viscous nature. Furthermore, at CO2 breakthrough time, the injected hot CO2 had no sufficient time to soak the reservoir and reduce the viscosity of the oil; as such only a small fraction of the in-situ oil became mobile. An overall recovery efficiency of 73.33% realized in the flooding process signifies favourable flooding design hence is recommended for the development and recovery of Niger Delta heavy oilfield.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Jackreece Denovan Abili

Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa

Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe

Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme

Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria

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Jackreece Denovan Abili, Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa, Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe, Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme. (2021). Simulation Studies on Determination of Displacement and Areal Sweep Efficiencies for Hot CO2 Flooding in Niger Delta Heavy Oilfield. International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering, 9(2), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13

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Jackreece Denovan Abili; Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa; Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe; Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme. Simulation Studies on Determination of Displacement and Areal Sweep Efficiencies for Hot CO2 Flooding in Niger Delta Heavy Oilfield. Int. J. Oil Gas Coal Eng. 2021, 9(2), 24-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13

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AMA Style

Jackreece Denovan Abili, Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa, Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe, Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme. Simulation Studies on Determination of Displacement and Areal Sweep Efficiencies for Hot CO2 Flooding in Niger Delta Heavy Oilfield. Int J Oil Gas Coal Eng. 2021;9(2):24-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13,
  author = {Jackreece Denovan Abili and Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa and Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe and Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme},
  title = {Simulation Studies on Determination of Displacement and Areal Sweep Efficiencies for Hot CO2 Flooding in Niger Delta Heavy Oilfield},
  journal = {International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {24-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ogce.20210902.13},
  abstract = {Recovery efficiency is very important in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes as it helps in the planning, design and selection of EOR methods that will be technically and economically feasible. In this study, Simulation on hot CO2 flooding is conducted using data from Niger Delta heavy oil reservoir. The compositional simulation process was carried out in ECLIPSE 300 compositional oil simulator. The recovery efficiency and injection calculations were modeled and simulated in Matlab. Numerical equations enabled the determination of the residual oil saturation and the consequent calculation of the injection and recovery before and after solvent breakthroughs. CO2 of 0.095cp viscosity was injected at pressure of 3500 psia and 200°F to heat up the reservoir at payzone and reduce the viscosity of the reservoir oil at in-situ reservoir condition. The reservoir oil initially at 14.23cp at initial reservoir temperature and pressure was heated and reduced to a viscosity of 2cP making the oil mobile and amenable to flow. Results show recovery of the process before and after breakthroughs. CO2 breakthrough was realized after 221 days of the flooding process. Of the 2461.2 ft distance from the injection wells to the producer well, CO2 reached only a distance of 100 ft at breakthrough. Out of the 2.77 PV total volume of CO2 injected in the flooding process, 0.1222 PV of CO2 was injected as at breakthrough. The recovery efficiency result show that the displacement efficiency at CO2 breakthrough and at the end of the flooding process are 15.17% and 78.63% respectively while the areal sweep efficiency at CO2 breakthrough and at the end of the flooding process are 44.02% and 93.32% respectively. The low displacement and areal sweep efficiency at breakthrough were due to early breakthrough of CO2 which did not allow sufficient period of time for the CO2 to contact considerable portions of the reservoir given its viscous nature. Furthermore, at CO2 breakthrough time, the injected hot CO2 had no sufficient time to soak the reservoir and reduce the viscosity of the oil; as such only a small fraction of the in-situ oil became mobile. An overall recovery efficiency of 73.33% realized in the flooding process signifies favourable flooding design hence is recommended for the development and recovery of Niger Delta heavy oilfield.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Simulation Studies on Determination of Displacement and Areal Sweep Efficiencies for Hot CO2 Flooding in Niger Delta Heavy Oilfield
AU  - Jackreece Denovan Abili
AU  - Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa
AU  - Ifeanyi Michael Onyejekwe
AU  - Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme
Y1  - 2021/07/02
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13
T2  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
SP  - 24
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20210902.13
AB  - Recovery efficiency is very important in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes as it helps in the planning, design and selection of EOR methods that will be technically and economically feasible. In this study, Simulation on hot CO2 flooding is conducted using data from Niger Delta heavy oil reservoir. The compositional simulation process was carried out in ECLIPSE 300 compositional oil simulator. The recovery efficiency and injection calculations were modeled and simulated in Matlab. Numerical equations enabled the determination of the residual oil saturation and the consequent calculation of the injection and recovery before and after solvent breakthroughs. CO2 of 0.095cp viscosity was injected at pressure of 3500 psia and 200°F to heat up the reservoir at payzone and reduce the viscosity of the reservoir oil at in-situ reservoir condition. The reservoir oil initially at 14.23cp at initial reservoir temperature and pressure was heated and reduced to a viscosity of 2cP making the oil mobile and amenable to flow. Results show recovery of the process before and after breakthroughs. CO2 breakthrough was realized after 221 days of the flooding process. Of the 2461.2 ft distance from the injection wells to the producer well, CO2 reached only a distance of 100 ft at breakthrough. Out of the 2.77 PV total volume of CO2 injected in the flooding process, 0.1222 PV of CO2 was injected as at breakthrough. The recovery efficiency result show that the displacement efficiency at CO2 breakthrough and at the end of the flooding process are 15.17% and 78.63% respectively while the areal sweep efficiency at CO2 breakthrough and at the end of the flooding process are 44.02% and 93.32% respectively. The low displacement and areal sweep efficiency at breakthrough were due to early breakthrough of CO2 which did not allow sufficient period of time for the CO2 to contact considerable portions of the reservoir given its viscous nature. Furthermore, at CO2 breakthrough time, the injected hot CO2 had no sufficient time to soak the reservoir and reduce the viscosity of the oil; as such only a small fraction of the in-situ oil became mobile. An overall recovery efficiency of 73.33% realized in the flooding process signifies favourable flooding design hence is recommended for the development and recovery of Niger Delta heavy oilfield.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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