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Survival During Treatment Period of Patients with Severe Heart Failure Admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Gondar University Hospital (GUH), Gondar, Ethiopia
Azmera Hailay,
Essey Kebede,
Kasim Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
257-269
Received:
3 June 2015
Accepted:
18 June 2015
Published:
28 July 2015
Abstract: Heart failure (HF) is progressive and irreversible which occurs more slowly because of damage to the heart muscle, building up through time due to disease of the heart or a blood vessel leading from the heart as a result of various diseases. In nearly all regions of the world HF is both common and increasing. Predictions for the next two decades include tripling of heart disease and stroke mortality in Latin America, the Middle East, and even sub-Saharan Africa. This study is an attempt to study the survival during treatment period of severe heart failure patients admitted to intensive care unit(ICU) ward at Gondar University Hospital(GUH). Data were collected from 147 severe heart failure patients admitted to the ICU ward of Gondar University Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia during January 2012- June 2014. Non-parametric, semi-parametric PH, parametric PH and AFT models were used for data analysis. Different statistical techniques were used to compare performances of semi-parametric PH, parametric PH and AFT models. Descriptive statistical results show that predominant causes of HF were coronary heart disease and valvular heart disease which causes 38.1% and 29.9% of the total population respectively. In this study (26.09%) of the deaths were attributed to respiratory failure, (15.22%) due to cardiac arrest (15.22%) multi-organ failure, (10.87%) end stage renal failure. The variables “History of HF”, “Duration of HF”, and “Department the patient seen at first” were found to be significant predictors of the survival during treatment period of patients with severe heart failure admitted to ICU ward by the multivariable Cox PH model and the multivariable exponential and Weibull PH, and multivariate Log-Logistic AFT models. The Cox PH model was a better fit than the other models. Being seen at chronic illness follow-up first, diagnosed as patient with heart failure for the first time and lower number of years stay with heart failure significantly decrease hazard of in-ICU mortality. Special attention to patients discharged from emergency department, diagnosed as patient with heart failure before current admission, with higher number of years stay with heart failure, advanced age and with comorbidity condition coronary artery disease is recommended as possible interventions to improve in-ICU survival of patients with severe HF.
Abstract: Heart failure (HF) is progressive and irreversible which occurs more slowly because of damage to the heart muscle, building up through time due to disease of the heart or a blood vessel leading from the heart as a result of various diseases. In nearly all regions of the world HF is both common and increasing. Predictions for the next two decades in...
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A Comparative Studies of Nutritional Status, Physical Activity and Life Style between Male and Female Patients of Coronary Heart Disease in Khulna City, Bangladesh
Kaisun Nesa Lesa,
Md. Reyad-ul-Ferdous,
Farzana Alam
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
270-278
Received:
10 July 2015
Accepted:
25 July 2015
Published:
1 August 2015
Abstract: Aim: The main purpose of this study was to compare the coronary heart disease between male and female, aged 30 to upto 60 years hailing at Khulna city in Bangladesh, during may, 2014 to November, 2014. Methods and Results: Data were collected by questionnaires on the basis of sex, age, smoking, body mass index and presence or absence of other diseases like kidney and diabetes and then compared between them. 69.1 % Males were found more vulnerable to coronary heart disease than 30.9 % females because their food intake pattern, nutritional status, physical activity and life style. Between 69.1 % male and 30.9 % female; 15.8% male and 1.7% female are in obese, 40.8% male and 13,3% female are overweight, 12.5% male and 9.2 % female are normal where 6.7% female are malnourished and 55.8% male and 24.2% female have hypertension and 60.8% male and 22.5% female are suffer from diabetics and 35.8% male and 22.5% female respondents gain heart disease from family and 54.1% male do smoke all time and 10.0% male respondents intake excess cholesterol and 24.1% male and 19.1% female intake excess cholesterol in sometimes and 30.3% male and 3.3% female have tend on uncooked salt where 27.1% male and 18.4% female have no tend on uncooked salt and 11.7% male and 9.2 % female have tend on uncooked salt for sometimes and 6.7% male are usually drink alcohol and 19.1% male and 9.2% female patients gain LDL cholesterol level above 100 mg/dl and finally 42.5% male and 13.3% female patients gain LDL cholesterol level below 100 mg/dl. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that males are more vulnerable to coronary heart disease than females.
Abstract: Aim: The main purpose of this study was to compare the coronary heart disease between male and female, aged 30 to upto 60 years hailing at Khulna city in Bangladesh, during may, 2014 to November, 2014. Methods and Results: Data were collected by questionnaires on the basis of sex, age, smoking, body mass index and presence or absence of other disea...
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Quality of Antenatal Care Services in South-Western Uganda
Kennedy Sakaya Barasa,
Jones Mutune Mutua
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
279-285
Received:
21 July 2015
Accepted:
30 July 2015
Published:
10 August 2015
Abstract: Objectives: The study aimed at the evaluation of the quality of antenatal care services in South Western Uganda Methods: This research used a data set from the Population Council of Kenya, which was conducted in South-Western Uganda, and it drew a representative sample of health facilities, by administering a questionnaire and making an assessment of the facilities. The sample size was selected using a stratified; two stage cluster design and enumeration areas were the sampling units for the first stage. 31 facilities were included in the study drawn from 9 districts and among the facilities that were assessed, 5 were government owned, 17 were privately run and 9 were faith-based facilities. 15 facilities were clinic, 10 were health centers, and 5 were hospitals and only 1 dispensary. Data Analysis: The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. Findings: This project found out that, the intervention facilities offered more ANC services than control. Majority of facilities lacked essentials ANC drugs – only 2.0% of intervention facilities had delivery equipment. Except for cancer screening and child delivery supplies, facilities had essential supplies and equipment and recommended infrastructure (including a private ANC room for consultation) for provision of ANC services. Significantly different, facilities under control group were well supplied with ARV drugs. For service charges, control group charged more of the two except for caesarian delivery method which was not covered by the voucher program. Conclusion: Quality of care was high. The intervention program increased client satisfaction with ANC services received though little evidence exists on the effect the program on quality of ANC services. Low Socio-Economic status limits access to ANC services. Vouchers were consumed more by clients of low socio-economic status and there were no much difference between the two sets of facilities is evident.
Abstract: Objectives: The study aimed at the evaluation of the quality of antenatal care services in South Western Uganda Methods: This research used a data set from the Population Council of Kenya, which was conducted in South-Western Uganda, and it drew a representative sample of health facilities, by administering a questionnaire and making an assessment ...
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Nutritional Status of Under- five Children in Hawassa Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia
Dereje Danbe Debeko,
Ayele Taye Goshu
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
286-292
Received:
1 July 2015
Accepted:
17 July 2015
Published:
12 August 2015
Abstract: Almost, half of the under five children in Ethiopia are malnourished. The objective of this study was to estimate and identify determinants of nutritional status among under-five children in Hawassa Zuria District Southern Ethiopia. This survey was conducted by house to house visit through two-stage sampling using community based cross-sectional study design in 6 randomly selected kebeles during April 15-30, 2011. 721 children in total, aged 6-59 months old were studied to assess nutritional status in terms of stunting, wasting, and underweight. Socio-economic, health related and demographic measures were obtained from structured questionnaire. Also, anthropometric measurements were taken from each child in the study. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used to relate underlying factors to the adjusted odds of malnutrition indices. The results indicated that the overall prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting were 45.8 %, 31.9 %, and 23.6%, respectively. Female children were more stunted, under weight and wasted relative to males (OR = 1.67, 0.600 and 1.47), respectively. Children who had uneducated mothers were significantly more likely to be moderately underweight as compared to those of whose mothers had secondary and above educational level (OR= 0.35, CI: 0.16–0.79). Nutritional status in the study area among study population was categorized in low levels. However, planning the public preventive strategies in the district can help to control under-nutrition based on underlying factors of in the study population including, maternal education, maternal pre-natal health care services, toilet facility, child health care services and safe water supply
Abstract: Almost, half of the under five children in Ethiopia are malnourished. The objective of this study was to estimate and identify determinants of nutritional status among under-five children in Hawassa Zuria District Southern Ethiopia. This survey was conducted by house to house visit through two-stage sampling using community based cross-sectional st...
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Postpartum Depression Relating to Smoking and Drinking Habits of Husbands Among Rajbanshi Mothers in Nepal
Nawa Raj Subba,
Shishir Subba
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
293-297
Received:
18 August 2015
Accepted:
27 August 2015
Published:
5 September 2015
Abstract: This is a cross-sectional study on postpartum depression (PPD) among Rajbanshi mothers in Nepal. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence rate of PPD and association between PPD in mothers with smoking/drinking habits of the husbands and perceived stress among Rajbanshi community. Quantitative methods employed using semi-structured questionnaires. The sample size was 375 households from Morang, Jhapa and Sunsari districts. Data collected by in-depth interviews with mothers. Researcher filled the semi-structured questionnaires asked on workload, sleep, perceived stress and treatment history using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during interviews. In the findings, PPD and maternal stress associate with husband's smoking/drinking habits. Prevalence of PPD was 12.27% in sampled Rajbanshi mothers (EPDS cutoff≥13). PPD in mothers find associated with maternal stress (P= <.0001) and smoking habit of the husband (P=<.0001) which are statistically highly significant. Similarly, sleeplessness in mothers associated with smoking (P=<.005) and drinking (P= <.0001) habits of husbands are also statistically highly significant. In conclusion, PPD among Rajbanshi mothers associates with a smoking habit of the husband. Both smoking and drinking habits of husbands were responsible for causing maternal stress and sleeplessness in mothers and these factors associated with PPD. Smoking and drinking habits of husbands find out risk factors for PPD and perceived stress in her wife. To deal successfully with the poor situation of PPD among Rajbanshi mothers need to change smoking/drinking habits of husbands, raise awareness on health as well as the socio-economic development of the community.
Abstract: This is a cross-sectional study on postpartum depression (PPD) among Rajbanshi mothers in Nepal. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence rate of PPD and association between PPD in mothers with smoking/drinking habits of the husbands and perceived stress among Rajbanshi community. Quantitative methods employed using semi-structured...
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Epidemiology of Needle Stick-Sharp Injuries (NSSIs) and Potential High Risk Exposures among Health Professionals in Ethiopia: Neglected Public Health Concern
Zelalem Desalegn,
Solomon Gebreselassie,
Yehenew Asemamaw
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
298-304
Received:
18 August 2015
Accepted:
30 August 2015
Published:
9 September 2015
Abstract: Health professionals are exposed to a wide range of hazards in the workplace. Needle stick injuries have been recognized as one of the occupational hazards. Healthcare worker handling sharp devices or equipment is at risk of occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens. Despite the burden of potential exposures, in Ethiopia, there are only few researches that have been conducted; as a result there is clearly paucity of information on this regard. The aim of the research conducted was to determine the epidemiology of needle stick-sharp injuries and high risk exposures among health professionals in public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Hospital based cross sectional survey conducted among health professionals at public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A pretested and structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data on socio-demographic, needle stick injury and other high risk exposures. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.Statistical significance was declared at P-value <=0.05.Of the total study participants, prevalence of sustained needle stick injuries (NSIs) and sharp injury was found 155(61.2%) and 127(50%), respectively. Majority of the study subjects, which account 184(72.4%) and 153(60.2%) of them were exposed for blood while ungloved and body fluid, respectively. Consistent use of gloves was reported by 52.4% of respondents. Of the total study participants, 9(3.5%) of respondents were vaccinated against hepatitis B virus infection. The study declared that exposure for potentially infectious body fluids including blood, needle stick injuries, sharp injury and other risk factors was high. But, the study indicated only very small percentages of health professionals were partially vaccinated for HBV. Taking into account the chance of potential exposure, there is a need to focus efforts on mitigating blood borne pathogen transmission through making the work place environment safe and making use of the available vaccine by vaccinating all health care workers at the start of their career.
Abstract: Health professionals are exposed to a wide range of hazards in the workplace. Needle stick injuries have been recognized as one of the occupational hazards. Healthcare worker handling sharp devices or equipment is at risk of occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens. Despite the burden of potential exposures, in Ethiopia, there are only few re...
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Barriers to HIV/AIDS Treatment in Nigeria
Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh,
Haruna Ismaila Adamu
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
305-309
Received:
23 August 2015
Accepted:
7 September 2015
Published:
14 September 2015
Abstract: Background: With the exception of South Africa and India, the number people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWHA) in Nigeria exceeds that of any other country in the World. Access to HIV/AIDS treatment services remains a challenge as only 6% of PLWHAs have accessed the services. This stands in the way of achieving the National HIV/AIDS policy as well as the global goal of placing 15 million PLWHAs on treatment and care by the end of the year 2015. In order to achieve these goals, there is need to know the barriers (through systematic literature review) that prevent access to HIV/AIDS treatment especially in the developing world of sub-Saharan Africa (of which Nigeria is among) that houses 70% of global HIV/AIDS burden. When these barriers are known, strategies would then be adopted to remove them so as to improve the treatment coverage. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: Twenty studies looking at issues surrounding barriers preventing access to HIV/AIDS treatment and support services in Nigeria and other developing countries were reviewed in order to identify key issues or barriers militating against the smooth delivery of HIV/AIDS treatment services and recommend strategies for removing them in order to achieve the much desired universal access to HIV treatment. Results: Suggest that the barriers to HIV/AIDS treatment in the developing world are grouped into three categories namely health systems related, patients related and community related. Conclusion: Sequel to the literature review findings, stakeholders must come together and agree on a sustainable and community driven approach to HIV/AIDS treatment in Nigeria.
Abstract: Background: With the exception of South Africa and India, the number people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWHA) in Nigeria exceeds that of any other country in the World. Access to HIV/AIDS treatment services remains a challenge as only 6% of PLWHAs have accessed the services. This stands in the way of achieving the National HIV/AIDS p...
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Traditional Practices on Mother and Child Health Care in Rajbanshi Community of Nepal
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
310-317
Received:
12 September 2015
Accepted:
21 September 2015
Published:
9 October 2015
Abstract: This is a qualitative study on traditional health care of mother and child in Rajbanshi community in Nepal. The aim of the study was to explore traditional maternal and child health care and to uncover harmful practices. Methods in this descriptive study employed in - depth interviews and FGDs with traditional birth attendants, traditional healers, female community health volunteers, health workers and mothers. Tools were semi - structured questionnaire and checklists. The study sample included 60 from Morang, Jhapa, and Sunsari districts. Of them, 30 were from traditional healers, traditional birth attendants (TBA), and female community health volunteers (FCHV) and health workers another 30 were mothers included for three FGDs conducted in 2013. Findings show Rajbanshi culture has native care of mother and child health. Guru Gosai, Gosai, Ojha, and Dhami are traditional healers in the community. Guru Gosaiis also essential to conduct birth, marriage and death rituals. The traditional causes of diseases are deities, witchcrafts, evil spirits, a touch of pithiya/chhatka, and poor sanitation. Traditional healers find the cause through a jokhana. They treat patients by chanting a mantra, jharphuk, jadibuti, buti, and ferani. TBAs and health workers conduct home delivery however trend of hospital delivery increased. The study figured out a mark of a stigma where women pithiya or chhatka are suspected as cause of disease and illness in others. Community people perceive them unholy and unfriendly. Thus, pithiya and chhatka women face unfair treatment. They are vulnerable to maternal and child health. On the other, the traditional practice of cutting the umbilical cord by a barber during a delivery and shaving off newborn's head after a delivery by the barber are harmful practices.
Abstract: This is a qualitative study on traditional health care of mother and child in Rajbanshi community in Nepal. The aim of the study was to explore traditional maternal and child health care and to uncover harmful practices. Methods in this descriptive study employed in - depth interviews and FGDs with traditional birth attendants, traditional healers,...
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