International Journal of Environmental Chemistry

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Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City

Received: May 01, 2018    Accepted: Feb. 21, 2019    Published: Mar. 14, 2019
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Abstract

The evaluation of heavy metals contamination of soils as a means of monitoring the status of the environment for the good of the ecosystem is crucial. Benin city was subdivided into four zones (south east SE, south west SW, north east NE and north west NW) In this study, top soil (TS) and distance top soil (DTS) samples from three hundred and thirty-nine auto repair workshops in Benin City, Nigeria were assessed for physico-chemical properties and heavy metals (HMs), using standard methods. The main soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon and particle sizes) were determined for a network of representative sampling sites. The results shows that the average levels of the heavy metals (excluding Fe) in soil samples from within and 30 m away from the automobile workshops in the various zones are 143.1 (88.6), 118.6 (86.9), 129.1 (79.2) and 143.3 (113.0) for SE, SW, NE and NW respectively (the values in bracket represents DTS). When compared with mean concentrations for other cities. The results revealed higher concentrations of heavy metals in topsoil samples than in 30 m away from the epicentre samples. The samples from North West and South East part of the city had higher Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents than samples from the other Locations. All the heavy metals show significant differences in their means across the two sampling locations (TS and DTS). The correlation analysis showed that all the heavy metals were significantly correlated with each other. The principal component analysis produced only one component which accounted for 69.414% of the total variation between the heavy metals.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry ( Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019 )
Page(s) 7-17
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Auto-repair Workshops, Soils, Concentrations

References
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[27] United States Environmental Protection Agency, USEPA (2008) Allowable Limits for Lead in Soil. www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/leadhaz.htm.
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[30] CCME (1999) Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Canadiansoil quality guidelines for the protection of environmental and human health: Summary Tables In: Canadian environmental quality guidelines, 1999. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg. Pp. 131-147.
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  • APA Style

    Anegbe Bala, Okuo James Majebi, Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe, Ugbune Ufuoma, Emina Rosemary Anwuli. (2019). Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 3(1), 7-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12

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    ACS Style

    Anegbe Bala; Okuo James Majebi; Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe; Ugbune Ufuoma; Emina Rosemary Anwuli. Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City. Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2019, 3(1), 7-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12

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    AMA Style

    Anegbe Bala, Okuo James Majebi, Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe, Ugbune Ufuoma, Emina Rosemary Anwuli. Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City. Int J Environ Chem. 2019;3(1):7-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12,
      author = {Anegbe Bala and Okuo James Majebi and Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe and Ugbune Ufuoma and Emina Rosemary Anwuli},
      title = {Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
      volume = {3},
      number = {1},
      pages = {7-17},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20190301.12},
      abstract = {The evaluation of heavy metals contamination of soils as a means of monitoring the status of the environment for the good of the ecosystem is crucial. Benin city was subdivided into four zones (south east SE, south west SW, north east NE and north west NW) In this study, top soil (TS) and distance top soil (DTS) samples from three hundred and thirty-nine auto repair workshops in Benin City, Nigeria were assessed for physico-chemical properties and heavy metals (HMs), using standard methods. The main soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon and particle sizes) were determined for a network of representative sampling sites. The results shows that the average levels of the heavy metals (excluding Fe) in soil samples from within and 30 m away from the automobile workshops in the various zones are 143.1 (88.6), 118.6 (86.9), 129.1 (79.2) and 143.3 (113.0) for SE, SW, NE and NW respectively (the values in bracket represents DTS). When compared with mean concentrations for other cities. The results revealed higher concentrations of heavy metals in topsoil samples than in 30 m away from the epicentre samples. The samples from North West and South East part of the city had higher Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents than samples from the other Locations. All the heavy metals show significant differences in their means across the two sampling locations (TS and DTS). The correlation analysis showed that all the heavy metals were significantly correlated with each other. The principal component analysis produced only one component which accounted for 69.414% of the total variation between the heavy metals.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Levels of Heavy Metals in Soil Sample from Active Automobile Workshops in Benin City
    AU  - Anegbe Bala
    AU  - Okuo James Majebi
    AU  - Okieimen Felix Ebhodaghe
    AU  - Ugbune Ufuoma
    AU  - Emina Rosemary Anwuli
    Y1  - 2019/03/14
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
    SP  - 7
    EP  - 17
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1460
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.12
    AB  - The evaluation of heavy metals contamination of soils as a means of monitoring the status of the environment for the good of the ecosystem is crucial. Benin city was subdivided into four zones (south east SE, south west SW, north east NE and north west NW) In this study, top soil (TS) and distance top soil (DTS) samples from three hundred and thirty-nine auto repair workshops in Benin City, Nigeria were assessed for physico-chemical properties and heavy metals (HMs), using standard methods. The main soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon and particle sizes) were determined for a network of representative sampling sites. The results shows that the average levels of the heavy metals (excluding Fe) in soil samples from within and 30 m away from the automobile workshops in the various zones are 143.1 (88.6), 118.6 (86.9), 129.1 (79.2) and 143.3 (113.0) for SE, SW, NE and NW respectively (the values in bracket represents DTS). When compared with mean concentrations for other cities. The results revealed higher concentrations of heavy metals in topsoil samples than in 30 m away from the epicentre samples. The samples from North West and South East part of the city had higher Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents than samples from the other Locations. All the heavy metals show significant differences in their means across the two sampling locations (TS and DTS). The correlation analysis showed that all the heavy metals were significantly correlated with each other. The principal component analysis produced only one component which accounted for 69.414% of the total variation between the heavy metals.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Basic and Industrial Chemistry, Western Delta University, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria

  • Environmental Analytical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

  • GeoEnvironmental and Climate Change, Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry, Delta State College of Education, Mosogar, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry, Chrisland University, Abeokuta, Nigeria

  • Section