Experimental Study on the Suitability of Local Egg Shell and Snail Shell as Additives for Drilling Mud pH Control

Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12

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Experimental Study on the Suitability of Local Egg Shell and Snail Shell as Additives for Drilling Mud pH Control

Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael

Published in International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 2)

Received: 13 January 2023 Accepted: 14 February 2023 Published: 24 April 2023

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Abstract

Millions of dollars associated with importation cost has and is still been spent by oil companies carrying out drilling operations in Nigeria, and this if allow to continue unchecked, does not align with the country policy of promoting local content in the oil and gas industry. This study experimentally evaluates the suitability of local eggshell and snail shell ash for use as pH control additives in water base mud by comparing it to that of conventional chemical additives (sodium hydroxide, NaoH) that served as the control experiment. The major drilling mud properties considered in this study are mud density, pH value and rheological properties, with additives concentration of 0.2g to 1.0g each. The result from the study shows that mud prepared with eggshell has a slight increase in density (8.70 – 8.75ppg) while that of snail shell was higher (8.85 – 8.90ppg). These result for the eggshell and snail shell closely compares to that of the control and satisfies the API required minimum standard specification (8.65 – 9.60pp) for drilling mud. At the same concentration, the pH values of mud prepared with eggshell responded positively, compares to that of the control and was within the API required minimum standard specification (9.5 – 12.5) while that of snail shell was seen to give low pH values but was favourable at 1.0g concentration. The result for rheological properties (viscosity and gel strength) shows an improvement with an increase in the concentration of the samples for the eggshell and snail shell. Generally, from the obtained result in this study for all the evaluated mud properties, it is concluded that with respect to API required standard specification for drilling mud, that the eggshell is the most promising and has a good potential for drilling mud purposes when beneficiated in the right amount. This study recommends that government should support and encourage purposeful research on eggshell and snail shell for use as additives in drilling mud formulation with the sole aim of supporting the local content aspiration of the nation.

Published in	International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12
Page(s)	37-46
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Eggshell, Snail Shell, Rheological Properties, Drilling Fluid, Local Clay

References

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[6]	T. Ademiluyi., O. F. Joel., & A. K. Amuda. “Investigation of local polymer (cassava starches) as substitute for imported sample in viscosity and fluid loss control of water based drilling mud.”ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 6 (12), pp. 43-48, 2011.
[7]	I. L. Egun and M. A. Achadu. “Comparative performance of cassava to PAC as fluid loss control agent in water based drilling mud.” Discovery J., vol. (9), 36-39, 2013.
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[14]	O. E. Akhirevbulu., C. V. O. Amadasun., M. I. Ogunbajo., & O. Ujuanbi. “The geology and mineralogy of clay occurrences around kutigi central bida basin, Nigeria.” Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, vol. 3 (3), pp. 49-56, 2010.
[15]	S. Igbani., S. P. Peletiri., & S. U. Egba. “A study on the individual impact of cassava starch and hydroxyl propyl-modified starch on mud density.” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 29 (1), pp. 1-5, 2015.
[16]	M. Omotioma., P. C. N. Ejikeme., & J. L. Ume. “Improving the rheological properties of water based mud with the addition of cassava starch.” IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC), vol. 8 (8), pp. 70-73, 2015.
[17]	A. Akinade. “Beneficiation of Nigeria local clay to meet API standard specification for drilling fluid formulation, a case study of ABBI clay deposit.” International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Management., vol. 5 (3), pp. 16-28, 2015.
[18]	R. Muhammed., and O. Koyejo. “Enhancement of the rheological properties of bentonite mud using natural polymers.” Global Journal of Engineering and Technological Advances, vol. 7 (1). pp. 47-59, 2021.
[19]	C. W. Okologume and A. E. Akinade. “Comparative study of basic properties of mud prepared with foreign clay: A case study of Abbi clay deposit.” International Journal of Engineering and Technologies, vol. 8, pp. 61-71, 2016.
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[22]	S. G. Udeagbara., S. O. Ogiriki., F. Afolabi., & E. J. Bodunde. “Evaluation of the effectiveness of local clay from Ebonyi state, Nigeria as a substitute for bentonite in drilling fluids.” International Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering Research, vol. 3 (1), pp. 1-10, 2019.
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APA Style

Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael. (2023). Experimental Study on the Suitability of Local Egg Shell and Snail Shell as Additives for Drilling Mud pH Control. International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering, 11(2), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12

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ACS Style

Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael. Experimental Study on the Suitability of Local Egg Shell and Snail Shell as Additives for Drilling Mud pH Control. Int. J. Oil Gas Coal Eng. 2023, 11(2), 37-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12

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AMA Style

Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael. Experimental Study on the Suitability of Local Egg Shell and Snail Shell as Additives for Drilling Mud pH Control. Int J Oil Gas Coal Eng. 2023;11(2):37-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12,
  author = {Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael},
  title = {Experimental Study on the Suitability of Local Egg Shell and Snail Shell as Additives for Drilling Mud pH Control},
  journal = {International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {37-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ogce.20231102.12},
  abstract = {Millions of dollars associated with importation cost has and is still been spent by oil companies carrying out drilling operations in Nigeria, and this if allow to continue unchecked, does not align with the country policy of promoting local content in the oil and gas industry. This study experimentally evaluates the suitability of local eggshell and snail shell ash for use as pH control additives in water base mud by comparing it to that of conventional chemical additives (sodium hydroxide, NaoH) that served as the control experiment. The major drilling mud properties considered in this study are mud density, pH value and rheological properties, with additives concentration of 0.2g to 1.0g each. The result from the study shows that mud prepared with eggshell has a slight increase in density (8.70 – 8.75ppg) while that of snail shell was higher (8.85 – 8.90ppg). These result for the eggshell and snail shell closely compares to that of the control and satisfies the API required minimum standard specification (8.65 – 9.60pp) for drilling mud. At the same concentration, the pH values of mud prepared with eggshell responded positively, compares to that of the control and was within the API required minimum standard specification (9.5 – 12.5) while that of snail shell was seen to give low pH values but was favourable at 1.0g concentration. The result for rheological properties (viscosity and gel strength) shows an improvement with an increase in the concentration of the samples for the eggshell and snail shell. Generally, from the obtained result in this study for all the evaluated mud properties, it is concluded that with respect to API required standard specification for drilling mud, that the eggshell is the most promising and has a good potential for drilling mud purposes when beneficiated in the right amount. This study recommends that government should support and encourage purposeful research on eggshell and snail shell for use as additives in drilling mud formulation with the sole aim of supporting the local content aspiration of the nation.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Study on the Suitability of Local Egg Shell and Snail Shell as Additives for Drilling Mud pH Control
AU  - Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael
Y1  - 2023/04/24
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12
T2  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
SP  - 37
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12
AB  - Millions of dollars associated with importation cost has and is still been spent by oil companies carrying out drilling operations in Nigeria, and this if allow to continue unchecked, does not align with the country policy of promoting local content in the oil and gas industry. This study experimentally evaluates the suitability of local eggshell and snail shell ash for use as pH control additives in water base mud by comparing it to that of conventional chemical additives (sodium hydroxide, NaoH) that served as the control experiment. The major drilling mud properties considered in this study are mud density, pH value and rheological properties, with additives concentration of 0.2g to 1.0g each. The result from the study shows that mud prepared with eggshell has a slight increase in density (8.70 – 8.75ppg) while that of snail shell was higher (8.85 – 8.90ppg). These result for the eggshell and snail shell closely compares to that of the control and satisfies the API required minimum standard specification (8.65 – 9.60pp) for drilling mud. At the same concentration, the pH values of mud prepared with eggshell responded positively, compares to that of the control and was within the API required minimum standard specification (9.5 – 12.5) while that of snail shell was seen to give low pH values but was favourable at 1.0g concentration. The result for rheological properties (viscosity and gel strength) shows an improvement with an increase in the concentration of the samples for the eggshell and snail shell. Generally, from the obtained result in this study for all the evaluated mud properties, it is concluded that with respect to API required standard specification for drilling mud, that the eggshell is the most promising and has a good potential for drilling mud purposes when beneficiated in the right amount. This study recommends that government should support and encourage purposeful research on eggshell and snail shell for use as additives in drilling mud formulation with the sole aim of supporting the local content aspiration of the nation.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael

Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria

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APA Style

Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael. (2023). Experimental Study on the Suitability of Local Egg Shell and Snail Shell as Additives for Drilling Mud pH Control. International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering, 11(2), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12

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ACS Style

Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael. Experimental Study on the Suitability of Local Egg Shell and Snail Shell as Additives for Drilling Mud pH Control. Int. J. Oil Gas Coal Eng. 2023, 11(2), 37-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12

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AMA Style

Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael. Experimental Study on the Suitability of Local Egg Shell and Snail Shell as Additives for Drilling Mud pH Control. Int J Oil Gas Coal Eng. 2023;11(2):37-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12,
  author = {Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael},
  title = {Experimental Study on the Suitability of Local Egg Shell and Snail Shell as Additives for Drilling Mud pH Control},
  journal = {International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {37-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ogce.20231102.12},
  abstract = {Millions of dollars associated with importation cost has and is still been spent by oil companies carrying out drilling operations in Nigeria, and this if allow to continue unchecked, does not align with the country policy of promoting local content in the oil and gas industry. This study experimentally evaluates the suitability of local eggshell and snail shell ash for use as pH control additives in water base mud by comparing it to that of conventional chemical additives (sodium hydroxide, NaoH) that served as the control experiment. The major drilling mud properties considered in this study are mud density, pH value and rheological properties, with additives concentration of 0.2g to 1.0g each. The result from the study shows that mud prepared with eggshell has a slight increase in density (8.70 – 8.75ppg) while that of snail shell was higher (8.85 – 8.90ppg). These result for the eggshell and snail shell closely compares to that of the control and satisfies the API required minimum standard specification (8.65 – 9.60pp) for drilling mud. At the same concentration, the pH values of mud prepared with eggshell responded positively, compares to that of the control and was within the API required minimum standard specification (9.5 – 12.5) while that of snail shell was seen to give low pH values but was favourable at 1.0g concentration. The result for rheological properties (viscosity and gel strength) shows an improvement with an increase in the concentration of the samples for the eggshell and snail shell. Generally, from the obtained result in this study for all the evaluated mud properties, it is concluded that with respect to API required standard specification for drilling mud, that the eggshell is the most promising and has a good potential for drilling mud purposes when beneficiated in the right amount. This study recommends that government should support and encourage purposeful research on eggshell and snail shell for use as additives in drilling mud formulation with the sole aim of supporting the local content aspiration of the nation.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Study on the Suitability of Local Egg Shell and Snail Shell as Additives for Drilling Mud pH Control
AU  - Onyejekwe Ifeanyichukwu Michael
Y1  - 2023/04/24
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12
T2  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Engineering
SP  - 37
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7677
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ogce.20231102.12
AB  - Millions of dollars associated with importation cost has and is still been spent by oil companies carrying out drilling operations in Nigeria, and this if allow to continue unchecked, does not align with the country policy of promoting local content in the oil and gas industry. This study experimentally evaluates the suitability of local eggshell and snail shell ash for use as pH control additives in water base mud by comparing it to that of conventional chemical additives (sodium hydroxide, NaoH) that served as the control experiment. The major drilling mud properties considered in this study are mud density, pH value and rheological properties, with additives concentration of 0.2g to 1.0g each. The result from the study shows that mud prepared with eggshell has a slight increase in density (8.70 – 8.75ppg) while that of snail shell was higher (8.85 – 8.90ppg). These result for the eggshell and snail shell closely compares to that of the control and satisfies the API required minimum standard specification (8.65 – 9.60pp) for drilling mud. At the same concentration, the pH values of mud prepared with eggshell responded positively, compares to that of the control and was within the API required minimum standard specification (9.5 – 12.5) while that of snail shell was seen to give low pH values but was favourable at 1.0g concentration. The result for rheological properties (viscosity and gel strength) shows an improvement with an increase in the concentration of the samples for the eggshell and snail shell. Generally, from the obtained result in this study for all the evaluated mud properties, it is concluded that with respect to API required standard specification for drilling mud, that the eggshell is the most promising and has a good potential for drilling mud purposes when beneficiated in the right amount. This study recommends that government should support and encourage purposeful research on eggshell and snail shell for use as additives in drilling mud formulation with the sole aim of supporting the local content aspiration of the nation.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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