The quest for smaller multifunctional elements of devices has increasingly allured the interest in quantum phenomena at the nanoscale. The development, design and implementation of novel methods and techniques to self-assemble zero- and one-dimensional new-generation nanostructures and composites, and thin films, conducive to new technology are still a critical challenge in materials science. This special issue is thus focused on the significant breakthroughs in this research field advancing innovative miniaturization strategies to control and devise the size, shape, structure and composition of nanostructures, nanocomposites, thin films and superlattices, and tuning their corresponding interfacial interactions. This special issue also covers a comprehensive examination of the correlation between their geometry and properties, and provides the current status of the most emerging potential applications. This special issue offers a unique forum and international platform for researchers in academia and industry to widely disseminate and discuss their knowledge with experts in this field.