Health Outcomes of Backward Walking in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review

Justin Bwalya; Brian Chanda Chiluba; Loveness Anila Nkhata; Maureen Pakosh; Simon Himalowa; Martha Banda-Chalwe; Kristin Musselman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15

Health Outcomes of Backward Walking in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review

Justin Bwalya, Brian Chanda Chiluba, Loveness Anila Nkhata, Maureen Pakosh, Simon Himalowa, Martha Banda-Chalwe, Kristin Musselman

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 10, Issue 5)

Received: 22 September 2022 Accepted: 12 October 2022 Published: 28 October 2022

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

There has been growing interest in clinical use and research in backward walking (BW) exercise intervention in low back pain (LBP) in recent years. Studies have reported wide beneficial and potential positive impact on health related outcomes. This scoping review aimed to explore the health outcomes of BW in LBP and determine knowledge gaps for future studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were applied and a systematic literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases. Relevant articles were screened and assessed for eligibility using the Covidence web-based software. Data were extracted, summarized and appraised using the modified version of a Downs and Black checklist and the findings were reported narratively. A total of 3 articles were included in the final analysis of the present study of which 67% were findings India and 33% South America. All included studies revealed evidence of positive impact on physical dimension of health especially, reduction in pain intensity followed by increase in spinal muscle activity, strength and range of motion. None of the studies reported adverse effects. Evidence from this review corroborate that BW can positively impact health related outcomes in LBP. Limitation in literature and lack of strong methodological quality motivate for more and methodologically rigor studies in future research to better understanding the effects on other health dimensions and wider context.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15
Page(s)	234-241
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Backward Walking, Health Outcomes, Low Back Pain, Physical Exercise, Scoping Review

References

[1]	Wu, A., March, L., Zheng, X., Huang, J., et al., 2020. Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Annals of Translational Medicine, 8 (6).
[2]	Dufek J, House A, Mangus B, Melcher G., et al., (2011) “Backward walking: A possible active exercise for low back pain reduction and enhanced function in athletes,” Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 14 (2), pp. 17–26.
[3]	Hoogkamer, W., Meyns, P. and Duysens, J., 2014. Steps forward in understanding backward gait: from basic circuits to rehabilitation. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 42 (1), pp. 23-29.
[4]	Manisha R., (2020). Retrowalking: Can it comprise in regular Physiotherapy rehabilitation protocol? “Miraj Medical Centre’s Journal of Physiotherapy 2020 VOL 2 ISSUE 1 www.mmcjopt.org,” 2 (1), pp. 5–7.
[5]	Daniele, M., Anna, S., Jacopo, D., Angela, M., 2020. Combined effects of backward treadmill training and botulinum toxin type A therapy on gait and balance in patients with chronic stroke: A pilot, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. NeuroRehabilitation, (Preprint), pp. 1-10.
[6]	Wang, J., Yuan, W. and Ann, R. (2018) “Effectiveness of backward walking training on spatial-temporal gait characteristics: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Human Movement Science, 60 (2), pp. 57–71.
[7]	DeMark, L., Fox, J., Spigel, P. M., Osborne, J. et al., 2019. Clinical application of backward walking training to improve walking function, balance, and fall-risk in acute stroke: a case series. Topics in stroke rehabilitation, 26 (7), pp. 497-502.
[8]	Abdel-Aziem, A., and El-Basatiny, M., 2017. Effectiveness of backward walking training on walking ability in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical rehabilitation, 31 (6), pp. 790-797.
[9]	Alghadir, H., Anwer, S., Sarkar, B. et al. (2019). Effect of 6-week retro or forward walking program on pain, functional disability, quadriceps muscle strength, and performance in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial (retro-walking trial). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 20, 159 (2019).
[10]	Rathi, M., Shaikh, F., Palekar, T., Gazbare, P. et al., (2017). Effect of Retro-walking on Mechanical low back pain in Women. International Journal of Scientific Research and Education, 5 (05).
[11]	Ansari, B., Bhati, P., Singla D., Zazish N., et al. (2019) “Lumbar Muscle Activation Pattern During Forward and Backward Walking in Participants With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain: An Electromyographic Study,” Journal of Chiropractic Medicine.
[12]	Logde, A. and Borkar, P. (2018) “Effect of retro walking on hamstring flexibility in normal healthy individual”. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 5 (3), pp. 71–73.
[13]	Tricco, Andrea C, Lillie, Erin, et al. (2018) “PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation”. Annals of Internal Medicine. pp. 467-473. ISSN 0003-4819.
[14]	Trac, H, Mcarthur, E, Jandoc, R, Dixon, N, et al. “Macrolide antibiotics and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia in older adults”. 2016 [cited 2021 Aug 31]; (7): 188. www.cmaj.ca/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1503/
[15]	Joshi, S., Vij S. and Singh, K. (2015) “Retrowalking : A New Concept in Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation” Shabnam Joshi Jaspreet Singh Vij Medical Science,” (2277), pp. 152–156.
[16]	Nkhata, LA., Louw, Q., Brink, Y., Mweshi, MM. (2016) “Review on Effects of Ergonomic Interventions for Nurses on Function, Neuro-Muscular Pain and Quality of Life.” Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine, 1 (2) pp. 53-60. https://doi:10.21617/jprm.2016.0102.11
[17]	Blake, C. and Plant, W. D. (2008) “Measures to Improve Quality of Life in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients,” Therapy in Nephrology & Hypertension, pp. 818–827.
[18]	Whitley, C. R. and Dufek, J. S., 2009. “Effects of backward walking on hamstring flexibility and low back range of motion”. International Journal of Exercise Science, 4 (3), p. 4.
[19]	Chen, Ze-Hua, Ye, Xiang-Ling D, et al. “Effectiveness of backward walking for people affected by stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials”. Medicine: July 02, 2020 - Volume 99 - Issue 27 - p e20731.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Justin Bwalya, Brian Chanda Chiluba, Loveness Anila Nkhata, Maureen Pakosh, Simon Himalowa, et al. (2022). Health Outcomes of Backward Walking in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review. Science Journal of Public Health, 10(5), 234-241. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Justin Bwalya; Brian Chanda Chiluba; Loveness Anila Nkhata; Maureen Pakosh; Simon Himalowa, et al. Health Outcomes of Backward Walking in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review. Sci. J. Public Health 2022, 10(5), 234-241. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Justin Bwalya, Brian Chanda Chiluba, Loveness Anila Nkhata, Maureen Pakosh, Simon Himalowa, et al. Health Outcomes of Backward Walking in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review. Sci J Public Health. 2022;10(5):234-241. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15,
  author = {Justin Bwalya and Brian Chanda Chiluba and Loveness Anila Nkhata and Maureen Pakosh and Simon Himalowa and Martha Banda-Chalwe and Kristin Musselman},
  title = {Health Outcomes of Backward Walking in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {234-241},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20221005.15},
  abstract = {There has been growing interest in clinical use and research in backward walking (BW) exercise intervention in low back pain (LBP) in recent years. Studies have reported wide beneficial and potential positive impact on health related outcomes. This scoping review aimed to explore the health outcomes of BW in LBP and determine knowledge gaps for future studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were applied and a systematic literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases. Relevant articles were screened and assessed for eligibility using the Covidence web-based software. Data were extracted, summarized and appraised using the modified version of a Downs and Black checklist and the findings were reported narratively. A total of 3 articles were included in the final analysis of the present study of which 67% were findings India and 33% South America. All included studies revealed evidence of positive impact on physical dimension of health especially, reduction in pain intensity followed by increase in spinal muscle activity, strength and range of motion. None of the studies reported adverse effects. Evidence from this review corroborate that BW can positively impact health related outcomes in LBP. Limitation in literature and lack of strong methodological quality motivate for more and methodologically rigor studies in future research to better understanding the effects on other health dimensions and wider context.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Health Outcomes of Backward Walking in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review
AU - Justin Bwalya
AU - Brian Chanda Chiluba
AU - Loveness Anila Nkhata
AU - Maureen Pakosh
AU - Simon Himalowa
AU - Martha Banda-Chalwe
AU - Kristin Musselman
Y1 - 2022/10/28
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15
DO - 10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15
T2 - Science Journal of Public Health
JF - Science Journal of Public Health
JO - Science Journal of Public Health
SP - 234
EP - 241
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7950
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15
AB - There has been growing interest in clinical use and research in backward walking (BW) exercise intervention in low back pain (LBP) in recent years. Studies have reported wide beneficial and potential positive impact on health related outcomes. This scoping review aimed to explore the health outcomes of BW in LBP and determine knowledge gaps for future studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were applied and a systematic literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases. Relevant articles were screened and assessed for eligibility using the Covidence web-based software. Data were extracted, summarized and appraised using the modified version of a Downs and Black checklist and the findings were reported narratively. A total of 3 articles were included in the final analysis of the present study of which 67% were findings India and 33% South America. All included studies revealed evidence of positive impact on physical dimension of health especially, reduction in pain intensity followed by increase in spinal muscle activity, strength and range of motion. None of the studies reported adverse effects. Evidence from this review corroborate that BW can positively impact health related outcomes in LBP. Limitation in literature and lack of strong methodological quality motivate for more and methodologically rigor studies in future research to better understanding the effects on other health dimensions and wider context.
VL - 10
IS - 5
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Justin Bwalya

Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Science, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Brian Chanda Chiluba

Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Science, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Loveness Anila Nkhata

Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Science, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Maureen Pakosh

Library & Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Canada
Simon Himalowa

Department of Physiotherapy, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
Martha Banda-Chalwe

Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Science, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Kristin Musselman

Department of Physical Therapy and the Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Justin Bwalya, Brian Chanda Chiluba, Loveness Anila Nkhata, Maureen Pakosh, Simon Himalowa, et al. (2022). Health Outcomes of Backward Walking in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review. Science Journal of Public Health, 10(5), 234-241. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Justin Bwalya; Brian Chanda Chiluba; Loveness Anila Nkhata; Maureen Pakosh; Simon Himalowa, et al. Health Outcomes of Backward Walking in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review. Sci. J. Public Health 2022, 10(5), 234-241. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Justin Bwalya, Brian Chanda Chiluba, Loveness Anila Nkhata, Maureen Pakosh, Simon Himalowa, et al. Health Outcomes of Backward Walking in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review. Sci J Public Health. 2022;10(5):234-241. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15,
  author = {Justin Bwalya and Brian Chanda Chiluba and Loveness Anila Nkhata and Maureen Pakosh and Simon Himalowa and Martha Banda-Chalwe and Kristin Musselman},
  title = {Health Outcomes of Backward Walking in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {234-241},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20221005.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20221005.15},
  abstract = {There has been growing interest in clinical use and research in backward walking (BW) exercise intervention in low back pain (LBP) in recent years. Studies have reported wide beneficial and potential positive impact on health related outcomes. This scoping review aimed to explore the health outcomes of BW in LBP and determine knowledge gaps for future studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were applied and a systematic literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases. Relevant articles were screened and assessed for eligibility using the Covidence web-based software. Data were extracted, summarized and appraised using the modified version of a Downs and Black checklist and the findings were reported narratively. A total of 3 articles were included in the final analysis of the present study of which 67% were findings India and 33% South America. All included studies revealed evidence of positive impact on physical dimension of health especially, reduction in pain intensity followed by increase in spinal muscle activity, strength and range of motion. None of the studies reported adverse effects. Evidence from this review corroborate that BW can positively impact health related outcomes in LBP. Limitation in literature and lack of strong methodological quality motivate for more and methodologically rigor studies in future research to better understanding the effects on other health dimensions and wider context.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download