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Climate Variability and Small-Scale Farmer Adaptation Strategy in Setema-Gatira Area of Jimmaa, Southwestern Ethiopia
Girma Eshetu,
Tino Johansson,
Wayessa Garedew,
Tigist Yisihak
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
1-9
Received:
24 November 2017
Accepted:
11 December 2017
Published:
9 January 2018
Abstract: This study examines rainfall trends, variability and small-scale farmer adaptation strategies to climate change in setema-Gatira area of Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia. In this study, the trends and variability of rainfall were analyzed for Setema and Gatira meteorological stations. Daily rainfall data for two stations were obtained from National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia. Mann-Kendall’s test was employed for a rainfall trend analysis. Standardized rainfall anomaly index, rainfall concentration index and coefficient of variation were used as descriptors of rainfall variability. The coping mechanism was analyzed using means and frequency. The trend analysis revealed decreasing rainfall trend in Setema and increasing trend in Gatira. However, rainfall trends were not statistically significant (p<0.05). The coefficient variation of the study area for Setema was (CV=23%), while for Gatira it was (CV=8%) which showed lower inter-annual variability. The rainfall concentration index revealed that 35% of years with values of PCI >16 in setema which indicate poor monthly distribution. Monthly rainfall concentration range from moderate to high and total rainfall of the study area concentrated in ½ of the period. The standardized anomalies of annual rainfall revealed negative anomalies 42% at Setema and 50% of years at Gatira. All most in all stations annual rainfall has shown negative anomalies for much of the 1983/4 and 1994. Selling livestock and changing farming practices was the major response to climate variability in the area. Present study only showed local level rainfall trend and variability analysis, so future study should include watershed or regional levels.
Abstract: This study examines rainfall trends, variability and small-scale farmer adaptation strategies to climate change in setema-Gatira area of Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia. In this study, the trends and variability of rainfall were analyzed for Setema and Gatira meteorological stations. Daily rainfall data for two stations were obtained from National Met...
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Isolation and Characterization of Protease Producing Bacteria from Soil, in Arba Minch University, Abaya Campus
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
10-14
Received:
8 June 2017
Accepted:
23 June 2017
Published:
15 January 2018
Abstract: Microbes are ubiquitous and live in familiar settings such as soil, water, food and animal intestines as well as in more extreme setting such as rocks, glaciers, hot springs and deep-sea vents. They are essential component of the biodiversity as they account for 50% of the living biomass of this planet. The aim of this work was isolation and screening of protease producing bacteria from soil collected from the study area. Isolation of protease producing bacteria was performed by the serial dilution and spread plate technique using skim milk agar medium. Accordingly, 131 isolates were positive on skim milk agar and of which 13 (10%) of them are protease producer. Four best isolates were selected on the basis of their clear zone size, one from each site for further study. IS-4 has larger clear zone size with 10.5mm followed by IS-2 (6mm). All potential isolates have circular in shape of colony and flat in height of colony except IS-1 which is irregular and raised respectively. Most of potential isolates have opaque in their colonial optical density. All isolates were found to be Gram positive and spore producers. Morphological and biochemical results have revealed that three of four active enzyme producing bacteria are identified as Bacillus spp. Members of the genus Bacillus produce a large variety of extracellular enzymes (proteases) particularly significant for industrial application.
Abstract: Microbes are ubiquitous and live in familiar settings such as soil, water, food and animal intestines as well as in more extreme setting such as rocks, glaciers, hot springs and deep-sea vents. They are essential component of the biodiversity as they account for 50% of the living biomass of this planet. The aim of this work was isolation and screen...
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Bread Wheat Varietal Development and Release in Southeastern Highlands of Ethiopia
Tamene Mideksa,
Tesfaye Letta,
Tilahun Bayisa,
Mohamed Abinasa,
Ayalneh Tilahun,
Bekele Hundie,
Wubishet Alemu,
Mulatu Abera
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
15-19
Received:
26 November 2017
Accepted:
4 January 2018
Published:
19 January 2018
Abstract: Four improved bread wheat varieties; Mandoyu (WORRAKATTA/PASTOR), Sanate (14F/HAR1685), Obora (UTIQUE96/FLAG-1) and Dambel (AGUILAL/3/PYN/BAU//MILAN) are developed from ICARDA materials and released in 2014 and 2015, respectively for highland and mid altitude areas of Bale and similar agro-ecologies. The new varieties were tested along with three standard checks (Madawalabu, Sofumer and Tusie) and one local check (Hollandi) at three environments in 2011 to 2012 and 2012 to 2013, respectively during main cropping seasons. The two years data of regional variety trial combined over locations and years provide the newly released varieties showed that superior in grain yield performance, stability, and wide adaptation. The four newly released varieties have good protein content, good physical grain quality, resistant to stem rust, moderately susceptible to yellow rust, moderately resistant to septoria leaf blotch and comparable for leaf rust disease with the checks. The variety Mandoyu, Sanate, Obora and Dambal have been demonstrated and are being cultivated by farmers for production purpose. Hence, the cultivation of these newly released improved bread wheat varieties in the highland and mid altitude areas of major wheat growing environments of the country is highly recommended. This new variety given local name Mandoyu, Sanate, Obora and Dambel, respectively.
Abstract: Four improved bread wheat varieties; Mandoyu (WORRAKATTA/PASTOR), Sanate (14F/HAR1685), Obora (UTIQUE96/FLAG-1) and Dambel (AGUILAL/3/PYN/BAU//MILAN) are developed from ICARDA materials and released in 2014 and 2015, respectively for highland and mid altitude areas of Bale and similar agro-ecologies. The new varieties were tested along with three s...
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Water Quality Analysis of Drinking Water by Identification of Their Distribution and Process Capability
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
20-30
Received:
27 November 2017
Accepted:
12 December 2017
Published:
8 February 2018
Abstract: The present study deals with the water quality management using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Distribution Identification model. The drinking water quality in Jaipur city has been used for the various physio-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, turbidity, conductance, total hardness, alkalinity, magnesium, calcium, nitrate, chloride, fluoride, sodium, potassium. Drinking water suitability for domestic purposes was examined by WHO and BIS standards, which indicate the drinking water in almost all the areas, were not much suitable for drinking purpose. It is observed that Water Quality Index (WQI) is very high in Sanganer and VKI areas and Gamma distribution model fits on all the parameters for different sites of water data. Thus it was observed that potable water quality has degraded with respect to all the parameters and almost in all the Sites parameters.
Abstract: The present study deals with the water quality management using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Distribution Identification model. The drinking water quality in Jaipur city has been used for the various physio-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, turbidity, conductance, total hardness, alkalinity, magnesium, calcium, nitrate, chloride, fluori...
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Assessment of Medical Waste Generation at a Medical Center in Keffi Metropolis
Useh Uwem Jonah,
Lawal Habiba Muda,
Useh Mercy Uwem,
Etuk-Udo Godwin Akpan,
Katampe Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
31-41
Received:
31 January 2018
Accepted:
16 February 2018
Published:
21 March 2018
Abstract: Healthcare waste represents an important stream of pollutants that impacts on medical personnel and attendees of such facilities. This study examined the quantities of waste generated among 14 different wards and units at the federal medical center, Keffi in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. It also evaluated crucial factors that influence the selection of hospitals by patients as well as the methods employed in waste treatment. The results from the study revealed that an average volume (Kg/bed/day) of 1.97 (Accident & Emergency), 2.27 (Male Medical), 1.71 (Female Medical), 1.79 (Female Surgical), 1.98 (Pediatric), 2.11 (Orthopedic), 1.91 (Lying-in), 1.42 (Amenity), 2.53 (Main theatre), 1.17 (Pediatric surgical), 0.41 (Intensive care unit), 2.03 (Pharmacy), 2.34 (Laboratory) and 4.82 (Labour room). It was established that infectious waste represented the highest rate of hazardous waste (21.3%), while pathological (18.0%), sharp objects (15.8%) and pharmaceuticals (11.4%) represented the sum total of the non-hazardous waste stream. Very strong correlations existed between the Male Medical Ward and Main Theatre (rs 0.9), Female Medical and Female Surgical wards (rs 0.94), Pediatric and Pediatric Surgical wards (rs 0.90), Lying-in and Amenity wards (rs 0.88), Accident & Emergency and Orthopedic units (rs 0.86), with strong correlation between the pharmacy and the laboratory (rs 0.65) and a moderate correlation between the intensive care unit and the Labour room (rs 0.46). The study showed that financial capability was the most important factor that influenced public decision on the choice of the medical center ranked 1, with a relative important index (RII) of 10 in the choice of facilities and methods used to manage waste generated. Other factors in order of importance were ownership of the medical center (2) with an RII of 9 with cultural and social bias ranked as 7 with an RII of 4.
Abstract: Healthcare waste represents an important stream of pollutants that impacts on medical personnel and attendees of such facilities. This study examined the quantities of waste generated among 14 different wards and units at the federal medical center, Keffi in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. It also evaluated crucial factors that influence the selection of ...
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