Response of Newly Released Late Maturing Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia

Sisay Gurmu; Eshetu Yadete

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12

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Response of Newly Released Late Maturing Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia

Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete

Published in Science Research (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 7 August 2023 Accepted: 29 August 2023 Published: 8 September 2023

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Abstract

The study was performed at two sites around Jimma Agricultural Research Center (Melko) and Kersa districts, Jimma Zone, from 2017 up to 2019 main cropping seasons. Five Nitrogen fertilizer rates (69, 92, 115, 138 and 161 kg N ha^-1), and four plant population densities (66,666 (75*20cm), 53,333 (75*25cm), 44,444 (75*30cm) and 62500plants ha^-1(80*40cm two plants per hill)) were factorial combined and laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Late maturing maize variety BH661was used. The analysis of variance showed that all parameters of maize were significantly affected (p<0.05) by the main effects of N fertilizer rates and plant population densities except plant height but the interaction effects of the two factors had not significant effect (p>0.05) on any of the measured parameters. The highest grain yield of 6.75 and 6.87 t ha^-1 and above ground biomass yield of 15.36 and16.39 t ha^-1, were obtained from the highest N fertilizer rate of 161 kg ha^-1and highest plant population density of 66,666 plants ha^-1(75*20cm) respectively. This is due to the late maturing habit of the crop variety that highly responsive to the highest N rate. In conclusion, sensitivity analysis on coexisting changes in field prices of inputs and maize grain (±15%) showed that, N fertilizer rates are sensitive under prevailing market conditions and based the partial budget analysis, application of 161 N kg ha^-1 gave the highest net benefit (41800.72 ETB ha^-1) with acceptable marginal rate of return (MRR) (122.38%). Concerning main effect of plant population density 66,666plants ha^-1(75*20cm) gave the highest net benefit (47802.00 EtB ha^-1) with acceptable MRR (688.32%). Therefore, for a late-maturing maize varieties application of 161 kg N ha^-1(further research also needed because this treatment is sensitive to price fluctuation) with plant population density of 66,666 plant ha^-1(75*20cm) recommended for farmer’s under rain fed condition at Melko and Kersa district, Jimma zone and other similar agro-ecology of the Southwest of Ethiopia.

Published in	Science Research (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12
Page(s)	91-96
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

BH661, Maize, Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates, Plant Population Density

References

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[2]	Qian, C., Yu, Y., Gong, X., Jiang, Y., Zhao, Y., Yang, Z., Hao, Y., Li, L., Song, Z. and Zhang, W. 2016. Response of grain yield to plant density and nitrogen rate in spring maize hybrids released from 1970 to 2010 in Northeast China. The Crop Journal, 4 (6), pp. 459-467.
[3]	Shrestha, J. 2013. Effect of nitrogen and plant population on flowering and grain yield of winter maize. Sky J Agric Res, 2 (5), pp. 64-68.
[4]	Farnia, A., Mansouri, M., Farnia, A. and Branch, B. 2015. Study on Morphological Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars under Different Plant Densities.
[5]	Jackson 1973. Estimation of phosphorus content: Soil chemical analysis. New Delhi (India): Printer Hall.
[6]	Bremner, 1996. "Nitrogen-total," Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods, vol. 5, pp. 1085-1121.
[7]	Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. V., Watanabe, F. S. and Dean, L. A. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soilby extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA circular 939. 1-19p.
[8]	CIMMYT. 1988. From Agronomic Data to Farmer Recommendations: An Economic Traning Manual. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, Mexico, D. F. p. 79.
[9]	Shah, H., Sharif, M., Majid, A., Hayat, U. and Munawar, A. 2009. From experimental data to farmer recommendation: an economic analysis of on-farm trial of UMMB feed for milking animals in rain-fed Pothwar, Pakistan. Livestock Research and Rural Development, 21 (8): 1-8.
[10]	Sisay Gurmu, 2020. Determination of NP Fertilizer Rates and Plant Population Density on Yield and Yield Related Parameters of Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) in Southwestern Ethiopia. Agriculture and Food Sciences Research, 7 (1): 69-78.
[11]	Woldesenbet, M. and Haileyesus, A. 2016. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Decha District, Southwestern Ethiopia. Intl. J. Res. Granthaalayah, 4 (2), pp. 95-100.
[12]	Muhidin Biya, Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete, 2019."Determination of NP Fertilizer Requirement for Newly Released Medium Maturing Maize Varieties at Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia", International Journal of Research Studies in Science, Engineering and Technology, 6, no. 12, pp. 13-19.
[13]	Begizew Golla, Muhidin Biya, Lemi Yadessa, 2019. Effect of Plant Density and NitrogenFertilizer Rate on Grain Yield of Late Maturing Maize Hybrid BH661. Vol. 7 (7), pp. 577-588.
[14]	Tariku Beyene, Tolera Abera and Ermiyias Habte, 2018. Effect of Integrated Nutrient an agement on Growth and Yield of Food Barley Variety in Toke Kutaye District, West Showa Zone, Ethiopia.
[15]	Sisay Gurmu, Muhidin Biya and EshetuYadete, 2020. Effect of NP Fertilizer Rates and Plant Population Density on Late Maturing Maize Variety at Jimma and Buno-Bedele Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Journal of Environment and Earth Science,10 (6), 2020.
[16]	Bekele, H. 2000. Integrated nutrient management in irrigated wheat (Triticumaestivum L.). MSc Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharward, India.

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Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete. (2023). Response of Newly Released Late Maturing Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia. Science Research, 11(4), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12

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ACS Style

Sisay Gurmu; Eshetu Yadete. Response of Newly Released Late Maturing Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia. Sci. Res. 2023, 11(4), 91-96. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12

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AMA Style

Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete. Response of Newly Released Late Maturing Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia. Sci Res. 2023;11(4):91-96. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12,
  author = {Sisay Gurmu and Eshetu Yadete},
  title = {Response of Newly Released Late Maturing Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {91-96},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20231104.12},
  abstract = {The study was performed at two sites around Jimma Agricultural Research Center (Melko) and Kersa districts, Jimma Zone, from 2017 up to 2019 main cropping seasons. Five Nitrogen fertilizer rates (69, 92, 115, 138 and 161 kg N ha-1), and four plant population densities (66,666 (75*20cm), 53,333 (75*25cm), 44,444 (75*30cm) and 62500plants ha-1(80*40cm two plants per hill)) were factorial combined and laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Late maturing maize variety BH661was used. The analysis of variance showed that all parameters of maize were significantly affected (p0.05) on any of the measured parameters. The highest grain yield of 6.75 and 6.87 t ha-1 and above ground biomass yield of 15.36 and16.39 t ha-1, were obtained from the highest N fertilizer rate of 161 kg ha-1 and highest plant population density of 66,666 plants ha-1(75*20cm) respectively. This is due to the late maturing habit of the crop variety that highly responsive to the highest N rate. In conclusion, sensitivity analysis on coexisting changes in field prices of inputs and maize grain (±15%) showed that, N fertilizer rates are sensitive under prevailing market conditions and based the partial budget analysis, application of 161 N kg ha-1 gave the highest net benefit (41800.72 ETB ha-1) with acceptable marginal rate of return (MRR) (122.38%). Concerning main effect of plant population density 66,666plants ha-1 (75*20cm) gave the highest net benefit (47802.00 EtB ha-1) with acceptable MRR (688.32%). Therefore, for a late-maturing maize varieties application of 161 kg N ha-1(further research also needed because this treatment is sensitive to price fluctuation) with plant population density of 66,666 plant ha-1(75*20cm) recommended for farmer’s under rain fed condition at Melko and Kersa district, Jimma zone and other similar agro-ecology of the Southwest of Ethiopia.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Response of Newly Released Late Maturing Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia
AU  - Sisay Gurmu
AU  - Eshetu Yadete
Y1  - 2023/09/08
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 91
EP  - 96
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12
AB  - The study was performed at two sites around Jimma Agricultural Research Center (Melko) and Kersa districts, Jimma Zone, from 2017 up to 2019 main cropping seasons. Five Nitrogen fertilizer rates (69, 92, 115, 138 and 161 kg N ha-1), and four plant population densities (66,666 (75*20cm), 53,333 (75*25cm), 44,444 (75*30cm) and 62500plants ha-1(80*40cm two plants per hill)) were factorial combined and laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Late maturing maize variety BH661was used. The analysis of variance showed that all parameters of maize were significantly affected (p0.05) on any of the measured parameters. The highest grain yield of 6.75 and 6.87 t ha-1 and above ground biomass yield of 15.36 and16.39 t ha-1, were obtained from the highest N fertilizer rate of 161 kg ha-1 and highest plant population density of 66,666 plants ha-1(75*20cm) respectively. This is due to the late maturing habit of the crop variety that highly responsive to the highest N rate. In conclusion, sensitivity analysis on coexisting changes in field prices of inputs and maize grain (±15%) showed that, N fertilizer rates are sensitive under prevailing market conditions and based the partial budget analysis, application of 161 N kg ha-1 gave the highest net benefit (41800.72 ETB ha-1) with acceptable marginal rate of return (MRR) (122.38%). Concerning main effect of plant population density 66,666plants ha-1 (75*20cm) gave the highest net benefit (47802.00 EtB ha-1) with acceptable MRR (688.32%). Therefore, for a late-maturing maize varieties application of 161 kg N ha-1(further research also needed because this treatment is sensitive to price fluctuation) with plant population density of 66,666 plant ha-1(75*20cm) recommended for farmer’s under rain fed condition at Melko and Kersa district, Jimma zone and other similar agro-ecology of the Southwest of Ethiopia.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Sisay Gurmu

Department of Crop Agronomy and Physiology, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
Eshetu Yadete

Department of Crop Agronomy and Physiology, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete. (2023). Response of Newly Released Late Maturing Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia. Science Research, 11(4), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12

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ACS Style

Sisay Gurmu; Eshetu Yadete. Response of Newly Released Late Maturing Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia. Sci. Res. 2023, 11(4), 91-96. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12

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AMA Style

Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete. Response of Newly Released Late Maturing Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia. Sci Res. 2023;11(4):91-96. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12,
  author = {Sisay Gurmu and Eshetu Yadete},
  title = {Response of Newly Released Late Maturing Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {91-96},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20231104.12},
  abstract = {The study was performed at two sites around Jimma Agricultural Research Center (Melko) and Kersa districts, Jimma Zone, from 2017 up to 2019 main cropping seasons. Five Nitrogen fertilizer rates (69, 92, 115, 138 and 161 kg N ha-1), and four plant population densities (66,666 (75*20cm), 53,333 (75*25cm), 44,444 (75*30cm) and 62500plants ha-1(80*40cm two plants per hill)) were factorial combined and laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Late maturing maize variety BH661was used. The analysis of variance showed that all parameters of maize were significantly affected (p0.05) on any of the measured parameters. The highest grain yield of 6.75 and 6.87 t ha-1 and above ground biomass yield of 15.36 and16.39 t ha-1, were obtained from the highest N fertilizer rate of 161 kg ha-1 and highest plant population density of 66,666 plants ha-1(75*20cm) respectively. This is due to the late maturing habit of the crop variety that highly responsive to the highest N rate. In conclusion, sensitivity analysis on coexisting changes in field prices of inputs and maize grain (±15%) showed that, N fertilizer rates are sensitive under prevailing market conditions and based the partial budget analysis, application of 161 N kg ha-1 gave the highest net benefit (41800.72 ETB ha-1) with acceptable marginal rate of return (MRR) (122.38%). Concerning main effect of plant population density 66,666plants ha-1 (75*20cm) gave the highest net benefit (47802.00 EtB ha-1) with acceptable MRR (688.32%). Therefore, for a late-maturing maize varieties application of 161 kg N ha-1(further research also needed because this treatment is sensitive to price fluctuation) with plant population density of 66,666 plant ha-1(75*20cm) recommended for farmer’s under rain fed condition at Melko and Kersa district, Jimma zone and other similar agro-ecology of the Southwest of Ethiopia.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Response of Newly Released Late Maturing Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia
AU  - Sisay Gurmu
AU  - Eshetu Yadete
Y1  - 2023/09/08
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 91
EP  - 96
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20231104.12
AB  - The study was performed at two sites around Jimma Agricultural Research Center (Melko) and Kersa districts, Jimma Zone, from 2017 up to 2019 main cropping seasons. Five Nitrogen fertilizer rates (69, 92, 115, 138 and 161 kg N ha-1), and four plant population densities (66,666 (75*20cm), 53,333 (75*25cm), 44,444 (75*30cm) and 62500plants ha-1(80*40cm two plants per hill)) were factorial combined and laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Late maturing maize variety BH661was used. The analysis of variance showed that all parameters of maize were significantly affected (p0.05) on any of the measured parameters. The highest grain yield of 6.75 and 6.87 t ha-1 and above ground biomass yield of 15.36 and16.39 t ha-1, were obtained from the highest N fertilizer rate of 161 kg ha-1 and highest plant population density of 66,666 plants ha-1(75*20cm) respectively. This is due to the late maturing habit of the crop variety that highly responsive to the highest N rate. In conclusion, sensitivity analysis on coexisting changes in field prices of inputs and maize grain (±15%) showed that, N fertilizer rates are sensitive under prevailing market conditions and based the partial budget analysis, application of 161 N kg ha-1 gave the highest net benefit (41800.72 ETB ha-1) with acceptable marginal rate of return (MRR) (122.38%). Concerning main effect of plant population density 66,666plants ha-1 (75*20cm) gave the highest net benefit (47802.00 EtB ha-1) with acceptable MRR (688.32%). Therefore, for a late-maturing maize varieties application of 161 kg N ha-1(further research also needed because this treatment is sensitive to price fluctuation) with plant population density of 66,666 plant ha-1(75*20cm) recommended for farmer’s under rain fed condition at Melko and Kersa district, Jimma zone and other similar agro-ecology of the Southwest of Ethiopia.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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