| Peer-Reviewed

How Dutch Education Systematically Discriminates Against Dutch Immigrants and Refugees

Received: 5 August 2019    Accepted: 2 September 2019    Published: 17 September 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

This article investigates whether Dutch education is suitable for (grand) children of immigrants, refugees and expats with children in mainstream education. The available Dutch sociological, educational and psychological research in education and, apart from that, the education output data are the input for this investigation. The conclusion is that Dutch education should examine their consciences because on all fronts (grand) children of immigrants, refugees and expats with children in mainstream education do worse in Dutch education than (grand) children of original Dutch heritage. Children of immigrants, refugees and expats with children in mainstream education often experience disadvantage and deprivation in Dutch education. UNESCO claims that Civil Society Organizations must be held responsible to prevent (grand) children of immigrants, refugees and expats from experiencing disadvantage and deprivation in Dutch education. The tasks of these Civil Society organisations are: a) hold states accountable for their legal obligations, b) bring education concerns to the attention of a state, c) safeguard the right to education, such as providing tailor-made education as a human right, and e) hold states responsible for violations, such as disadvantage, deprivation, discrimination and exclusion.

Published in Humanities and Social Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.hss.20190705.11
Page(s) 141-149
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Education, Deprivation, Human Rights, Immigrants and Refugees, Logics, Responsibilities

References
[1] Gianni, Stephania (2019). Right to Education. UNESCO. Sustainable Development Goals. Right to education handbook. © UNESCO and Right to Education Initiative, 2019.
[2] Amsterdamse rekenkamer (2017). Eindrapport. Armoedebeleid en de impact op kinderen. Tabel 4.1 (pp. 28).
[3] Onderwijsverslag (2019). De Staat van het Onderwijs. Inspectie van het onderwijs. Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap.
[4] Steinmetz, Carl H. D. (december 2018/ januari 2019). Verward gedrag en een niet-Nederlandse afkomst. Aanknooppunten voor preventie. Sociaalbestek. DOI: 10.1007/s41196-018-0167-7.
[5] OECD (2018). The resilience of students with an immigrant background: factor that shape wellbeing. OECD publishing, Paris.
[6] Onderwijsraad (2017). Vluchtelingen en onderwijs. Naar een efficiëntere organisatie, betere toegankelijkheid en hogere kwaliteit. Uitgave van de Onderwijsraad, Den Haag, 2017.ISBN 978-946121-056-2. Retrieved from: https://www.onderwijsraad.nl/upload/documents/publicaties/volledig/Vluchtelingen-en-onderwijs.pdf
[7] Steinmetz, Carl H. D. (2018). Voorkom discriminatie, uitsluiting en polarisatie. Bevorder inclusie. Sociaalbestek. DOI: 10.1007/s41196-018-0101-z.
[8] Onderwijsraad (2018). Doorgeschoten differentiatie in het onderwijs. Hoofdlijnen van Stand van Educatief Nederland 2018.
[9] Botermans, Willem en De Wolf, Inge (2018). Woonsegregatie bepaalt in grote mate schoolsegregatie. ESB. Gelijke kansen op school. Jaargang 103 (4768) 20 December 2018.
[10] Crul, Maurice (2018). How key transitions influence school and labour market carers of descendants of Moroccan and Turkish migrants in the Netherlands. European Journal of Education, 2018; 1-14. DOI: 10.1111/ejed.12310.
[11] Crul, M., Schneider, J. & Lelie, F. (2017). The multiplier effect. How the accumulation of cultural a social capital explains steep upward mobility of children of low educated immigrants. Ethnic and Racial studies, 40, 321-338APA.
[12] Ftitache, Bouchra (2015). Psychosocial and educational adjustment of ethnic minority elementary school children in the Netherlands. Doctoral Dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
[13] Van der Ven, Els (2015). Ethnic minority position as risk indicator for autism-spectrum and psychotic disorders. Doctoral Dissertation Maastricht.
[14] Bloemink, Sanne (2017). Armoede zie je terug in de hersenen. Voor een dubbeltje op de laatste rij. De Groene Amsterdammer. 12 april 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.groene.nl/artikel/voor-een-dubbeltje-op-de-laatste-rij
[15] Hartgers, Marijke, Kuipers, Nelet, en Linder, Frank (2018). Hoofdstuk 2 Onderwijs uit Jaarrapport 2018. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. © Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Den Haag/Heerlen/Bonaire, 2018.
[16] Lek, Kimberley en Van der Schoot, Rens (2019). Wie weet het beter, de docent of de centrale eindtoets. De Psycholoog, maandblad Nederlands Instituut van Psychologen. Jaargang 54. Nr. 4. April 2019.
[17] Smeets, Ed, Van Kuijk, Jos en Driessen, Geert (2014). Handreiking bij het opstellen van het basisschooladvies. ITS, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen.
[18] Onderwijsverslag (2018). De Staat van het Onderwijs. Inspectie van het onderwijs. Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap.
[19] Boltanski, L. & Thévenot, L. (2009). On Justification: Economics of Worth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
[20] Bredewold, Femmianne, Duyvendak, Jan Willem, Kampen, Thomas, Tonkens, Evelien en Verplanke, Loes (2018). De verhuizing van de verzorgingsstaat. Hoe de overheid nabij komt. Van Gennep Amsterdam.
[21] Dronkers, Jaap, Elffers, Louisse, Karsten, Sjoerd, van der Velden, Rolf & Herman van der Werfhorst (2016). Groeiende ongelijkheid vraagt om ingrijpen. S & D Jaargang 73, Nummer 2 April 2016.
[22] VandenBroucke, Anneloes, en Nouwen, Ward (2016). Voorkeuren ouders en scholen weken sociaal-etnische segregatie in het basisonderwijs in de hand. Acco, Leuven, Den Haag.
[23] Crul, Maurice, Schneider, Jens en Lelie, Frans (2013). Superdiversiteit. VU University Press.
[24] Bucs, Freek, en Rose, de, Simone (2015). Opvoeden in niet-westerse migranten gezinnen. Een terugblik en verkenning. Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau, Den Haag 2015. SCP-publicatie, 2015-22.
[25] Rezai, Sara (2017). The Rise of the Second Generation. The role of social capital in the upward mobility of descendants of immigrants from Turkey and Morocco. Doctoral Dissertation Free University Amsterdam.
[26] Sariwating, Kaja en Koppel, van de Menno (2018). OCO in cijfers. Rapportage over cijfers helpdesk en informatievoorziening en trends schooljaar 2017-2018 in vergelijking met OCO door de jaren heen. Onderwijs Consumenten Organisatie.
[27] Piersma, Jasper (2016). In Zuidoost is 37% laaggeletterd. Parool. https://www.parool.nl/nieuws/in-zuidoost-is-37-procent-laaggeletterd~bc37a621b/
[28] Winters, Bettine (2017). 140 klachten over schooladvies. https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/140-klachten-over-schooladvies~ac5c931c/
[29] Zee, van der, Karin (2015). Expanding horizons: Intercultural competency of individuals and organizations. Inaugural speech, May 22, 2015. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
[30] Bovenkerk, Frank (2014). Marokkaan in Europa, crimineel in Nederland. Boom Lemma uitgevers.
[31] UNESCO (2019). Right to Education Handbook. Published in 2019 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and Right to Education Initiative, c/o ActionAid International 33-39 2017). Bowling Green Lane, EC1R OBJ London, United Kingdom.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Carl Hermann Dino Steinmetz. (2019). How Dutch Education Systematically Discriminates Against Dutch Immigrants and Refugees. Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(5), 141-149. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20190705.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Carl Hermann Dino Steinmetz. How Dutch Education Systematically Discriminates Against Dutch Immigrants and Refugees. Humanit. Soc. Sci. 2019, 7(5), 141-149. doi: 10.11648/j.hss.20190705.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Carl Hermann Dino Steinmetz. How Dutch Education Systematically Discriminates Against Dutch Immigrants and Refugees. Humanit Soc Sci. 2019;7(5):141-149. doi: 10.11648/j.hss.20190705.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.hss.20190705.11,
      author = {Carl Hermann Dino Steinmetz},
      title = {How Dutch Education Systematically Discriminates Against Dutch Immigrants and Refugees},
      journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {5},
      pages = {141-149},
      doi = {10.11648/j.hss.20190705.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20190705.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hss.20190705.11},
      abstract = {This article investigates whether Dutch education is suitable for (grand) children of immigrants, refugees and expats with children in mainstream education. The available Dutch sociological, educational and psychological research in education and, apart from that, the education output data are the input for this investigation. The conclusion is that Dutch education should examine their consciences because on all fronts (grand) children of immigrants, refugees and expats with children in mainstream education do worse in Dutch education than (grand) children of original Dutch heritage. Children of immigrants, refugees and expats with children in mainstream education often experience disadvantage and deprivation in Dutch education. UNESCO claims that Civil Society Organizations must be held responsible to prevent (grand) children of immigrants, refugees and expats from experiencing disadvantage and deprivation in Dutch education. The tasks of these Civil Society organisations are: a) hold states accountable for their legal obligations, b) bring education concerns to the attention of a state, c) safeguard the right to education, such as providing tailor-made education as a human right, and e) hold states responsible for violations, such as disadvantage, deprivation, discrimination and exclusion.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - How Dutch Education Systematically Discriminates Against Dutch Immigrants and Refugees
    AU  - Carl Hermann Dino Steinmetz
    Y1  - 2019/09/17
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20190705.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.hss.20190705.11
    T2  - Humanities and Social Sciences
    JF  - Humanities and Social Sciences
    JO  - Humanities and Social Sciences
    SP  - 141
    EP  - 149
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8184
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20190705.11
    AB  - This article investigates whether Dutch education is suitable for (grand) children of immigrants, refugees and expats with children in mainstream education. The available Dutch sociological, educational and psychological research in education and, apart from that, the education output data are the input for this investigation. The conclusion is that Dutch education should examine their consciences because on all fronts (grand) children of immigrants, refugees and expats with children in mainstream education do worse in Dutch education than (grand) children of original Dutch heritage. Children of immigrants, refugees and expats with children in mainstream education often experience disadvantage and deprivation in Dutch education. UNESCO claims that Civil Society Organizations must be held responsible to prevent (grand) children of immigrants, refugees and expats from experiencing disadvantage and deprivation in Dutch education. The tasks of these Civil Society organisations are: a) hold states accountable for their legal obligations, b) bring education concerns to the attention of a state, c) safeguard the right to education, such as providing tailor-made education as a human right, and e) hold states responsible for violations, such as disadvantage, deprivation, discrimination and exclusion.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Expats & Immigrants Besloten Vennootschap, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  • Sections