American Journal of Laboratory Medicine

| Peer-Reviewed |

Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria

Received: Feb. 11, 2017    Accepted: Apr. 21, 2017    Published: Oct. 24, 2017
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Extended spectrumβ-lactamses (ESBL) are a group of plasmid mediated, diverse, complex, and rapidly evolving enzymes that are posing a major therapeutic challenge today in the treatment of hospitalized and community patients. Due to non-regulation of snacks, people are exposed to pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study is to detect extended spectrum β-lactamases among bacteria isolates from snack foods sold in Kaduna metropolis Nigeria. A total of 144 samples comprising of meat-pie, doughnut, egg-roll, buns, samosa, burger and pizza were cultured on blood agar, McConkey agar and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Defficient Agar, for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The isolated organisms were subjected to biochemical tests for identification using standard procedures. The isolates were screened for Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) production using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) break point using ceftriazone (30µg) and cefotaxime (30µg). Suspected ESBLs producing organisms from screening tests were subjected to double disc synergy test (DDST) for confirmation and standard discs of Augmentin (30µg). Out of the 144 snack samples analysed, 24 Gram negative entericbacteria were isolated and these includes: Citrobacter freundii 6(25%), Echerichia coli 1(4.2%), Enterobacter sp. 2(8.3%), Klebsiella pneumonia 7(29.2%), Proteus mirabilis 1(4.2%), Serratia marcenscens 4(16.7%), Morganella morganii 1(4.2%), providencia sp. 1(4.2%) and Shigella sp. 1(4.2%). Detection of ESBL among Gram-negative isolates based on CLSI revealed that 16(66.7%) of the isolates were ESBL producers while 37.5% were confirmed as ESBLs producers using Double Disc Synergy Test. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between the different beta-lactamases producing isolates (P<0.05). It also showed a significant relationship between the occurrences of beta-lactamase producing isolates among the different snacks (P<0.05) This study indicated that snack foods can be contaminated by ESBLs producing bacteria and may result to infections following consumption by humans which have public health implications for the general public.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11
Published in American Journal of Laboratory Medicine ( Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2017 )
Page(s) 84-89
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Snacks, Beta-Lactamase, Gram Positive, Gram Negative

References
[1] Neu H C (1969). "Effect of beta-lactamase location in Escherichia coli on penicillin synergy". Applied Microbiology 17(6):783–6.PMC377810.PMID4894721.
[2] Bali B E, Acik Land Sultan N, (2010), Phenotypic and molecular characterization of SHV,TEM,CTX-Mand extended-spectrumβ-lactamase produced by Escherichia coli,Acinobacter baumannii and Klebsiella isolates in a Turkish hospital, African. Journal of Research.,4(8):650-654 http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr
[3] Shacheraghi F, Shakibaie M R and Noveiri H, (2010), Molecular identification of ESBL genes blaGES-1, blaVEB-1, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-4, blaOXA-10andblaPER-1in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients by PCR,RFLP and sequencing techniques. Int. J. Biol. LifeSci., 6(3):138-142.
[4] Lovet T, Kigigha and Henry C. (2012). Bacteriological characterization of snacks sold in River State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. African Journal of Biochemistry Research 6(3).39-45.
[5] Nielsen, A. C., (2006). Consumers and ready-to eat meals:A global AC Nielsen report. ACNielsenInc., USA http://dk.nielsen.com/reports/Globa lRTE ReportDec06.pd.
[6] Oranusi, S. Omagbemi, F. and Eni A. O (2011). Microbiological Safety Evaluation of Snacks sold in fast food shops on Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Biological Sciences: 6(7) pp.309-3139.
[7] Hazariwala J K, and Donovan T. Guidelines for the microbiological quality of some ready-to eat foods samples at the point of sale. Communicable Disease and Public Health 2002; 3:163-167.
[8] WHO, (2007). Food safety and food borne illness factsheet. World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland.
[9] Centre for Disease Control (CDC), (2010). Preliminary Food net data on the incidence of infection with pathogen stransmitted commonly through food. Morbidity and mortality weekly Report, 59:418-422.
[10] Oluwafemi F and Simisaye M T (2005). Extent of microbial contamination of sausage sold in two Nigeria cities. African Journal Biomedical Research; 9: 133-136.
[11] Oranusi S U, Galadima M, Umoh V J and Nwanze P I (2007). Food Safety evaluation in boarding schools in Zaria, Nigeria using the HACCP System. Scientific Research. Essay, 2:426-433.Organization Geneva, Switzerland.
[12] Hunter P R, Wilkinson D C, Catling L A and Barker G C, (2008), Meta-analysis of experimental data concerning antimicrobial resistance gene transfer rates during conjugation.Applied Enviromental Microbiology.,74(19)6085.
[13] Musa O Iand Akande T M (2002). Effect of health education intervention or food safety practice among food vendors in Ilorin. Sahel Med.J.5:120-124.
[14] Jarlier V, Nicholas M. H, Fournier G, Philippon A (1988).Extended broad-spectrumbeta-lactamases conferring transferable resistance to newer beta-lactam agents in Enterobacteriaceae :hospital prevalence and susceptibility patterns.Review infectious diseases10:867-878.
[15] Rooney P. J. O`Leary M., Loughary A. C. Mcmacmaont M. Smith B. Donaghy P. Badri M. Wordford N. Karisik E. Livermore D.M.(2009). Nursing homes as a reservoir for extended spectrum bets lactamases (ESBL) producing ciproflozacin resistant E.coli. journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 64: 653 – 641.
[16] Yusha’u M, Umar M. Iand Suleiman K,(2010). Indigenous commercial drinks as potential sources of extended spectrumβ–Lactamases (ESBL) producing organisms in Kano–Nigeria. International Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences. 6(1).
[17] Adenaike O. Olonitola O. S. Ameh J. B .and Whong C. M. Z (2013). Incidence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases producing bacteria and multi drug resistances trains from processed meat`suyu`sold in a university community. The international Journal of Engineering and science (IJES). ISSN(e):2319–1813ISSN(p):2319–1805.
[18] Gunseren F., Mamikoglu L. Ozturk S. Yucesoy M. Biberoglu K.YulungN.DoganayM.SumerkanB.Kocagoz S. Unal S.Cetin S.Calangu S. KoksalI .Leblebicioglu H.and Gunaydin M.(1999). A surveillance study of antimicrobial lresistance of gram–negative ebacteria isolated from Intensive care units in Eight hospitals in Turkey. Journal of antimicrobial Chemotherapy43:373-378.
[19] Bradford A. Patricia (2001): Extended-Spectrumβ–Lactamases in the 21stCentury: Characterization, Epidemiology, and Detection of this Important Resistance Threat. Clinical Microbiology Reviews.14(4)933-951.
[20] Paterson D L, Bonomo R A (2005) .Extended Spectrumβ–Lactamases: A Clinical Update. Clinical Microbiology Review 18:657-86.
[21] Yusha’u M., Adakawa M. I and Kawo A. H (2011) Prevalence of extended spectrum β–Lactamase (ESBLs) among Clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from private diagnostic laboratory in Kano, Nigeria. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 5(1):365-370.
[22] Thomas, B. T Shoyemi, W. R, Kolawole, R. M, Gbadamosi, K. P (2013). Incidence and Resistance pattern of Bacteria associated with Street foods in Ogun State, Nigeria. NewYork Science Journal. 6(9).pp.80-83.
[23] Yusha’u M., Abubakar H. M., Kawo A. H (2010) .Commercial foods as potential sources of extended spectrum β–Lactamases (ESBLs) producers in Kano–Nigeria. International Journal of Pharmceutical and Applied Sciences. 1(1).
[24] Monica Cheesbrough (2003) ;District Laboratory practice in Tropical Countries Part 2.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Edward Deborah Shetu, Muhammad Yusha`u, Auwalu Uba, Ogboi Johnbull Sonny, Edward Isaac Usman. (2017). Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2(5), 84-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Edward Deborah Shetu; Muhammad Yusha`u; Auwalu Uba; Ogboi Johnbull Sonny; Edward Isaac Usman. Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2017, 2(5), 84-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Edward Deborah Shetu, Muhammad Yusha`u, Auwalu Uba, Ogboi Johnbull Sonny, Edward Isaac Usman. Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria. Am J Lab Med. 2017;2(5):84-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11,
      author = {Edward Deborah Shetu and Muhammad Yusha`u and Auwalu Uba and Ogboi Johnbull Sonny and Edward Isaac Usman},
      title = {Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria},
      journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
      volume = {2},
      number = {5},
      pages = {84-89},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20170205.11},
      abstract = {Extended spectrumβ-lactamses (ESBL) are a group of plasmid mediated, diverse, complex, and rapidly evolving enzymes that are posing a major therapeutic challenge today in the treatment of hospitalized and community patients. Due to non-regulation of snacks, people are exposed to pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study is to detect extended spectrum β-lactamases among bacteria isolates from snack foods sold in Kaduna metropolis Nigeria. A total of 144 samples comprising of meat-pie, doughnut, egg-roll, buns, samosa, burger and pizza were cultured on blood agar, McConkey agar and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Defficient Agar, for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The isolated organisms were subjected to biochemical tests for identification using standard procedures. The isolates were screened for Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) production using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) break point using ceftriazone (30µg) and cefotaxime (30µg). Suspected ESBLs producing organisms from screening tests were subjected to double disc synergy test (DDST) for confirmation and standard discs of Augmentin (30µg). Out of the 144 snack samples analysed, 24 Gram negative entericbacteria were isolated and these includes: Citrobacter freundii 6(25%), Echerichia coli 1(4.2%), Enterobacter sp. 2(8.3%), Klebsiella pneumonia 7(29.2%), Proteus mirabilis 1(4.2%), Serratia marcenscens 4(16.7%), Morganella morganii 1(4.2%), providencia sp. 1(4.2%) and Shigella sp. 1(4.2%). Detection of ESBL among Gram-negative  isolates based on CLSI revealed that 16(66.7%) of the isolates were ESBL producers while 37.5% were confirmed as ESBLs producers using Double Disc Synergy Test. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between the  different beta-lactamases producing isolates (P<0.05). It also showed a significant relationship between the occurrences of beta-lactamase producing isolates among the different snacks (P<0.05) This study indicated that snack foods can be contaminated by ESBLs producing bacteria and may result to infections following consumption by humans which have public health implications for the general public.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Detection of Extended Spectrum B-Lactamases Among Bacteria Isolated from Snacks Sold Within Kaduna State Metropolis Northwest Nigeria
    AU  - Edward Deborah Shetu
    AU  - Muhammad Yusha`u
    AU  - Auwalu Uba
    AU  - Ogboi Johnbull Sonny
    AU  - Edward Isaac Usman
    Y1  - 2017/10/24
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11
    T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
    JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
    JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
    SP  - 84
    EP  - 89
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-386X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.11
    AB  - Extended spectrumβ-lactamses (ESBL) are a group of plasmid mediated, diverse, complex, and rapidly evolving enzymes that are posing a major therapeutic challenge today in the treatment of hospitalized and community patients. Due to non-regulation of snacks, people are exposed to pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study is to detect extended spectrum β-lactamases among bacteria isolates from snack foods sold in Kaduna metropolis Nigeria. A total of 144 samples comprising of meat-pie, doughnut, egg-roll, buns, samosa, burger and pizza were cultured on blood agar, McConkey agar and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Defficient Agar, for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The isolated organisms were subjected to biochemical tests for identification using standard procedures. The isolates were screened for Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) production using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) break point using ceftriazone (30µg) and cefotaxime (30µg). Suspected ESBLs producing organisms from screening tests were subjected to double disc synergy test (DDST) for confirmation and standard discs of Augmentin (30µg). Out of the 144 snack samples analysed, 24 Gram negative entericbacteria were isolated and these includes: Citrobacter freundii 6(25%), Echerichia coli 1(4.2%), Enterobacter sp. 2(8.3%), Klebsiella pneumonia 7(29.2%), Proteus mirabilis 1(4.2%), Serratia marcenscens 4(16.7%), Morganella morganii 1(4.2%), providencia sp. 1(4.2%) and Shigella sp. 1(4.2%). Detection of ESBL among Gram-negative  isolates based on CLSI revealed that 16(66.7%) of the isolates were ESBL producers while 37.5% were confirmed as ESBLs producers using Double Disc Synergy Test. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between the  different beta-lactamases producing isolates (P<0.05). It also showed a significant relationship between the occurrences of beta-lactamase producing isolates among the different snacks (P<0.05) This study indicated that snack foods can be contaminated by ESBLs producing bacteria and may result to infections following consumption by humans which have public health implications for the general public.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Northwest Nigeria

  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Bayero University, Kano, North-west Nigeria

  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Northeast Nigeria

  • Department of Microbiology Jedima International Health Consult Ltd, Lagos, Southwest Nigeria

  • Department of Medical Laboratory, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Medical Microbiology Lab Barnawa, Kaduna, Northwest Nigeria

  • Section