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Multiple Micronutrients Versus Iron Folic Acid on Pica and Hemoglobin Levels Among Pregnant Women in Kenya
Betsy Chebet Rono,
Yeri Kombe,
Anselimo Makokha
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2018
Pages:
95-101
Received:
6 July 2018
Accepted:
25 July 2018
Published:
27 August 2018
Abstract: Pica is an indicator of low micronutrients in a pregnant woman’s health. Low micronutrients pose a great risk to an otherwise healthy pregnancy. A healthy pregnancy, results in a healthy mother and baby; the critical probability in every pregnancy. The aim of the study was to introduce multiple micronutrients to promote maternal nutrition and influence development in pregnancy health outcomes. Sub-populations at risk of nutritional deficiencies and provided opportunities for early intervention to support the known benefit of multiple micronutrients on pregnancy outcomes i.e. up to six weeks (42 days) post delivery. The variations on pregnancy health, pica and hemoglobin levels among the Multiple Micronutrients (MMs) and Iron Folic Acid (IFA) groups. This was a block randomized controlled study. The intervention arm received MMs while the control received the usual care of IFA. A structured questionnaire with open and closed ended questions was used. Focus group discussions were conducted using a semi-structured guide to collect the qualitative data on the effects of prenatal multiple micronutrients among the pregnant women. The study assumed equal variances based on the Levene’s test of >0.10 (f, 0.196, p=0.661). The difference in inter trimester weight gain means was 5.85 kgs for MMs and 5.52 kgs for IFA (t, 0.109, p=0.914), duration to resumption of household work was 7 days for MMs and 14 days for the IFA groups. The hemoglobin level increased by; 1.25 g/dl for MMs, and 0.45 g/dl for the IFA (t, 0.897, p= 0.376). Pica for stones was experienced among 55.6% of pregnant women; however there was no pica within 14 days among MMs enrollment, but persisted in the IFA group. The study demonstrated no significance in the importance of multiple micronutrients in increasing hemoglobin level (P,0.376), reduction of pica craving during pregnancy (P,0.176) and resumption of household duties (P,0.067) post delivery compared to those on Iron Folic Acid.
Abstract: Pica is an indicator of low micronutrients in a pregnant woman’s health. Low micronutrients pose a great risk to an otherwise healthy pregnancy. A healthy pregnancy, results in a healthy mother and baby; the critical probability in every pregnancy. The aim of the study was to introduce multiple micronutrients to promote maternal nutrition and influ...
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Stunting, Micronutrient Deficiencies, and Worm Infections Among Primary School Children at Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries in Asia and Africa: A Systematic Review
Fauzi Budi Satria,
Le Thi Huong,
Odilia Isabel Bermudez
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2018
Pages:
102-111
Received:
7 July 2018
Accepted:
2 August 2018
Published:
28 August 2018
Abstract: Most of stunting and children with micronutrient deficiencies lived in Asia and in Africa region. In many developing countries, any nutritional disorders are aggravated by some infectious diseases such as worm infections especially among children aged 5 to 15 years. The aim of this review study was to describe and compare the prevalence of stunting, micronutrient deficiencies, and worm infections prevalence among primary school children at low and lower-middle income countries in Asia and Africa from 2007 to 2017. The methodology of this research was systematic review, with target population is primary school children aged 6-15 years. The resources of this review study came from online and offline databases; included PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google and Google Scholars. Selected studies should be published journals from low and low-middle income countries in Asia and Africa in last 10 years. A total of 450 selected articles from the various resources were exported to Endnote. Then all the references were filtered by reading the tittles to exclude duplicate resources and the abstracts to exclude resources with unmatched criteria such as children’s age range. Remaining references then were appraised by using appraisal tool and extraction tools from JBI. All these steps were recorded in PRISMA flow diagram (figure 1). Finally, there were 57 of 450 references were selected in this review study. The result of this research showed the prevalence of stunting and micronutrient deficiencies among primary school children in low income countries was higher from Asia. Meanwhile, in lower-middle income countries stunting and micronutrient deficiencies prevalence among primary school children were higher in Africa. Different to stunting and micronutrient deficiencies, prevalence of worm infections in both income country groups was higher in Africa than in Asia. Based on the region, more stunting primary school children were found in Asia than Africa. In contrast, prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and worm infections were higher among primary school children from Africa. Based on income country group, prevalence of stunting was slightly similar in low and lower-middle income countries. On the other hand, prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and worm infections were much higher in primary school children from low income countries. In conclusion, this researched stated that primary school children in Asia and Africa have the same nutritional problems and economic level of a country can’t be a single variable to describe the burden of stunting, micronutrient deficiencies, and worm infections among primary school children.
Abstract: Most of stunting and children with micronutrient deficiencies lived in Asia and in Africa region. In many developing countries, any nutritional disorders are aggravated by some infectious diseases such as worm infections especially among children aged 5 to 15 years. The aim of this review study was to describe and compare the prevalence of stunting...
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Determinants of Vaccinal Incompletude in the Context of Implementation of Financing Based on the Performance in Bertoua Health District
Ka’aba Mongo Charles Josias,
Bassong Mankollo Olga Yvonne,
Assam Assam Jean Paul
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2018
Pages:
112-118
Received:
1 March 2018
Accepted:
27 March 2018
Published:
5 September 2018
Abstract: The immunization completion rate of children under 12 months remains low despite the implementation of Financing based on the performance in the Eastern Region of Cameroon. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of this vaccine incompleteness from 2013 to 2014. A transversal study with descriptive and analytical aim was carried out. A stratified 2-stage sampling was carried out on 309 parents of children and 89 health personnel. A factorial analysis allowed to obtain these children profile according to their situation of complete immunization. Multiple logistic regression was used to control the confounding factors and to establish associations between the variables. The final model was adjusted using chi-square tests and a P-value of 5% and 10% was used. Vaccine completive in children under 12 months of age was 44%. The average standard of living (P = 0.062), proximity to the health facility (P = 0.000), the distance of the populations from their health facility (P = 0.074), the recall of the appointment of the vaccination to the parents by the community relay (P = 0.031) Were significantly associated with vaccine incompleteness. 83.9% of health care providers do not appreciate the distribution of subsidies. No formal contract commits the community relay with the health facilities. District immunization coverage remains low despite the Financing based on the performance. The contractualization of community relays and the practice of good governance would contribute to improving the quality of immunization coverage.
Abstract: The immunization completion rate of children under 12 months remains low despite the implementation of Financing based on the performance in the Eastern Region of Cameroon. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of this vaccine incompleteness from 2013 to 2014. A transversal study with descriptive and analytical aim was carrie...
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Family Planning Use Among Women Attending a Health Care Facility in Rural Ghana
Adadow Yidana,
Alhassan Salifu Sharif
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2018
Pages:
119-124
Received:
7 August 2018
Accepted:
22 August 2018
Published:
19 September 2018
Abstract: Demand for and the use of family planning is fundamental in ensuring access to sexual and reproductive health care. Family planning in Ghana remains a delicate issue that is reluctantly accepted. This study was carried out to assess the use of family planning among women attending a health facility in Ghana. A descriptivecross-sectional study design was used involving 344 respondents, randomly selected for the study. A questionnairewas used in data collection and was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Majority of the respondents were between the ages of 25-35. Again, the majority was married; again, the majority was non-salaried workers. The majority had good knowledge of family planning, and many had used family planning services for up to 2 years. Almost 50% believed that the ideal time to use family planning services after childbirth is 1-3 months. Many claimed family planning worked effectively for them. Again, the majority received husbands support and approval for family planning services. Barriers to family planning were affordability, religion, and health worker attitude. The study concludes that family planning usage in the study area could be improved. The study recommends awareness creation on the relevance of family planning among women within the study community.
Abstract: Demand for and the use of family planning is fundamental in ensuring access to sexual and reproductive health care. Family planning in Ghana remains a delicate issue that is reluctantly accepted. This study was carried out to assess the use of family planning among women attending a health facility in Ghana. A descriptivecross-sectional study desig...
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Predictors of HIV Testing Positive Result Among Pregnant Women Attending Prenatal Clinics in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Jack Hyyombo Tambwe Kokolomami,
Patrick Kalambayi Kayembe
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2018
Pages:
125-130
Received:
9 August 2018
Accepted:
22 August 2018
Published:
27 September 2018
Abstract: Since it began in 2003, HIV/AIDS surveillance in Democratic Republic of the Congo has been mainly carried out among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. In addition to screening for syphilis and HIV, some demographic, behavioral, and obstetrical data are also collected. This work aimed to identify the factors associated with a positive HIV test result from the demographic and medico-obstetrical data collected at the time of surveillance-based HIV testing among pregnant women attending sentinel sites in DRC. The HIV surveillance database among pregnant women was obtained from the National AIDS Control Program of DRC. The association between the HIV test result and the factors studied was assessed by the adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR), through a logistic regression of HIV serology on these potential factors. From 2003 to 2013, 109,553 pregnant women were screened for HIV in the DRC surveillance sites. The regression of the HIV test result on the possible factors showed among others that: (i) primary or secondary education was associated with a higher odd of test positivity (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.13 - 2.03 and 1.41, 95% CI 1.05 - 1.89 respectively) compared to the higher/university level of education; (ii) the sexual debut before age 15 (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21 - 1.46) or between 15 and 17 years of age (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.28) was associated with a positive test result in comparison to age 18 and older; and (iii) the presence of an active syphilis infection was associated with a twofold increase in HIV positive test result odd (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1, 77-2.29). Primary prevention efforts against HIV infection in DRC should include delaying sexual debut, encouraging complete formal education of women, and preventing and adequately managing sexually transmissible infections.
Abstract: Since it began in 2003, HIV/AIDS surveillance in Democratic Republic of the Congo has been mainly carried out among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. In addition to screening for syphilis and HIV, some demographic, behavioral, and obstetrical data are also collected. This work aimed to identify the factors associated with a positive HIV t...
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