Predicting of the Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface

Eduard Khachiyan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16

| Peer-Reviewed

Predicting of the Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface

Eduard Khachiyan

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 4 May 2018 Accepted: 12 July 2018 Published: 30 August 2018

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Problems of the prediction of displacement and acceleration values for strong soil displacements are considered for the case where an earthquake is regarded as an instantaneous mechanical rupture of the Earth’s surface. We have attempted to develop, based on recent concepts of earthquake generation process, simplified theoretical methods for the quantitative prediction of soil displacement parameters during strong earthquakes. As an illustrative example, we consider an earthquake originating as a consequence of relative displacements of suddenly ruptured blocks in a horizontal direction with a given initial velocity. An empirical relationship between soil particle motion velocity near the rupture and at a certain distance from it, on one hand, and the earthquake magnitude, on the other hand, was established. It is assumed that the impact of inertial motions of a deep soil stratum on the inertial motions of upper subsurface soil stratum at instantaneous break of a medium can be neglected. By solving a wave problem for a multilayer near surface stratum, analytical relations were developed for a soil seismogram and accelerogram on the surface depending on the physical–mechanical and dynamic characteristics of the soil at all layers of the stratum; attenuation coefficients of mechanical soil vibrations; the distance to the rupture; and the magnitude of the predicted earthquake. The results obtained enable us to determine the maximum displacement and acceleration values of the soil, taking into account local soil conditions and their variations over time, as well as the values of the predominant vibration periods in the soil. The method was applied for solid and loose soil basements.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16
Page(s)	183-201
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Earthquake, Instantaneous Rupture, Initial Velocity, Multilayer Stratum, Wave Problem, Predominant Periods, Seismogram, Accelerogram

References

[1]	J. N. Brune, The physics of earthquake strong motion, in Seismic Risk and Engineering Decisions, Lomnitz, C. and Rosenblueth, Editors, New York: Elsevier, 1976, pp. 141–177.
[2]	G. Butcher, D. Hopkins, R. Jury, W. Massey, G. McKay, and G. McVerr, The September 1985 Mexico earthquakes: Final Report of the New Zealand Reconnaissance Team, Bull. N. Z. Soc. Earthquake Eng., 1988, vol. 21, no. 1.
[3]	H. Jeffreys, and S B. Wirles, Methods of Mathematical Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ., 1950, 2nd ed.
[4]	L. Esteva, Seismicity, in Seismic Risk and Engineering Deci sions, Lomnitz, C. and Rosenblueth, Editors, New York: Elsevier, 1976, pp. 179–224.
[5]	E. Faccioli, and D. Resendiz, Soil dynamics: Behavior including liquefaction, in Seismic Risk and Engineering Decisions, Lomnitz, C. and Rosenblueth, Editors., New York: Elsevier, 1976, pp. 71–140.
[6]	K. Kasahara, Earthquake Mechanics, Cambridge: Cambridge University, Press, 1981.
[7]	Khachiyan E. Y. On Basic Concepts for Development of United International Earthquake Resistant Construction Code. Earthquake Hazard and Seismic Risk Reduction. Editors S. Balassanian, A. Cisternas and M. Melkumyan, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 2000, pp. 333-343.
[8]	N. M. Newmark and E. Rosenblueth Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering. Prentice-Hall, Inc. EnglewoodCliffs, N. Y.
[9]	E. Y. Khachiyan A Method of Determination of Dominant Vibration Periods Values for Nonhomogeneous Multilayer Ground Sites. Horizon Research Publishing Corporation, USA Universal Journal of Engineering Science 2013, vol. 1(3), pp 57-67.
[10]	E. E. Khachiyan, Prikladnaya seismologiya (Applied Seis mology), Yerevan: Gitutyun, 2008. (in Russian).
[11]	E. Y. Khachyian On a Simple Method for Determining the Potential Strain Energy Stored in the Earth before a Large Earthquake. ISSN 0742-0463, Journal of Volcanology and Seismology, 2011, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 286-297. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2011.
[12]	E. E. Khachiyan, On Determining of the Ultimate Strain of Earth Crust Rocks by the Value of Relative Slips on the Earth Surface after a Large Earthquake. Science Publishing Group, Earth Sciences, doi: 10. 11648/j.earth. 20160506. 14 ISSN: 2328-5974 (Print); ISSN: 2328-5982 (Online) Received: October 26, 2016; Accepted: November 10, 2016; Published: December 21, 2016 Vol. 5, No. 6 pp 111-118, http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/earth.
[13]	E. E. Khachiyan, Method for Determining the Potential Strain Energy Stored in the Earth before a Large Earthquake. Science Publishing Group, USA Earth Science, vol. 2, 2, 2013 pp 47-57
[14]	E. Y. Khachiyan On the Possibility of Predicting Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface. ISSN 0747_9239, Seismic Instruments, 2015, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 129–140. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2015.
[15]	C. Lomnitz, and K. S. Singh, Earthquakes and earthquake prediction, in Seismic Risk and Engineering Decisions, Lomnitz, C. and Rosenblueth, Editors., New York: Elsevier, 1976, pp. 3–30.
[16]	N. N. Mikhailova, and F. F. Aptikaev, Some correlation relations between parameters of seismic motions, J. Earth quake Pred. Res., 1996, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 257–267.
[17]	Okamoto S. Introduation to Earthquake Engineering. University of Tokyo Press, 1973.
[18]	E. F. Savarenskii, Seismicheskie volny (Seismic Waves), Moscow: Nedra, 1972. (in Russian)
[19]	SNRA II6. 02. 2006. Seismostoikoe stroitel’stvo: Normy proektirovaniya (Construction Regulations of Republic of Armenia II6. 02. 2006. EarthquakeResistant Building: Design Standards), Yerevan, 2006.
[20]	L. R. Stavnitser, Seismostoikost’ osnovanii i fundamentov (Seismic Resistance of Foundations), Moscow: Izd. Assots. stroit. vuzov, 2010. (in Russian)
[21]	A. N. Tikhonov, and A. A. Samarskii, Uravneniya matemat icheskoi fiziki (Equations of Mathematical Physics), Mos cow: Nauka, 1977. (in Russian)
[22]	D. L. Wells, and K. I. Coppersmith, New empirical rela tionship among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 1994, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 974–1002.
[23]	V. Zelenovich, and T. Paskalev, Yugoslav code for aseismic design and analysis of engineering structures in seismic regions, Proceedings of the 8th European Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, 1986, vol. 1, pp. 361–369.
[24]	Rikitake T. Earthquake Predction. Elsevier Scientific Publishing. CoAmsterdam, 1976, 357p.
[25]	Ch. F. Richter Elementary Seismology. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1958, 768p.
[26]	Mogi K. Earthquake Prediction Academic Press, 1985.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Eduard Khachiyan. (2018). Predicting of the Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface. Earth Sciences, 7(4), 183-201. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Eduard Khachiyan. Predicting of the Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface. Earth Sci. 2018, 7(4), 183-201. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Eduard Khachiyan. Predicting of the Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface. Earth Sci. 2018;7(4):183-201. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16,
  author = {Eduard Khachiyan},
  title = {Predicting of the Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {183-201},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20180704.16},
  abstract = {Problems of the prediction of displacement and acceleration values for strong soil displacements are considered for the case where an earthquake is regarded as an instantaneous mechanical rupture of the Earth’s surface. We have attempted to develop, based on recent concepts of earthquake generation process, simplified theoretical methods for the quantitative prediction of soil displacement parameters during strong earthquakes. As an illustrative example, we consider an earthquake originating as a consequence of relative displacements of suddenly ruptured blocks in a horizontal direction with a given initial velocity. An empirical relationship between soil particle motion velocity near the rupture and at a certain distance from it, on one hand, and the earthquake magnitude, on the other hand, was established. It is assumed that the impact of inertial motions of a deep soil stratum on the inertial motions of upper subsurface soil stratum at instantaneous break of a medium can be neglected. By solving a wave problem for a multilayer near surface stratum, analytical relations were developed for a soil seismogram and accelerogram on the surface depending on the physical–mechanical and dynamic characteristics of the soil at all layers of the stratum; attenuation coefficients of mechanical soil vibrations; the distance to the rupture; and the magnitude of the predicted earthquake. The results obtained enable us to determine the maximum displacement and acceleration values of the soil, taking into account local soil conditions and their variations over time, as well as the values of the predominant vibration periods in the soil. The method was applied for solid and loose soil basements.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Predicting of the Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface
AU  - Eduard Khachiyan
Y1  - 2018/08/30
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 183
EP  - 201
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16
AB  - Problems of the prediction of displacement and acceleration values for strong soil displacements are considered for the case where an earthquake is regarded as an instantaneous mechanical rupture of the Earth’s surface. We have attempted to develop, based on recent concepts of earthquake generation process, simplified theoretical methods for the quantitative prediction of soil displacement parameters during strong earthquakes. As an illustrative example, we consider an earthquake originating as a consequence of relative displacements of suddenly ruptured blocks in a horizontal direction with a given initial velocity. An empirical relationship between soil particle motion velocity near the rupture and at a certain distance from it, on one hand, and the earthquake magnitude, on the other hand, was established. It is assumed that the impact of inertial motions of a deep soil stratum on the inertial motions of upper subsurface soil stratum at instantaneous break of a medium can be neglected. By solving a wave problem for a multilayer near surface stratum, analytical relations were developed for a soil seismogram and accelerogram on the surface depending on the physical–mechanical and dynamic characteristics of the soil at all layers of the stratum; attenuation coefficients of mechanical soil vibrations; the distance to the rupture; and the magnitude of the predicted earthquake. The results obtained enable us to determine the maximum displacement and acceleration values of the soil, taking into account local soil conditions and their variations over time, as well as the values of the predominant vibration periods in the soil. The method was applied for solid and loose soil basements.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Eduard Khachiyan

“Building Mechanics” Department, National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Eduard Khachiyan. (2018). Predicting of the Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface. Earth Sciences, 7(4), 183-201. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Eduard Khachiyan. Predicting of the Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface. Earth Sci. 2018, 7(4), 183-201. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Eduard Khachiyan. Predicting of the Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface. Earth Sci. 2018;7(4):183-201. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16,
  author = {Eduard Khachiyan},
  title = {Predicting of the Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {183-201},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20180704.16},
  abstract = {Problems of the prediction of displacement and acceleration values for strong soil displacements are considered for the case where an earthquake is regarded as an instantaneous mechanical rupture of the Earth’s surface. We have attempted to develop, based on recent concepts of earthquake generation process, simplified theoretical methods for the quantitative prediction of soil displacement parameters during strong earthquakes. As an illustrative example, we consider an earthquake originating as a consequence of relative displacements of suddenly ruptured blocks in a horizontal direction with a given initial velocity. An empirical relationship between soil particle motion velocity near the rupture and at a certain distance from it, on one hand, and the earthquake magnitude, on the other hand, was established. It is assumed that the impact of inertial motions of a deep soil stratum on the inertial motions of upper subsurface soil stratum at instantaneous break of a medium can be neglected. By solving a wave problem for a multilayer near surface stratum, analytical relations were developed for a soil seismogram and accelerogram on the surface depending on the physical–mechanical and dynamic characteristics of the soil at all layers of the stratum; attenuation coefficients of mechanical soil vibrations; the distance to the rupture; and the magnitude of the predicted earthquake. The results obtained enable us to determine the maximum displacement and acceleration values of the soil, taking into account local soil conditions and their variations over time, as well as the values of the predominant vibration periods in the soil. The method was applied for solid and loose soil basements.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Predicting of the Seismogram and Accelerogram of Strong Motions of the Soil for an Earthquake Model Considered as an Instantaneous Rupture of the Earth’s Surface
AU  - Eduard Khachiyan
Y1  - 2018/08/30
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 183
EP  - 201
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180704.16
AB  - Problems of the prediction of displacement and acceleration values for strong soil displacements are considered for the case where an earthquake is regarded as an instantaneous mechanical rupture of the Earth’s surface. We have attempted to develop, based on recent concepts of earthquake generation process, simplified theoretical methods for the quantitative prediction of soil displacement parameters during strong earthquakes. As an illustrative example, we consider an earthquake originating as a consequence of relative displacements of suddenly ruptured blocks in a horizontal direction with a given initial velocity. An empirical relationship between soil particle motion velocity near the rupture and at a certain distance from it, on one hand, and the earthquake magnitude, on the other hand, was established. It is assumed that the impact of inertial motions of a deep soil stratum on the inertial motions of upper subsurface soil stratum at instantaneous break of a medium can be neglected. By solving a wave problem for a multilayer near surface stratum, analytical relations were developed for a soil seismogram and accelerogram on the surface depending on the physical–mechanical and dynamic characteristics of the soil at all layers of the stratum; attenuation coefficients of mechanical soil vibrations; the distance to the rupture; and the magnitude of the predicted earthquake. The results obtained enable us to determine the maximum displacement and acceleration values of the soil, taking into account local soil conditions and their variations over time, as well as the values of the predominant vibration periods in the soil. The method was applied for solid and loose soil basements.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download