Advances in Data, Methods, Models and Their Applications in Oil/Gas Exploration

Said GACI, Olga HACHAY  © by the authors

ISBN: 978-1-940366-20-3
Published Date: December, 2014
Pages: 382
Paperback: $120
Publisher: Science Publishing Group
To purchase hard copies of this book, please email: book@sciencepublishinggroup.com
Book Description

Nowadays, the decrease in the world oil/gas reserves is a major challenge for both energy producers and consumers. Therefore, an aggressive exploration and production strategies are highly requested to sustain the world energy production level. In this view, the aim of this book is to present the newest advances in Oil/Gas exploration, and to make wider audience of geoscientists aware of these developments.

This book covers several topics of Oil/Gas research. Chapter 1 presents a type of unconventional reservoirs, which are specifically shale gas reservoirs, with their associated exploration and production techniques. Chapter 2 suggests a new exploration procedure using the knowledge of the Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAE’s) distribution maps so as to delineate the main source rocks existence and thus contribute to improve new petroleum systems.

A Bayesian facies estimation for detecting high quality parts of hydrocarbon reservoirs is discussed in Chapter 3 and a case study from an Iranian carbonate reservoir is reviewed, while applications of seismic attributes for hydrocarbon reservoirs detection and characterization on datasets taken from different international basins (Blackfoot, Canada; Boonsville field, South Texas) are documented in Chapter 4. As regards seismic data processing, Chapter 5 focuses on using radial basis function artificial neural networks for the removal of random noise and the inversion of 2D-seismic data recorded in Southern Algeria.

Regarding well log data, Chapters 6 and 7 illustrates the analysis of heterogeneities from Algerian datasets using the local fractal model and the Empirical Mode Decomposition, respectively. In addition, Chapter 8 proposes a new approach based on Hilbert-Huang transform to investigate multi-scale features of the recorded logs, with an application on KTB (Germany) borehole data.

Chapter 9 presents new ideas of developing a new method of an active electromagnetic induction and a seismic monitoring in oil saturated media, while Chapter 10 shows a modelling of seismic-electromagnetic processes in hierarchic structures, linked with seismic-tectonic activity. And utlitametly, the use of the theory of open dynamical systems in research and the analysis of the behavior of the rock massif and oil saturated inclusions are given in Chapter 11.

We hope you will appreciate this book.

Author Introduction

Said GACI received the Diploma in geophysical engineering and the Magister degree in petroleum economics and strategic management from the Algerian Petroleum Institute, Boumerdés, Algeria, in 1997 and 2004, respectively, and the Magister and Ph.D. degrees in geophysics from the University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria, in 2002 and 2011, respectively. He is currently a Senior Geophysicist with the Division Exploration, Sonatrach, Boumerdés. His research interests include the application of signal processing and pattern recognition techniques in geosciences.

Olga HACHAY received the Ph.D. degree in geophysics from the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, in 1979, and eaned the title of Professor in geophysics from Moscow State University (Geological Faculty), Moscow, Russia, in 1994. Prof. Hachay is the leading scientific researcher of the Institute of Geophysics Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences in the frame of the laboratory of borehole geophysics since 2008. She is involved in many research projects and has published several papers in reputed journals.

Table of Contents
  • The Whole Book

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  • Front Matter

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  • Chapter 1 Shale Gas: An Unconventional Gas Reservoir

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    1. 1.1 Global Shale Gas Initiative (GSGI)
    2. 1.2 Nonlinear Seismic Imaging
    3. 1.3 Shale-Inherent Heterogeneity and Anisotropy
    4. 1.4 Azimuthal Anisotropic Seismic Signal Processing
    5. 1.5 Hydraulic Fracturing
    6. 1.6 Nano-Proppants Applications in Hydraulic Fracturing
    7. 1.7 Viscous Flow and Diffusion
    8. 1.8 Conclusions
  • Chapter 2 Optimizing Exploration Procedure Using Oceanic Anoxic Events as New Tools for Hydrocarbon Strategy in Tunisia

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    1. 2.1 Introduction
    2. 2.1.1 General Summary
    3. 2.1.2 Oceanic Anoxic Events during the Mesozoic and Organic-Rich Deposits in Tunisia
    4. 2.2 Geological Setting
    5. 2.3 Material and Methods
    6. 2.4 A Review of the Main Mesozoic Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAE’s) in Tunisia
    7. 2.4.1 Early Toarcian Anoxic Event (T-OAE)
    8. 2.4.2 Callovian Anoxic Event (C-OAE)
    9. 2.4.3 The Late Hauterivian Faraoni Anoxic Event
    10. 2.4.4 Early Aptian Selli Event
    11. 2.4.5 Albian Anoxic Events
    12. 2.4.6 Cenomanian-Turonian Anoxic Event OAE-2
    13. 2.5 Basin Modeling and Integration of Dataset
    14. 2.5.1 Basin Modeling
    15. 2.5.2 Case Study: The Gulf of Tunis
    16. 2.5.3 An Application of the New Concept Presented in this Paper in Order to Optimize the Exploration Procedure
    17. 2.6 Comparison Between Prospect-Related to Seismic Interpretation and Prospect-Related to Basin Modeling
    18. 2.7 Geostatistical Tool and Optimizing the Basin Modeling
    19. 2.8 Conclusion
  • Chapter 3 Detection of High Quality Parts of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs Using Bayesian Facies Estimation: A Case Study on a Carbonate Reservoir from Iran

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    1. 3.1 Introduction
    2. 3.2 Methodology of Bayesian Facies Inversion
    3. 3.2.1 Bayesian Linearized AVO Inversion
    4. 3.2.2 Statistical Petrophysical Modelling
    5. 3.2.3 Probabilistic Up-Scaling
    6. 3.2.4 Facies Classification a Prior Model
    7. 3.2.5 General Relation
    8. 3.3 General Geology and Data
    9. 3.4 Carbonate Reservoir Parameters
    10. 3.5 Implementation of Bayesian Facies Estimation
    11. 3.6 Conclusions
  • Chapter 4 Seismic Attributes in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs Detection and Characterization

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    1. 4.1 Introduction
    2. 4.2 Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) in Reservoir Characterization
    3. 4.3 Interpretation of AVO Data
    4. 4.4 Limitations and Pitfalls of AVO
    5. 4.5 Spectral Decomposition in Reservoir Characterization
    6. 4.6 Short Window Discrete Fourier Transform (Transform Using Constant Size Windows)
    7. 4.7 Spectral Decomposition Using Continuous Wavelet Transform
    8. 4.8 Attributes Analysis and Application on Field Data
    9. 4.8.1 Case Study 1: Spectral Decomposition in Imaging Challenging Reservoirs
    10. 4.8.2 Case Study 2: Seismic Attributes in Illuminating a Thin Sand Channel Reservoir
    11. 4.9 Conclusion
  • Chapter 5 Application of Radial Basis Function Artificial Neural Networks in Seismic Data Processing

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    1. 5.1 Introduction
    2. 5.2 Artificial Neural Network Principles
    3. 5.3 Artificial Neural Network’s Training
    4. 5.4 Universal Approximation Capacity of ANN
    5. 5.5 Seismic Data Filtering
    6. 5.6 Seismic Data Inversion
    7. 5.7 Applications
    8. 5.7.1 Seismic Data Filtering by RBF
    9. 5.7.2 Seismic Data Inversion by RBF
    10. 5.8 Conclusion
  • Chapter 6 On Modeling Oil Borehole Logs Using Local Fractal Processes: A Case Study from Algeria

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    1. 6.1 Introduction
    2. 6.2 Theory
    3. 6.2.1 Local Regularity
    4. 6.2.2 Fractional Brownian Motion
    5. 6.2.3 Multifractional Brownian Motion
    6. 6.2.4 Pointwise Estimation of the Hölderian Regularity of mBm
    7. 6.3 Well Log Measurements
    8. 6.4 Geological Setting
    9. 6.5 Regularity Analysis Applied to Well Logs
    10. 6.6 Conclusion
  • Chapter 7 A Multi-Scale Analysis of Algerian Oil Borehole Logs Using the Empirical Mode Decomposition

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    1. 7.1 Introduction
    2. 7.2 EMD Algorithm
    3. 7.3 Well Log Measurements
    4. 7.4 Geological Setting
    5. 7.5 Results and Discussion
    6. 7.6 Conclusion
  • Chapter 8 A Hilbert-Huang Transform-Based Analysis of Heterogeneities from Borehole Logs

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    1. 8.1 Introduction
    2. 8.2 Theory
    3. 8.3 Geological Setting
    4. 8.4 Application on the KTB Velocity Logs
    5. 8.5 Conclusion
  • Chapter 9 A New Method of an Active Electromagnetic Induction and a Seismic Monitoring in Oil Saturated Media

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    1. 9.1 Introduction
    2. 9.2 Modeling of Seismic Field for Hierarchic Heterogeneous Media
    3. 9.3 Modeling of a Seismic Field in an Acoustic Approximation for Hierarchic Two Phase Heterogeneous Media
    4. 9.3.1 The Problem of a Sound Diffraction on a 2-D Porous Oil Saturated Heterogeneity Located in the J-th Layer of N-layered Medium
    5. 9.3.2 Comparison of Algorithms of a 2-D Modeling of the Seismic Field for the Cases of an Elastic and a Porous Liquid Saturated Inclusion in a N-layered Medium
    6. 9.3.3 Modeling of a Sound Diffraction on a 2-D Elastic Heterogeneity of a Hierarchic Type with an Inside Porous Inclusion, Located in a N-layered Medium
    7. 9.4 A New Method of Revealing of the Disintegration Zones in the Near Hole Space of Rock Massif of Different Matter Content
    8. 9.5 Conclusions
    9. 9.6 Phenomenon of Self-Organization in the Rock Massif by Man-Caused Action
    10. 9.7 Seism Acoustic Active Borehole Monitoring in Oil Saturated Massif
    11. 9.8 Conclusions
  • Chapter 10 Modelling of Seismic-Electromagnetic Processes in Hierarchic Structures, Linked with Seismic-Tectonic Activity

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    1. 10.1 Introduction
    2. 10.2 Research of Nonlinear Effects in an Energy Saturated Medium
    3. 10.3 New Paradigm of Mesomechanics
    4. 10.4 Comparison of Results of an Electromagnetic and a Seismic Monitoring
    5. 10.5 Conclusion
    6. 10.6 Mathematical Modeling and Comparison of a Seismic and an Electromagnetic Response for a Block Model
    7. 10.7 Modelling Seismic-Electromagnetic Processes in Hierarchic Structures
    8. 10.7.1 Introduction
    9. 10.7.2 Mathematical Modeling of Seismic Response for a Hierarchic Model
    10. 10.8 Conclusions
  • Chapter 11 Analysis of Seismic-Acoustic Data of an Active Space-Time Monitoring of a Geological Hierarchic Two Phase Medium from the Point of View of an Open Dynamical System

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    1. 11.1 Introduction
    2. 11.2 Analyses of the Phase Portrait of an Open Dynamical System
    3. 11.3 Algorithm of the Phase Portrait (or the Diagram Construction) Using Data of a Seismic- Acoustic Monitoring and Its Results
    4. 11.4 Conclusion
  • Back Matter

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