Recent trends of population aging and youth outflow have led to significant challenges in regions facing population decline and weakening socioeconomic infrastructure. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the Local Extinction Risk Index—which is computed as the ratio of females aged 20 to 39 to individuals aged 65 and over (with values below 0.5 indicating high regional extinction risk)—and residents’ subjective perception of their health. We constructed a balanced panel data set using data from 154 administrative regions in Korea spanning from 2012 to 2018, sourced from national statistical agencies and regional health surveys. The data encompass indicators of health services, individual behaviors, social environment, and economy environment. We performed panel regression analyses using both random and fixed effects models and selected the fixed effects model based on the Hausman test. After controlling for health services, individual behaviors, social environment, and economy environment, our analysis reveals a statistically significant positive association between the Local Extinction Risk Index and residents’ subjective perception of their health. Regions with higher values of the index—reflecting more stable demographic structures and lower extinction risk—tend to exhibit more favorable health perceptions. The study confirms that demographic stability is a key factor influencing residents’ subjective health evaluations. These findings suggest that policies aimed at enhancing demographic stability may contribute to improved health perceptions and offer practical insights for policymakers focused on regional revitalization and public health improvement.

Local Extinction Risk Index, Subjective Health Level Perception Rate, Panel Analysis