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State-of-the-Art in Abrasive Water Jet Cutting Technology and the Promise for Micro- and Nano-Machining
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
1-14
Received:
1 November 2016
Accepted:
16 December 2016
Published:
12 January 2017
Abstract: A long time ago, nature proved that even the hardest engineering materials change their shape and form when water is applied to them. The new shape formed by this phenomenon can be both valuable and/or attractive. In modern industry, water cutting technology is divided into two groups. Water jet cutting technology, which is cutting with pure water and abrasive water jet cutting technology, which uses water embedded with fine abrasive particles. Clean water jet cutting technology is suitable for “soft engineering materials” for instance paper, wood, textiles, food and plastic. It is extensively used technology in industries to cut almost everything from frozen chickens to one-use diapers. On the other hand, when “hard engineering materials” need to be cut, the addition of fine abrasive particles such as garnet allows one to cut almost any engineering material whether it be marble (as used in Al-Masjid Al-Haram, The Holy Mosque, in Makkah, KSA) or tool steel, and in thickness up to 200 mm. In this review paper, the primary objective is to highlight the state-of-the-art of the abrasive water jet cutting technology and the promise for micro- and nano-machining in modern industry.
Abstract: A long time ago, nature proved that even the hardest engineering materials change their shape and form when water is applied to them. The new shape formed by this phenomenon can be both valuable and/or attractive. In modern industry, water cutting technology is divided into two groups. Water jet cutting technology, which is cutting with pure water ...
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Modern Day Automation for Heat Exchanger Monitoring
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
15-19
Received:
21 September 2016
Accepted:
16 December 2016
Published:
21 January 2017
Abstract: Heat exchanger monitoring for efficiency & fouling is a considerable economic & technical concern for any process plant/industry, be it chemical, oil & gas or power. Heat Exchangers cleaning/repair forms the major part of the maintenance budget & its availability continues to be a major concern for operations. Non-availability of a Critical exchanger directly affects the production of the refinery unit. BUT traditionally it’s still ignored during engineering & draws little attention from process engineers. The purpose of this paper is to highlight heat exchanger performance related issues in brief & will detail the instrumentation / automation options to address these issues. The article will also include the various options available for each method of monitoring depending upon the site conditions, criticality & will also include the cost element. The paper will be focused on the different types of instrumentation schemes for effective monitoring including achieving these solutions through HART, FF, Modbus or Wireless sensors & multiplexers. Technological developments in this field will also be discussed in brief. Typical case implementation will also be discussed from the various solutions implemented during the vast experience gained working on various solutions provided in Fluor for different brown field & green field Refineries / Petrochemical units. Fluor’s Subject Matter Experts can develop algorithm for effective monitoring of various types of exchangers using the existing PCS or new PCS systems by utilizing their experience & customize it for specific units based on the discussions with the end user’s process/maintenance engineers & offline data available from past records. Economic model & its necessity for the ultimate result of reaping benefits by implementing effective maintenance schedule with correct timing & cleaning methodology.
Abstract: Heat exchanger monitoring for efficiency & fouling is a considerable economic & technical concern for any process plant/industry, be it chemical, oil & gas or power. Heat Exchangers cleaning/repair forms the major part of the maintenance budget & its availability continues to be a major concern for operations. Non-availability of a Critical exchang...
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Analysis of Solid-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Field for Shellfish Precooking Processing Machine
Xindan Zhang,
Xu Zhang,
Lianzheng Sun,
Jinshi Lu,
Xueheng Tao
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
20-27
Received:
5 January 2017
Accepted:
13 January 2017
Published:
10 February 2017
Abstract: A new type of shellfish precooking processing machine is designed. The corresponding three-dimensional solid model are constructed by use of SOLWORKS. It also introduces basic structure and working principle of shellfish precooking machine. Solid-liquid two-phase flow field for shellfish precooking processing machine is simulated by ANSYS FLUENT 15.0, which simulated the distribution of liquid flow and volume fraction of solid in the pot. The reasons of flow field distribution and the solid particle volume fraction of the liquid phase flow in the vertical and horizontal planes were analyzed under different mixing speeds. The results show that the solid-liquid two-phase flow field distribution is reasonable and turbulent region can be formed in the pot. The distribution of flow field and the texture properties of abalone were compared at three different speeds, and the more reasonable mixing speed was determined. The results of the analysis provide references for the optimization of mixer in the future.
Abstract: A new type of shellfish precooking processing machine is designed. The corresponding three-dimensional solid model are constructed by use of SOLWORKS. It also introduces basic structure and working principle of shellfish precooking machine. Solid-liquid two-phase flow field for shellfish precooking processing machine is simulated by ANSYS FLUENT 15...
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Supply Chain Network Design Optimization Model for Multi-period Multi-product Under Uncertainty
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
28-40
Received:
4 September 2016
Accepted:
13 September 2016
Published:
17 February 2017
Abstract: This research is a development of a stochastic mixed integer linear programming (SMILP) model considering stochastic customer demand, to tackle the multi-product SCND problems. It also considers multi-period, multi-echelons, products inventories, considering locations capacities and associated cost elements. The model represents both location and allocation decisions of the supply chain which maximize the total expected profit. The effect of demand mean on the total expected profit and the effect of the number of scenarios on the CPU time are studied. The results have shown the effect of customers’ demands for each product in each period on the quantities of material delivered from each supplier to each factory, the quantities of products delivered from each factory and factory store to each distributor, the inventory of each product in each factory and distributor, the quantities of each type of product delivered from each distributor to each customer in each period. The model has been verified through a detailed example.
Abstract: This research is a development of a stochastic mixed integer linear programming (SMILP) model considering stochastic customer demand, to tackle the multi-product SCND problems. It also considers multi-period, multi-echelons, products inventories, considering locations capacities and associated cost elements. The model represents both location and a...
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Real-Time Pricing and Energy Storage for Voltage Improvement in a Distribution Feeder
J. O. Petinrin,
M. A. Sanusi,
M. A. Tijani,
A. K. Adebayo,
M. O. Abolarin
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
41-46
Received:
13 September 2016
Accepted:
10 January 2017
Published:
24 February 2017
Abstract: Increasing demand on electrical energy coupled with lack of new distribution facilities create a potential threat that can eventually sprawl to jeopardize the distribution system reliability. The variability characteristics of wind energy sources present a fundamental problem to its smooth integration in the distribution feeders, in a large proportion. Energy storage (ES) systems and demand response (DR) technique have the potential to improve the flexibility of distribution network, by allowing two ways of freedom for the distribution network operator (DNO), to support mitigation of demand-supply balance issues, and thereby the share of renewable energy sources (RESs) or improve penetration levels of renewables. By shifting electricity supply and customer demand patterns, this paper applies real time pricing and energy storage not only to significantly increase the penetration of wind energy, but also to offer other important value to shifts demand to times of relatively high renewable energy resources and low load; and by storing energy during off-peak, with less line losses, and redispatching this energy when needed. The results show that real time pricing and energy storage can effectively provide demand-supply benefits to the distribution network and customers.
Abstract: Increasing demand on electrical energy coupled with lack of new distribution facilities create a potential threat that can eventually sprawl to jeopardize the distribution system reliability. The variability characteristics of wind energy sources present a fundamental problem to its smooth integration in the distribution feeders, in a large proport...
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Failure Investigation Report on Different Components of an Automotive Engine
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
47-51
Received:
6 January 2017
Accepted:
8 February 2017
Published:
1 March 2017
Abstract: This paper presents an investigation report of different components failure which affect the performance of an automobile engine. The premature breakage of a four cylinder diesel engine block, crankshaft, camshaft, crankshaft bearing, camshaft bush, engine oil pump was reported. It is found that the failure of each component having the same reason for its failure as reported from different place. Thus it affected the performance of the vehicle and it is very expensive for the customer to replace the damaged parts for several times. In this paper, we presented detailed analysis of the causes for the failure along with preventive suggestion to maintain the engine for better performance.
Abstract: This paper presents an investigation report of different components failure which affect the performance of an automobile engine. The premature breakage of a four cylinder diesel engine block, crankshaft, camshaft, crankshaft bearing, camshaft bush, engine oil pump was reported. It is found that the failure of each component having the same reason ...
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On the Study of Hybrid Riser with Integrated Tether for Extreme Offshore Conditions in the Gulf of Guinea
Francisca Amarachukwu Duru,
Chinwuba Victor Ossia,
John Chukwudi Uzoewulu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
52-59
Received:
20 December 2016
Accepted:
30 December 2016
Published:
2 March 2017
Abstract: This study presents the optimization of the hybrid risers in deepwater applications by the integration of a tether. It analyses the feasibility, impact and essence of attaching Polyester tether to the buoy of a conventional hybrid system using the Gulf of Guinea (GoG) wave conditions, and adopting a water depth of 1800m. The sensitivity of the convectional hybrid riser (CHR) and Tethered-Hybrid Riser system (THRS) were also analyzed and compared to observe its response with respect to effective tension and maximum von Mises stress. The findings reveals that the effective tension and stress experienced a 2.5% and 6.4% reduction for the fixed standing hybrid riser (FSHR) and flexible jumper, respectively; for the THRS when compared to the CHR configuration (with 10-years wave return period). The results also show that there should be appropriate vessel control in order to maintain the best response when in service over 10-year and 100-years extreme conditions. Hence, the Tethered Hybrid Riser System (THRS) yields a significant improvement when compared to the CHR.
Abstract: This study presents the optimization of the hybrid risers in deepwater applications by the integration of a tether. It analyses the feasibility, impact and essence of attaching Polyester tether to the buoy of a conventional hybrid system using the Gulf of Guinea (GoG) wave conditions, and adopting a water depth of 1800m. The sensitivity of the conv...
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Performance of a Gas Turbine Power Plant
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
60-69
Received:
23 January 2017
Accepted:
15 February 2017
Published:
2 March 2017
Abstract: Population of the world is increasing and so the demand of energy for domestic and industrial use. Worldwide efforts are being meet to produce energy from renewable resources but it is impossible to replace the fossil fuel resource of energy. Gas turbine remains the main energy converter of fossil fuel both for its liquid and gaseous states. This paper analyzes the performance of a unit of an actual power plant situated at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The power plant has G.E. gas turbine units which operate as simple gas turbine units at peak demand periods and as a part of combined power plant unit at other periods of operation. The performance of the unit has been evaluated from the actual data from the unit obtained around the year. The study reveals that for gas turbine cycle an increase in compressor inlet temperature increases efficiency of compressor whereas turbine efficiency decreases. Exit temperature of the unit increases with the increase in inlet temperature of compressor that results in enhanced pollution. The exergy and energy efficiencies of the whole unit show dependence on compressor inlet temperature. Plant efficiency and mass of steam produced increase with the increase in the turbine inlet temperature.
Abstract: Population of the world is increasing and so the demand of energy for domestic and industrial use. Worldwide efforts are being meet to produce energy from renewable resources but it is impossible to replace the fossil fuel resource of energy. Gas turbine remains the main energy converter of fossil fuel both for its liquid and gaseous states. This p...
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