Determining Cutting Points of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Nurses to Measure Their Level of Burnout Online
Huan-Fang Lee,
Hui-Ting Kuo,
Cheng-Li Chang,
Chia-Chen Hsu,
Tsair-Wei Chien
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
1-8
Received:
19 December 2016
Accepted:
21 January 2017
Published:
24 February 2017
Abstract: This study is to determine cutting points for the Chinese version of the MBI-HSS and to design an online assessment tool that instantly measures a nurse’s burnout level. We illustrate (1) the traditional way for determining the cutting points of a scale when the binary classification groups was still known, and (2) the norm-reference approach without groups of binary classifications was used to determine the cutting points on three subscales for the MBIO-HSS. An online MBIO-HSS assessment APP for smartphones was incorporated with the cutting points to instantly display the level of burnout for nurses. The cutoff points of the MBI-HSS were ≤ 21 and ≤ 32 for the Emotional subscale, ≤ 23 and ≤ 30 for the Reduced Personal Accomplishment subscale, ≤ 6 and ≤ 12 for the Depersonalization subscale, and ≤ 15 and ≤ 17 (i.e., low, moderate, and high level) for the overall scores. An available-for-download online MBI-HSS APP for nurses was developed and demonstrated.
Abstract: This study is to determine cutting points for the Chinese version of the MBI-HSS and to design an online assessment tool that instantly measures a nurse’s burnout level. We illustrate (1) the traditional way for determining the cutting points of a scale when the binary classification groups was still known, and (2) the norm-reference approach witho...
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The Untold History of Neocolonialism in Africa (1960-2011)
Md. Shafiqur Rahaman,
Md. Rawshan Yeazdani,
Rashed Mahmud
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
9-16
Received:
13 January 2017
Accepted:
21 February 2017
Published:
14 March 2017
Abstract: After the Second World War, the imperialist trends of the eighteenth and nineteenth century began to decline. Through collective struggles, the Africans achieved independence from the whites. But though they attained freedom, they could not imagine the fact that it was just a treacherous exchange of power between the out-going masters and few of their faithful heirs. In the colonial period, the European rulers propagated that as the Africans had no culture and history of their own, it was their holy duty to civilize the native Africans. Thus, they regarded themselves superior to Africans whose culture they considered inferior, uncivilized, and savage. In the name of spreading civilization, they dominated, oppressed, tyrannized and persecuted the native Africans not only economically and politically, but also culturally. When the Europeans left, the Africans got political freedom, but the foul practice of imperialism did not end. It appeared in a new form namely neocolonialism which the scholars had branded as the worst form of imperialism. This camouflaged imperialist practice is turning Africa into a museum of acute poverty, hunger, corruption and famine. The paper aims at elucidating the effects of neocolonialism in Africa from four major perspectives– economic, political, cultural and literary.
Abstract: After the Second World War, the imperialist trends of the eighteenth and nineteenth century began to decline. Through collective struggles, the Africans achieved independence from the whites. But though they attained freedom, they could not imagine the fact that it was just a treacherous exchange of power between the out-going masters and few of th...
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