Studies on the Harm, Flight Ability and Host Selection of <i>Sirex noctilio</i>

Li Siteng; Tao Jing

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12

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Studies on the Harm, Flight Ability and Host Selection of Sirex noctilio

Li Siteng, Tao Jing

Published in American Journal of Entomology (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 15 July 2019 Accepted: 20 August 2019 Published: 10 September 2019

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Abstract

In order to determine the damaging characteristics of Sirex noctililo, we used five-point sampling mode to conduct a survey, investigating the number, characteristics, and vertical distribution of the emergence holes. We also studied the damaging characteristics of the larva in the forest farm where the pest naturally occurs. By conducting host preference research in a laboratory environment, we predicted the potential hosts of Sirex noctililo and observed the ovipositional behavior of female adults. The flight capacity of the adult Sirex noctililo of 1-7 days of age was tested for 24 hours in a Jiaduo flight mill system. Total flight distance, total flight duration, and average flight speed were recorded. According to the results, the emergence holes of Sirex noctililo were positively circular, and the diameter was about 2.10 - 7.00 mm and distributed in the trunk height of 0 - 4. 20 m, having distinct difference with that of the emergence holes of other species of borer pests. he larvae's tunnels displayed circular cross-sections and were filled with feces and xylem-colored bore dust. Additionally, unlike some borers, the S. noctilio larvae's tunnels lacked fras holes. Sirex noctililo had a distinct preference for Pinus tabuliformi Carr. and Pinus massoniana Lamb. The one-day-old adults had maximized flight capacity, relying on which Sirex noctililo could spread 18.71 km annually. The study provides a reliable reference point for identifying and monitoring Sirex noctililo in the field in China. Moreover, the study preliminarily assesses the risk of Sirex noctililo continuing to spread.

Published in	American Journal of Entomology (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12
Page(s)	61-65
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sirex noctilio, Invasive Species, Damaging Characteristics, Oviposition, Flight Capacity

References

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[2]	JL Madden (1988). Sirex in Australasia. Dynamics of forest insect populations: Springer. 407-429.
[3]	M. P. Ayres, J. M. Sullivan, T. Harrison, et al (2009). Diagnosing the presence of Sirex noctilio from examination of dead and dying pine trees. Report for USDA APHIS.
[4]	A. J. Carnegie, R. H. Eldridge, D. G. Waterson (2005). History and management of Sirex woodwasp in pine plantations in New South Wales, Australia. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science. 35 (1): 3.
[5]	A. G. Farji-Brener, J. C. Corley (1998). Successful invasions of hymenopteran insects into NW Patagonia. Ecología austral. 8 (02): 237-249.
[6]	S. W. Myers, K. E. Zylstra, J. A. Francese, et al (2014). Phenology and flight periodicity of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in central New York, USA. Agricultural and forest entomology. 16 (2): 129-135.
[7]	G. D. Tribe (1995). The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), a pest of Pinus species, now established in South Africa. African Entomology. 3 (2): 215-217.
[8]	E. T. Iede, S. R. C. Penteado and E. G. Schaitza (1998). Sirex noctilio problem in Brazil: detection, evaluation, and control. Pages45-52 In Proceeding of a Conference: Training in the Control of Sirex noctilio by the Use of Natural Enemies. USDA Forest Service, FHTET 98-13.
[9]	X. B. Liu, Z. J. Zheng, F. Zhou, et al (2017). Effects of age (in days), gender and nematode infection on the flight capacity of Sirex noctilio. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology. (6): 933-939.
[10]	D. M. Keeler (2012). Flight period and species composition of Sirex (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and associated Deladenus (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) within Arkansas pine forests. Dissertations & Theses-Gradworks.
[11]	K. Ryan, B. P. Hurley (2012). Life history and biology of Sirex noctilio, The Sirex Woodwasp and its Fungal Symbiont: Springer, Dordrech. 15-30.
[12]	J. C. Corley, J. M. Villacide (2012). Population dynamics of Sirex noctilio: influence of diapause, spatial aggregation and flight potential on outbreaks and spread, The Sirex Woodwasp and its Fungal Symbiont: Springer, Dordrecht. 51-64.
[13]	A. S. Martínez, J. Villacide, A. A. A. Fernández, et al (2014). Sirex noctilio flight behavior: toward improving current monitoring techniques. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 152 (2): 135-140.
[14]	O. A. Bruzzone, J. M. Villacide, C. Bernstein, et al (2009). Flight variability in the wood wasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae): an analysis of flight data using wavelets. Journal of Experimental Biology. 212 (5): 731-737.
[15]	L. J. Haavik, J. D. Allison, C. J. K. MacQuarrie, et al (2016). Nonlethal effects of nematode infection on Sirex noctilio and Sirex nigricornis (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). Environmental entomology. 45 (2): 320-327.

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Li Siteng, Tao Jing. (2019). Studies on the Harm, Flight Ability and Host Selection of Sirex noctilio. American Journal of Entomology, 3(3), 61-65. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12

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ACS Style

Li Siteng; Tao Jing. Studies on the Harm, Flight Ability and Host Selection of Sirex noctilio. Am. J. Entomol. 2019, 3(3), 61-65. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12

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AMA Style

Li Siteng, Tao Jing. Studies on the Harm, Flight Ability and Host Selection of Sirex noctilio. Am J Entomol. 2019;3(3):61-65. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12

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@article{10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12,
  author = {Li Siteng and Tao Jing},
  title = {Studies on the Harm, Flight Ability and Host Selection of Sirex noctilio},
  journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {61-65},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20190303.12},
  abstract = {In order to determine the damaging characteristics of Sirex noctililo, we used five-point sampling mode to conduct a survey, investigating the number, characteristics, and vertical distribution of the emergence holes. We also studied the damaging characteristics of the larva in the forest farm where the pest naturally occurs. By conducting host preference research in a laboratory environment, we predicted the potential hosts of Sirex noctililo and observed the ovipositional behavior of female adults. The flight capacity of the adult Sirex noctililo of 1-7 days of age was tested for 24 hours in a Jiaduo flight mill system. Total flight distance, total flight duration, and average flight speed were recorded. According to the results, the emergence holes of Sirex noctililo were positively circular, and the diameter was about 2.10 - 7.00 mm and distributed in the trunk height of 0 - 4. 20 m, having distinct difference with that of the emergence holes of other species of borer pests. he larvae's tunnels displayed circular cross-sections and were filled with feces and xylem-colored bore dust. Additionally, unlike some borers, the S. noctilio larvae's tunnels lacked fras holes. Sirex noctililo had a distinct preference for Pinus tabuliformi Carr. and Pinus massoniana Lamb. The one-day-old adults had maximized flight capacity, relying on which Sirex noctililo could spread 18.71 km annually. The study provides a reliable reference point for identifying and monitoring Sirex noctililo in the field in China. Moreover, the study preliminarily assesses the risk of Sirex noctililo continuing to spread.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Studies on the Harm, Flight Ability and Host Selection of Sirex noctilio
AU - Li Siteng
AU - Tao Jing
Y1 - 2019/09/10
PY - 2019
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12
DO - 10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12
T2 - American Journal of Entomology
JF - American Journal of Entomology
JO - American Journal of Entomology
SP - 61
EP - 65
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2640-0537
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12
AB - In order to determine the damaging characteristics of Sirex noctililo, we used five-point sampling mode to conduct a survey, investigating the number, characteristics, and vertical distribution of the emergence holes. We also studied the damaging characteristics of the larva in the forest farm where the pest naturally occurs. By conducting host preference research in a laboratory environment, we predicted the potential hosts of Sirex noctililo and observed the ovipositional behavior of female adults. The flight capacity of the adult Sirex noctililo of 1-7 days of age was tested for 24 hours in a Jiaduo flight mill system. Total flight distance, total flight duration, and average flight speed were recorded. According to the results, the emergence holes of Sirex noctililo were positively circular, and the diameter was about 2.10 - 7.00 mm and distributed in the trunk height of 0 - 4. 20 m, having distinct difference with that of the emergence holes of other species of borer pests. he larvae's tunnels displayed circular cross-sections and were filled with feces and xylem-colored bore dust. Additionally, unlike some borers, the S. noctilio larvae's tunnels lacked fras holes. Sirex noctililo had a distinct preference for Pinus tabuliformi Carr. and Pinus massoniana Lamb. The one-day-old adults had maximized flight capacity, relying on which Sirex noctililo could spread 18.71 km annually. The study provides a reliable reference point for identifying and monitoring Sirex noctililo in the field in China. Moreover, the study preliminarily assesses the risk of Sirex noctililo continuing to spread.
VL - 3
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Li Siteng

Beijing 101 High School, Beijing, P. R. China
Tao Jing

Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China

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APA Style

Li Siteng, Tao Jing. (2019). Studies on the Harm, Flight Ability and Host Selection of Sirex noctilio. American Journal of Entomology, 3(3), 61-65. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12

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ACS Style

Li Siteng; Tao Jing. Studies on the Harm, Flight Ability and Host Selection of Sirex noctilio. Am. J. Entomol. 2019, 3(3), 61-65. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12

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AMA Style

Li Siteng, Tao Jing. Studies on the Harm, Flight Ability and Host Selection of Sirex noctilio. Am J Entomol. 2019;3(3):61-65. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12

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@article{10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12,
  author = {Li Siteng and Tao Jing},
  title = {Studies on the Harm, Flight Ability and Host Selection of Sirex noctilio},
  journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {61-65},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20190303.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20190303.12},
  abstract = {In order to determine the damaging characteristics of Sirex noctililo, we used five-point sampling mode to conduct a survey, investigating the number, characteristics, and vertical distribution of the emergence holes. We also studied the damaging characteristics of the larva in the forest farm where the pest naturally occurs. By conducting host preference research in a laboratory environment, we predicted the potential hosts of Sirex noctililo and observed the ovipositional behavior of female adults. The flight capacity of the adult Sirex noctililo of 1-7 days of age was tested for 24 hours in a Jiaduo flight mill system. Total flight distance, total flight duration, and average flight speed were recorded. According to the results, the emergence holes of Sirex noctililo were positively circular, and the diameter was about 2.10 - 7.00 mm and distributed in the trunk height of 0 - 4. 20 m, having distinct difference with that of the emergence holes of other species of borer pests. he larvae's tunnels displayed circular cross-sections and were filled with feces and xylem-colored bore dust. Additionally, unlike some borers, the S. noctilio larvae's tunnels lacked fras holes. Sirex noctililo had a distinct preference for Pinus tabuliformi Carr. and Pinus massoniana Lamb. The one-day-old adults had maximized flight capacity, relying on which Sirex noctililo could spread 18.71 km annually. The study provides a reliable reference point for identifying and monitoring Sirex noctililo in the field in China. Moreover, the study preliminarily assesses the risk of Sirex noctililo continuing to spread.},
 year = {2019}
}

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