Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire

Toure Irafiala

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire

Toure Irafiala

Published in World Journal of Public Health (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 20 April 2020 Accepted: 30 December 2020 Published: 19 January 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Since 2000 the International Community has focused on the promotion of women with actions and recommendations on gender equality between men and women and empower women. On closer analysis, Millennium Development Goal does not explain the status of women in reproducing society through heterosexuality in which women are in a position of power. The theoretical debate on heterosexuality feeds two contradictory positions, one considering it as natural because of the natural state of the sexes, man and woman, and the other modulating its argument by a cultural construction. From the cases of observation and analysis of the "Famian Blâ" puberty rites of Baoulé Iffou and "Yikèè" of Toura, women are configured in heterosexual relationships. Women are recognized by society as queen mothers or social generators and are culturally and biologically empowered to procreate and sustain the human species. The cultural symbolism of pubertal rites is to confer girls and thus women a social status through heterosexuality. But heterosexuality falls into a form of cultural constructivism with the development of forms of sexuality supported by the promotion of human rights. Homosexuality and other forms of sexual practices undermine the reproductive status of society supported by cultural symbolisms rites. The cultural symbolism of pubertal rites is to confer girls and thus women a social status through heterosexuality.

Published in	World Journal of Public Health (Volume 6, Issue 1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Women, Health and Sustainable Development in Under Developed Country
DOI	10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11
Page(s)	1-5
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Woman, Rites, Heterosexuality, Cote d’Ivoire

References

[1]	UNESCO, EFAGMR and GLOBAL EDUCATION FIRST INITIATIVE (2014) Sustainable Development Begins with Education, How Education can contribute to the proposed post-2015 goals. Paris, 1-24.
[2]	Wellings K, Palmer MJ, Geary RS, et al. «Changes in conceptions in women younger than 18 years and the circumstances of young mothers in England in 2000–12: an observational study». Lancet 2016; published online May 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30449-4. Accessed 12 December 2020.
[3]	P. Awondo; P. Gishier; G. Reid; G.; A. Jaunait; A. Le Renard; E. Marteu (2012) «Homophobic Africa? Towards a More Nuanced View», African Studies Review, vol. 55, no 3, December 2012, p. 145-168.
[4]	S. Freud (2014) Three essays on sexual theory, Small Library, PAYOT, Paris.
[5]	L. Tin, L. Georges (2012) “The invention of heterosexuality” in HUMAN MAGAZINE SEXUAL IDENTITIES, Monthly, N° 235.
[6]	J. L. Loucou (2002) History of the Ivory Coast: peoples and ethnic groups, Editions NETER, Abidjan, 200 pages.
[7]	N. F. Kouakou (1983) "African scarifications and their transparency in socio-cultural affinities" in Annals of the University of Abidjan, Series F, Volume XI Ethnosociology, University of Abidjan, pp 13-25.
[8]	Tanoh, N. A. E. (2019) “Les déterminants sociologiques des risques accrus de la maternité précoce dans le District sanitaire de Daoukro/Région de Iffou au centre-est de la Côte d’Ivoire”, Thèse de Doctorat Unique Nouveau Régime en Socio-Anthropologie de la Santé, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire, 300 pages.
[9]	K. Konan (1978). Sculpture and the meaning of Baoulé art. In: Annals of the University of Abidjan, Series F, Volume VII, Ethnosociology: University of Abidjan; 33-35.
[10]	K. Konan (1983). The Akan aesthetic. In Annals of the University of Abidjan, Series F, Tome XI Ethnosociologie. University of Abidjan; 5-12.
[11]	A. Boa, I. Touré and N. F. Kouakou (2019). Rites, time and procreation among the Lobi of Bouna (Ivory Coast). In Kasa Bya Kasa Ivoirian Journal of Anthropology and Sociology; (42) 25: 18-30.
[12]	I. François-André and B. Holas (1963). The Toura, a mountain civilization from Côte d'Ivoire. In: Archives of sociology of religions; 15: 186.
[13]	Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (2008). Teacher training to promote the abandonment of female genital mutilation: collection of reading notes on female genital mutilation (FGM). Second Edition, Burkina Faso; 1-142.
[14]	UNFPA (2014). "Pregnancy among school-aged adolescents in Côte d'Ivoire: the government and UNFPA are tackling the scourge". [http://wcaro.unfpa.org/fr/news/pregnancy-at-teen-girls-scolaris%C3%A9es-en-c%C3%B4te-d%E2%80%99ivoire-le-government-et-l%E2%80%99unfpa-s] October 15, 2017.
[15]	N. A. N'Doumy (2007). "Procreation, symbolism and reproductive health in Black Africa south of the Sahara: the case of the Baoulé group in Côte d'Ivoire", Thesis of State Doctorate Ès-Letter and Human Sciences Humaines, Bouaké, University OUATTARA (Formerly Bouaké University).
[16]	L. R. A. Oulaye (2019) “Attempts at visualization and self-fulfillment of the Ivorian FSF” in REVUE LE CAÎLCEDRAT Canadian Review of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences, N008, Les Editions Différance Pérenne, Quebec, Canada, pp 71-84.
[17]	UNESCO, IEA TIMSS. Measuring global education goals: How TIMSS help Monotoring progress Towards Sustainable Development Goal 4 Using TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study). Paris, 2019; 1-16.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Toure Irafiala. (2021). Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire. World Journal of Public Health, 6(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Toure Irafiala. Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire. World J. Public Health 2021, 6(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Toure Irafiala. Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire. World J Public Health. 2021;6(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11,
  author = {Toure Irafiala},
  title = {Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire},
  journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20210601.11},
  abstract = {Since 2000 the International Community has focused on the promotion of women with actions and recommendations on gender equality between men and women and empower women. On closer analysis, Millennium Development Goal does not explain the status of women in reproducing society through heterosexuality in which women are in a position of power. The theoretical debate on heterosexuality feeds two contradictory positions, one considering it as natural because of the natural state of the sexes, man and woman, and the other modulating its argument by a cultural construction. From the cases of observation and analysis of the "Famian Blâ" puberty rites of Baoulé Iffou and "Yikèè" of Toura, women are configured in heterosexual relationships. Women are recognized by society as queen mothers or social generators and are culturally and biologically empowered to procreate and sustain the human species. The cultural symbolism of pubertal rites is to confer girls and thus women a social status through heterosexuality. But heterosexuality falls into a form of cultural constructivism with the development of forms of sexuality supported by the promotion of human rights. Homosexuality and other forms of sexual practices undermine the reproductive status of society supported by cultural symbolisms rites. The cultural symbolism of pubertal rites is to confer girls and thus women a social status through heterosexuality.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire
AU  - Toure Irafiala
Y1  - 2021/01/19
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11
T2  - World Journal of Public Health
JF  - World Journal of Public Health
JO  - World Journal of Public Health
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-6059
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11
AB  - Since 2000 the International Community has focused on the promotion of women with actions and recommendations on gender equality between men and women and empower women. On closer analysis, Millennium Development Goal does not explain the status of women in reproducing society through heterosexuality in which women are in a position of power. The theoretical debate on heterosexuality feeds two contradictory positions, one considering it as natural because of the natural state of the sexes, man and woman, and the other modulating its argument by a cultural construction. From the cases of observation and analysis of the "Famian Blâ" puberty rites of Baoulé Iffou and "Yikèè" of Toura, women are configured in heterosexual relationships. Women are recognized by society as queen mothers or social generators and are culturally and biologically empowered to procreate and sustain the human species. The cultural symbolism of pubertal rites is to confer girls and thus women a social status through heterosexuality. But heterosexuality falls into a form of cultural constructivism with the development of forms of sexuality supported by the promotion of human rights. Homosexuality and other forms of sexual practices undermine the reproductive status of society supported by cultural symbolisms rites. The cultural symbolism of pubertal rites is to confer girls and thus women a social status through heterosexuality.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Toure Irafiala

Communication and Change Organization Laboratory, University Alassane Ouattara, Bouake, Cote d’Ivoire

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Toure Irafiala. (2021). Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire. World Journal of Public Health, 6(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Toure Irafiala. Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire. World J. Public Health 2021, 6(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Toure Irafiala. Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire. World J Public Health. 2021;6(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11,
  author = {Toure Irafiala},
  title = {Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire},
  journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20210601.11},
  abstract = {Since 2000 the International Community has focused on the promotion of women with actions and recommendations on gender equality between men and women and empower women. On closer analysis, Millennium Development Goal does not explain the status of women in reproducing society through heterosexuality in which women are in a position of power. The theoretical debate on heterosexuality feeds two contradictory positions, one considering it as natural because of the natural state of the sexes, man and woman, and the other modulating its argument by a cultural construction. From the cases of observation and analysis of the "Famian Blâ" puberty rites of Baoulé Iffou and "Yikèè" of Toura, women are configured in heterosexual relationships. Women are recognized by society as queen mothers or social generators and are culturally and biologically empowered to procreate and sustain the human species. The cultural symbolism of pubertal rites is to confer girls and thus women a social status through heterosexuality. But heterosexuality falls into a form of cultural constructivism with the development of forms of sexuality supported by the promotion of human rights. Homosexuality and other forms of sexual practices undermine the reproductive status of society supported by cultural symbolisms rites. The cultural symbolism of pubertal rites is to confer girls and thus women a social status through heterosexuality.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire
AU  - Toure Irafiala
Y1  - 2021/01/19
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11
T2  - World Journal of Public Health
JF  - World Journal of Public Health
JO  - World Journal of Public Health
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-6059
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20210601.11
AB  - Since 2000 the International Community has focused on the promotion of women with actions and recommendations on gender equality between men and women and empower women. On closer analysis, Millennium Development Goal does not explain the status of women in reproducing society through heterosexuality in which women are in a position of power. The theoretical debate on heterosexuality feeds two contradictory positions, one considering it as natural because of the natural state of the sexes, man and woman, and the other modulating its argument by a cultural construction. From the cases of observation and analysis of the "Famian Blâ" puberty rites of Baoulé Iffou and "Yikèè" of Toura, women are configured in heterosexual relationships. Women are recognized by society as queen mothers or social generators and are culturally and biologically empowered to procreate and sustain the human species. The cultural symbolism of pubertal rites is to confer girls and thus women a social status through heterosexuality. But heterosexuality falls into a form of cultural constructivism with the development of forms of sexuality supported by the promotion of human rights. Homosexuality and other forms of sexual practices undermine the reproductive status of society supported by cultural symbolisms rites. The cultural symbolism of pubertal rites is to confer girls and thus women a social status through heterosexuality.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download