Abstract: Timely initiation of breastfeeding tops the list of life-saving interventions for newborn health. Even though most mothers in Ethiopia breastfeed their babies, they do not always follow the recommendations of the "National Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding". A community-based cross-sectional study with internal comparisons was conducted between July and August 2019. A total of 444 mother-infant pairs were selected using simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify predictors of timely initiation of breastfeeding. The prevalence of timely initiation of breastfeeding was 53.4%. Institutional delivery (AOR=3.0; 95% CI 1.47, 6.13), advice/counseling during antenatal visits (AOR=3.52; 95% CI 1.81, 6.83) and postnatal counseling/advice (AOR=2.96; 95% CI 1.59, 5.5) were found to be positively associated with timely initiation of breastfeeding (p<0.05). Conclusions and Recommendations: The prevalence of timely initiation of breastfeeding was low. Several characteristics affect timely initiation of breastfeeding. Educational programs in health institutions and at the community level are recommended to correct traditional inappropriate breastfeeding practices and beliefs and to provide training to health professionals to promote appropriate and timely counseling during the antenatal and postnatal periods.Abstract: Timely initiation of breastfeeding tops the list of life-saving interventions for newborn health. Even though most mothers in Ethiopia breastfeed their babies, they do not always follow the recommendations of the "National Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding". A community-based cross-sectional study with internal comparisons was conducted b...Show More
Abstract: Carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, has remained a challenge in infectious disease management. Although several resistance mechanisms have been documented that neutralize the efficacy of carbapenems, the expression of carbapenemases is the most prominent. Carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae has been identified as a major public health threat because of the potential for rapid plasmid mediated spread of the resistance genes among bacterial species and resulting limited therapeutic options available. These pathogens could express resistance to almost all available antibiotics and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. A total of 225 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from wounds, urine, blood, sputum and cerebrospinal fluid were recruited. All isolates were screened for Carbapenem resistance using Ertapenem (10µg; Oxoid, England) according to CLSI guidelines. All non-susceptible isolates were then tested for phenotypic carbapenemase production using the Modified Hodge test (MHT). The MHT positive isolates were thereafter, subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction to detect the presence of blaKPC resistance gene. The study showed that 8.4% (19/225) of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were not susceptible to Ertapenem. Out of these, 6.2% (14/225) expressed carbapenemase production by the modified Hodge test. However, on molecular analysis, only six (6) of these isolates possessed the blaKPC gene giving a 2.7% genotypic prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase among the isolates. Critically ill patients are more likely to develop infections by blaKPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. It is therefore pertinent that the approach to prevention and control of infections by multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates must be multi-pronged to effectively counteract the various mechanisms that may be responsible. From control of prescribing and dispensing patterns, rational use of antimicrobials, institution of antimicrobial stewardship programs, optimization of infection prevention and control measures to effective surveillance; a well-coordinated approach is necessary to reduce the prevalence and spread of this pathogens since the blaKPC resistance gene is plasmid mediated and associated with high rates of both inter and intra-species transfer among bacteria.Abstract: Carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, has remained a challenge in infectious disease management. Although several resistance mechanisms have been documented that neutralize the efficacy of carbapenems, the expression of carbapenemases is the most prominent. Carbapenemase producing Kle...Show More
Abstract: Introduction: Global incidence of pregnancies among University students is increasing; and challenging in Universities of Ethiopia. There are a few studies on pregnancy experiences among university students in Ethiopia. The finding will be used by policy makers, additive of the existing knowledge and as a reference for future researchers. Objective: To assess magnitude of pregnancy experiences and associated factors among Hawassa University regular female students from May 1-15, 2019. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1-15, 2019 and 741 participants were selected using multistage sampling method from Hawassa University regular undergraduate female students. EPidata for entry and SPSS for analysis were used. Variables with p <0.25 on bivariate were used for multivariable analysis and p<0.05 were considered significant. Result: Magnitude of pregnancies experience among Hawassa University regular undergraduate female students was 98 (13.2%) (95% CI: 10.8, 15.7). Collage of Agriculture 3.76 (AOR= 3.76, 95% CI: 1.66, 8.50), Social Science and Humanity 2.63 (AOR= 2.63, 95% CI: 1.02, 6.81), and Natural and Computational science 3.41 (AOR= 3.41, 95% CI: 1.54, 7.54) times more likely to have pregnancy compared to college of Medicine and Health sciences. Married respondents were 2.39 (AOR=2.39, 95%CI: 1.54, 7.54) times more likely to have pregnancy compared to respondents who were not married. Respondents source of income was parent were 47% (AOR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.96) less likely to have pregnancy compared to respondents whose source of income were partner. Respondents who have history of using contraceptive were 75% (AOR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.44) less likely to have pregnancy. Conclusion: Magnitude of pregnancy experience was high among regular undergraduate female students of Hawassa University compared to other studies. Being non health colleges, married status, partner as a source of income and not having contraceptive usage history were statistically significant factors to have pregnancy. Non health colleges’ needs to be evaluated about their SRH information flow by the university.Abstract: Introduction: Global incidence of pregnancies among University students is increasing; and challenging in Universities of Ethiopia. There are a few studies on pregnancy experiences among university students in Ethiopia. The finding will be used by policy makers, additive of the existing knowledge and as a reference for future researchers. Objective...Show More
