Research Article
Piecewise Linear Multiple Change Point Modelling for Under-Five Child Mortality
Sukanta Chakraborty*
,
Soma Chowdhury Biswas
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
14-19
Received:
9 February 2024
Accepted:
23 March 2024
Published:
2 April 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jgo.20241202.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Using a piecewise linear multiple change-point model instead of more traditional survival techniques is more beneficial when dealing with mortality data. Utilizing this technique, the hazard model is estimated and the number of cut-point locations is found. Using various covariates, such as sociodemographic, biological, and proximate co-factors, this piecewise hazard model is fitted to the Infant Mortality Data of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Finding the change point and the impact of covariates on the hazard rate is done using the maximum likelihood estimation process. The parameter's significance is subsequently supported by the Wald test statistic. It turns out that the mother's educational status, religion, mother's age in years, the number of children they have ever had, currently breastfeeding, the size of the child, desire for more children, cesarean delivery, ANC visits, and birth orders are all significant factors. It is also discovered that the detected change point of the hazard rate is extremely important for the child until they reach the age of five. Through the various time cut points, it is found that a piecewise linear multiple change-point model is very important for under-five child mortality. Public health specialists, researchers, and clinicians can all benefit from this piecewise hazard model. One of the most crucial elements in lowering child mortality is time.
Abstract: Using a piecewise linear multiple change-point model instead of more traditional survival techniques is more beneficial when dealing with mortality data. Utilizing this technique, the hazard model is estimated and the number of cut-point locations is found. Using various covariates, such as sociodemographic, biological, and proximate co-factors, th...
Show More
Research Article
Prevalence, Antibiotics Susceptibility Profile of Listeria Monocytogenes, and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Millennium Health Center
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2024
Pages:
20-30
Received:
22 January 2024
Accepted:
2 February 2024
Published:
17 April 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jgo.20241202.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes serious invasive infections in pregnant women, resulting in disseminated fetal infections, abortions, and still-births. Although it causes a greater burden on pregnant women and their infants, the case in Ethiopia is overlooked, and there is a scarcity of data on L. monocytogenes, particularly in the southern parts of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and, antibiotics susceptibility of L. monocytogenes and its associated risk factors among pregnant women attending the Millennium Health Center, Hawassa, Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 pregnant women between May 30 and July 30, 2022. Socio-demographic data and 5 ml venous blood samples were collected from pregnant women using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate logistic regression was carried out then variables with p<0.25 were further analyzed by multivariate logistic regressions, p-values <0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes among pregnant women was found to be 11/203 (5.42%; 95% CI=2.88-9.38). L. monocytogenes was resistant to benzyl penicillin (90.91%) and meropenem (81.82%), but susceptible to ampicillin (90.91%). Raw meat (AOR=6.99; 95% CI=1.39-35.14), p=0.018), uncooked vegetables (AOR=6.62; 95% CI=1.04-42.30), p=0.046), unpasteurized milk (AOR=7.56; 95% CI=1.33-42.97), p=0.023) and fever (AOR=14.65; 95% CI=3.15-68.15), p=0.001) were significantly associated with L. monocytogenes infection. Conclusion: L. monocytogenes was resistant to benzyl penicillin, meropenem, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole but susceptible to ampicillin. Raw meat, uncooked vegetables, unpasteurized milk, and fever were significantly associated with L. monocytogenes.
Abstract: Background: Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes serious invasive infections in pregnant women, resulting in disseminated fetal infections, abortions, and still-births. Although it causes a greater burden on pregnant women and their infants, the case in Ethiopia is overlooked, and there is a scarcity of data on...
Show More
