Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology

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The State of Water Supply and Sanitation in Government Primary Schools in Dares Salaam Region a Case of Kinondoni Municipality

Received: Mar. 06, 2018    Accepted: Apr. 09, 2018    Published: May 09, 2018
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Abstract

This paper sets out to assess the state of water supply and sanitation in government primary schools in Kinondoni Municipality. It based on data collected in 2013. A cross-sectional study design was adopted, collecting data through the use of questionnaire, in-depth interviews and observation from ten public primary schools in the study area. Statistical Package for social science (SPSS) was used to clean and analyse the data collected. The study found out that there is inadequate and unreliable water supply, water storage facilities and shortage of functioning hand-washing facilities. The available sanitation facilities are poorly utilized due to various reasons including pupils’ background personal hygiene, sanitation technology, pupils’ population, lack of hygiene education and school weakness in implementing School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (SWASH) guideline. The study concludes that although the government primary schools in Kinondoni Municipality own a variety of water sources and sanitation facilities, generally there is inadequate coverage of water and sanitation facilities in primary schools. Also the SWASH guidelines did not specify who is to be responsible for the maintenance costs, awareness creation to teachers, parents, and pupils as well cultural aspect on the use of SWASH facilities were not considered. To increase water reliability at schools, multiple sources (water tape and deep wells) could be the best solution. Parents and pupils should be involved in SWASH program awareness and consider economic (maintenance costs) and cultural appropriateness, also to avoid punishing pupils by using toilet cleaning at schools.

DOI 10.11648/j.fem.20180403.11
Published in Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology ( Volume 4, Issue 3, June 2018 )
Page(s) 81-87
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sanitation, Hygiene, Hand Washing

References
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[3] Chitty, Alexandra, Roma, Elisa, Durrans, Sophie, (2017). Policy Brief. Process Evaluation of Tanzania’s National Sanitation Campaign. Sanitation, Hygiene Applied Research for Equity (SHARE). London.
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[17] URT, (2012) Ministry of education and Vocational Training National Strategic Plan for School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (swash) 2012 -2017. Dar es Salaam.
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[20] URT, (2016). Primary School Enrolment by Sex and Age Datasets. President’s Office-Regional Adminstration and Local Government (PORALG). Government Printers. Dar es Salaam.
[21] WaterAid and UNICEF, (2009) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene report of 16 districts in Tanzania (Unpublished report) Dar es Salaam.
[22] WaterAid, (2011). “Wash Sector Overview” at http://tanzania.wateraid.org/about-us/wash-sector-overview [Retrieved on 12th May 2012]
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  • APA Style

    Mafuru Solomi Juma, Peter Elia Mosha, Stanslaus Mbonea Msuya. (2018). The State of Water Supply and Sanitation in Government Primary Schools in Dares Salaam Region a Case of Kinondoni Municipality. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 4(3), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20180403.11

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    ACS Style

    Mafuru Solomi Juma; Peter Elia Mosha; Stanslaus Mbonea Msuya. The State of Water Supply and Sanitation in Government Primary Schools in Dares Salaam Region a Case of Kinondoni Municipality. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2018, 4(3), 81-87. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20180403.11

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    AMA Style

    Mafuru Solomi Juma, Peter Elia Mosha, Stanslaus Mbonea Msuya. The State of Water Supply and Sanitation in Government Primary Schools in Dares Salaam Region a Case of Kinondoni Municipality. Front Environ Microbiol. 2018;4(3):81-87. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20180403.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.fem.20180403.11,
      author = {Mafuru Solomi Juma and Peter Elia Mosha and Stanslaus Mbonea Msuya},
      title = {The State of Water Supply and Sanitation in Government Primary Schools in Dares Salaam Region a Case of Kinondoni Municipality},
      journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
      volume = {4},
      number = {3},
      pages = {81-87},
      doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20180403.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20180403.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20180403.11},
      abstract = {This paper sets out to assess the state of water supply and sanitation in government primary schools in Kinondoni Municipality. It based on data collected in 2013. A cross-sectional study design was adopted, collecting data through the use of questionnaire, in-depth interviews and observation from ten public primary schools in the study area. Statistical Package for social science (SPSS) was used to clean and analyse the data collected. The study found out that there is inadequate and unreliable water supply, water storage facilities and shortage of functioning hand-washing facilities. The available sanitation facilities are poorly utilized due to various reasons including pupils’ background personal hygiene, sanitation technology, pupils’ population, lack of hygiene education and school weakness in implementing School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (SWASH) guideline. The study concludes that although the government primary schools in Kinondoni Municipality own a variety of water sources and sanitation facilities, generally there is inadequate coverage of water and sanitation facilities in primary schools. Also the SWASH guidelines did not specify who is to be responsible for the maintenance costs, awareness creation to teachers, parents, and pupils as well cultural aspect on the use of SWASH facilities were not considered. To increase water reliability at schools, multiple sources (water tape and deep wells) could be the best solution. Parents and pupils should be involved in SWASH program awareness and consider economic (maintenance costs) and cultural appropriateness, also to avoid punishing pupils by using toilet cleaning at schools.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The State of Water Supply and Sanitation in Government Primary Schools in Dares Salaam Region a Case of Kinondoni Municipality
    AU  - Mafuru Solomi Juma
    AU  - Peter Elia Mosha
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    JO  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20180403.11
    AB  - This paper sets out to assess the state of water supply and sanitation in government primary schools in Kinondoni Municipality. It based on data collected in 2013. A cross-sectional study design was adopted, collecting data through the use of questionnaire, in-depth interviews and observation from ten public primary schools in the study area. Statistical Package for social science (SPSS) was used to clean and analyse the data collected. The study found out that there is inadequate and unreliable water supply, water storage facilities and shortage of functioning hand-washing facilities. The available sanitation facilities are poorly utilized due to various reasons including pupils’ background personal hygiene, sanitation technology, pupils’ population, lack of hygiene education and school weakness in implementing School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (SWASH) guideline. The study concludes that although the government primary schools in Kinondoni Municipality own a variety of water sources and sanitation facilities, generally there is inadequate coverage of water and sanitation facilities in primary schools. Also the SWASH guidelines did not specify who is to be responsible for the maintenance costs, awareness creation to teachers, parents, and pupils as well cultural aspect on the use of SWASH facilities were not considered. To increase water reliability at schools, multiple sources (water tape and deep wells) could be the best solution. Parents and pupils should be involved in SWASH program awareness and consider economic (maintenance costs) and cultural appropriateness, also to avoid punishing pupils by using toilet cleaning at schools.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Environmental Planning, Institute of Rural Development Planning, Dodoma, Tanzania

  • Department of Population Studies, Institute of Rural Development Planning, Dodoma, Tanzania

  • Department of Environmental Planning, Institute of Rural Development Planning, Dodoma, Tanzania

  • Section