Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering

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Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler

Received: Jun. 03, 2019    Accepted: Jul. 09, 2019    Published: Jul. 30, 2019
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Abstract

Brake pad was produced using periwinkle shell and treated cow borne as base materials, phenolic resin as binder, material, aluminum oxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide as abrasive, and graphite as friction modifier. The particulate size of the filler materials considered was 250µm, Five samples were produced (Samples A, B, C, D and E) witht composition ratios of 60/25, 55/30, 40/35, 45/40 and 40/45 cow bone/periwinkle shell hybrid filler respectively. The produced brake pad samples were evaluated by testing the mechanical, thermal and physical properties. The hardness test showed that as the filler loading increases, there was a steady increase in hardness strength of the material and sample E showed (100.0) most closest hardness value to the required standard (101.0 Shore). The abrasion resistance showed a decrease with increasing filler loading, which could be due to poor interfacial adhesion between binder (PR) and other components due to poor distribution ratio of the filler quantity in the matrix (binder). The impact strength test result revealed that the higher the filler loading, the lower the average impact strength and samples A, B and C met the required standard brake pad impact strength; except for samples D and E, which could be due to the decrease in the quantity of binder (PR). The water absorption test result showed progressive increase in water absorption with increasing filler loading. Samples A and B with water absorption of 5.56% and 6.25% respectively were found to fall wthin the range of the required standard of 4.5%. The coefficient of friction test result showed a steady decrease as the filler loading increased, however, sample E with 0.36µ exhibited a coefficient of friction within the required standard range for automobile vehicles with a coefficient of fiction range of 0.35 – 0.42 µ. The Therrmo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) test result for sample A was chosen because it proved to give superior performance over others. Sample A showed a percent weight loss as the temperature increased from 299.00°C to 88714°C. Sample A showed thermal stability at 299°C with degradation setting in at 470.07°C and with a percent weight loss of 24.715%.

DOI 10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13
Published in Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering ( Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2019 )
Page(s) 37-42
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Phenolic Resisn, Cow Bone, Periwinkle Shell, Thermo-Mechanical Properties

References
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[2] Dan-Asabe, Bashar, Peter, Madakson B., Jospeh, Many: (2012 “Material Selection and Production of a Cold-worked Composite Brake Pad.” World Journal of Engineering, Pure and Applied Science [WJEPAS] vol. 2(3) pp. 92-97.
[3] Basha J. K, Taylor, and husband, DA.(2005): 'friction pads for use in Disc brakes, US pat5725077 (United State Patent and Trademark office).
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[15] Mohareb, A. S. O., Hassanin, A. H., Candelier, K., Thévenon, M. F., and Candan, Z. (2017). Developing Biocomposites Panels from Food Packaging and Textiles Wastes: Physical and Biological Performance. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 25(2), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-016-0791-6
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    Ejiogu Ibe Kevin, Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi, Ibeneme Uche, Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu. (2019). Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler. Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering, 7(3), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13

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    Ejiogu Ibe Kevin; Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi; Ibeneme Uche; Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu. Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler. Adv. BioSci. Bioeng. 2019, 7(3), 37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13

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    AMA Style

    Ejiogu Ibe Kevin, Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi, Ibeneme Uche, Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu. Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler. Adv BioSci Bioeng. 2019;7(3):37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13,
      author = {Ejiogu Ibe Kevin and Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi and Ibeneme Uche and Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu},
      title = {Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler},
      journal = {Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering},
      volume = {7},
      number = {3},
      pages = {37-42},
      doi = {10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.abb.20190703.13},
      abstract = {Brake pad was produced using periwinkle shell and treated cow borne as base materials, phenolic resin as binder, material, aluminum oxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide as abrasive, and graphite as friction modifier. The particulate size of the filler materials considered was 250µm, Five samples were produced (Samples A, B, C, D and E) witht composition ratios of 60/25, 55/30, 40/35, 45/40 and 40/45 cow bone/periwinkle shell hybrid filler respectively. The produced brake pad samples were evaluated by testing the mechanical, thermal and physical properties. The hardness test showed that as the filler loading increases, there was a steady increase in hardness strength of the material and sample E showed (100.0) most closest hardness value to the required standard (101.0 Shore). The abrasion resistance showed a decrease with increasing filler loading, which could be due to poor interfacial adhesion between binder (PR) and other components due to poor distribution ratio of the filler quantity in the matrix (binder). The impact strength test result revealed that the higher the filler loading, the lower the average impact strength and samples A, B and C met the required standard brake pad impact strength; except for samples D and E, which could be due to the decrease in the quantity of binder (PR). The water absorption test result showed progressive increase in water absorption with increasing filler loading. Samples A and B with water absorption of 5.56% and 6.25% respectively were found to fall wthin the range of the required standard of 4.5%. The coefficient of friction test result showed a steady decrease as the filler loading increased, however, sample E with 0.36µ exhibited a coefficient of friction within the required standard range for automobile vehicles with a coefficient of fiction range of 0.35 – 0.42 µ. The Therrmo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) test result for sample A was chosen because it proved to give superior performance over others. Sample A showed a percent weight loss as the temperature increased from 299.00°C to 88714°C. Sample A showed thermal stability at 299°C with degradation setting in at 470.07°C and with a percent weight loss of 24.715%.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Motor Vehicle Brake Pad Using Periwinkle Shell and Treated Cow Bone as Filler
    AU  - Ejiogu Ibe Kevin
    AU  - Ayejagbara Mosunmade Olukemi
    AU  - Ibeneme Uche
    AU  - Anigbogu Maryann Uzochukwu
    Y1  - 2019/07/30
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13
    T2  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
    JF  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
    JO  - Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering
    SP  - 37
    EP  - 42
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-4162
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20190703.13
    AB  - Brake pad was produced using periwinkle shell and treated cow borne as base materials, phenolic resin as binder, material, aluminum oxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide as abrasive, and graphite as friction modifier. The particulate size of the filler materials considered was 250µm, Five samples were produced (Samples A, B, C, D and E) witht composition ratios of 60/25, 55/30, 40/35, 45/40 and 40/45 cow bone/periwinkle shell hybrid filler respectively. The produced brake pad samples were evaluated by testing the mechanical, thermal and physical properties. The hardness test showed that as the filler loading increases, there was a steady increase in hardness strength of the material and sample E showed (100.0) most closest hardness value to the required standard (101.0 Shore). The abrasion resistance showed a decrease with increasing filler loading, which could be due to poor interfacial adhesion between binder (PR) and other components due to poor distribution ratio of the filler quantity in the matrix (binder). The impact strength test result revealed that the higher the filler loading, the lower the average impact strength and samples A, B and C met the required standard brake pad impact strength; except for samples D and E, which could be due to the decrease in the quantity of binder (PR). The water absorption test result showed progressive increase in water absorption with increasing filler loading. Samples A and B with water absorption of 5.56% and 6.25% respectively were found to fall wthin the range of the required standard of 4.5%. The coefficient of friction test result showed a steady decrease as the filler loading increased, however, sample E with 0.36µ exhibited a coefficient of friction within the required standard range for automobile vehicles with a coefficient of fiction range of 0.35 – 0.42 µ. The Therrmo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) test result for sample A was chosen because it proved to give superior performance over others. Sample A showed a percent weight loss as the temperature increased from 299.00°C to 88714°C. Sample A showed thermal stability at 299°C with degradation setting in at 470.07°C and with a percent weight loss of 24.715%.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Directorate of Research and Development, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Polymer Technology, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Samara, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Polymer Technology, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Samara, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Polymer Technology, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology, Samara, Zaria, Nigeria

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