Mass Rearing of <i>Haplaxius crudus</i> (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), an Important Insect Pest in the Palm Oil Industry of Colombia

Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana; Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey; Anuar Morales-Rodriguez

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13

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Mass Rearing of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), an Important Insect Pest in the Palm Oil Industry of Colombia

Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana, Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey, Anuar Morales-Rodriguez

Published in American Journal of Entomology (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 13 August 2020 Accepted: 31 August 2020 Published: 25 September 2020

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Abstract

The palm leafhopper, Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), is a vector of the pathogen that causes the lethal wilt disease in oil palm in Colombia. The development of a methodology for mass rearing of this insect is required to study its biology, behavior, population control, and to determine the causal agent of the lethal wilt disease. The experiment was carried out in Colombia, at the Research Experimental Center "Palmar de las Corocoras" of Cenipalma. The environmental conditions of the rearing unit during the study were 25.7±3.4°C, and 85±13% R. H. The mass production of H. crudus required the performance of five processes: 1) Planting and maintenance of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombasa grass, which hosts H. crudus nymphs, and of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) var. dwarf yellow, to hold the adult insects; 2) Collecting nymphs in fields to create a breeding stock; 3) Infesting clumps of P. maximum grass with H. crudus eggs; 4) Maintaining the infested clumps, and 5) Trapping of emerging adults in cages. The time from the infestation of the clumps of grass, to the emergence of adults took 56.2±4.1 days. The rearing unit reached an average production of 3,145 adults per week (52.8% female and 47.2% male). The development of this rearing enables the production of enough H. crudus individuals to research lethal wilt, to mitigate the impact of this disease on the Colombian oil palm growing industry.

Published in	American Journal of Entomology (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13
Page(s)	39-44
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mass Production of Insects, Lethal Wilt, Palm Leafhopper

References

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[2]	Silva, F. G., Passos, E. M., Diniz, L. E. C., Teodoro, A. V., Talamini, V., Fernandes, M. F., Dollet, M. (2019). Occurrence in Brazil of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), Vector of Coconut Lethal Yellowing. Neotropical Entomology 48 (1): 171-174.
[3]	Arango, M., Ospina, C. A., Sierra, L. J., Martínez, G. (2011). Myndus crudus: vector del agente causante de la marchitez letal en palma de aceite en Colombia. Palmas 32 (2): 13-25.
[4]	Torres, E., Tovar, J. (2004). Estudio epidemiológico de la enfermedad marchitez letal de la palma de aceite en plantaciones de Villanueva, Casanare. Palmas 25 (2): 210-211.
[5]	Fedepalma (2015) Informe de gestión. https://web.fedepalma.org/bigdata/InformedeGestiondeFedepalma2015.pdf.
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[7]	Howard, F. W., Moore, D., Giblin-Davis, R. M., Abad, R. G. (2001). Insects on palms. Wallingford, UK, CABI Publishing. 400 p.
[8]	Zenner De Polanía, I., Lopez, A. (1977). Apuntes sobre la biología y hábitos del Haplaxius pallidus, transmisor de la ‘marchitez sorpresiva’ en palma africana. Revista Colombiana de Entomología 3 (1-2): 49-62.
[9]	Bustillo, A. E., Arango, C. M. (2016). Las mejores prácticas para detener el avance de la marchitez letal (ML) en plantaciones de palma de aceite en Colombia. Palmas 37 (4): 75-90.
[10]	Beltrán, A. I. B., Bustillo, P. A. E., García, L. J. (2019). Biología de Haplaxius crudus Van Duzee (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), vector de la Marchitez Letal en palma de aceite. Memorias, 46 Congreso Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología. Medellín, Colombia.http://www.socolen.org.co/images/stories/pdf/46_congreso.pdf.
[11]	Moya, O. M., Bustillo P. A. E. (2015). Desarrollo de una cría masiva de Haplaxius crudus que permite investigaciones para el control de la Marchitez Letal. Póster, XVIII Conferencia Internacional sobre Palma de Aceite. Cartagena, Colombia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319649689.
[12]	Beltrán, A. I. J., Londoño, L. V., Rivera, Y., Bustillo, P. A. E. (2017). Cría masiva de Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), para el suministro de insectos con fines experimentales. Póster, XIV Reunión Técnica Nacional de Palma de Aceite. Bogotá, Colombia. http://web.fedepalma.org/sites/default/files/files/Cenipalma/posteres-rt-nacional/4_Cria_masiva_de_Haplaxius_crudus.pdf.
[13]	Sierra, L. J., Bustillo, A., Rosero, G., Gutiérrez, H., Martínez, J. (2014). Plantas hospederas del vector de la Marchitez letal, Haplaxius crudus, en plantaciones de palma de aceite. Cenipalma. Ceniavances 177: 1-4 p.
[14]	Lapointe, S. L., Sotelo, G., Serrano, M. S., Arango, G. (1989). Cría masiva de especies de cercópidos en invernadero. Pasturas Tropicales 11 (3): 25-28.
[15]	Barrios, C. E., Bustillo, P. A. E. (2016). El ácaro rojo Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) no es una plaga de la palma de aceite. Palmas 37 (2): 11-18.
[16]	Tsai, J. H., Woodiel, N. L., Kirsch, O. H. (1976). Rearing techniques for Haplaxius crudus (Homoptera: Cixiidae). Florida Entomologist 59 (1): 41-44.
[17]	Eden-Green, S. J. (1978). Rearing and transmission techniques for Haplaxius sp. (Hom: Cixiidae, a suspected vector of lethal yellowing disease of coconuts. Annals of Applied Biology 89 (2): 173-176.
[18]	Howard, F. W., Edwards, G. B. (1984). Web-building spiders on coconut palms and their prey (Arachnida; Araneae). Folia Entomológica Mexicana (62): 81-87.
[19]	Tsai, J. H., Kirsch, O. H. (1978). Bionomics of Haplaxius crudus (Homoptera: Cixiidae). Environmental Entomology 7 (2): 305-308.
[20]	Halbert, S. E., Wilson, S. W., Bextine, B., Youngblood, S. B. (2014). Potential planthopper vectors of palm phytoplasmas in Florida with a description of a new species of the genus Omolicna (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). Florida Entomologist 97 (1): 90-98.

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Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana, Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey, Anuar Morales-Rodriguez. (2020). Mass Rearing of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), an Important Insect Pest in the Palm Oil Industry of Colombia. American Journal of Entomology, 4(2), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13

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ACS Style

Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana; Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey; Anuar Morales-Rodriguez. Mass Rearing of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), an Important Insect Pest in the Palm Oil Industry of Colombia. Am. J. Entomol. 2020, 4(2), 39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13

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AMA Style

Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana, Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey, Anuar Morales-Rodriguez. Mass Rearing of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), an Important Insect Pest in the Palm Oil Industry of Colombia. Am J Entomol. 2020;4(2):39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13

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@article{10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13,
  author = {Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana and Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey and Anuar Morales-Rodriguez},
  title = {Mass Rearing of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), an Important Insect Pest in the Palm Oil Industry of Colombia},
  journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20200402.13},
  abstract = {The palm leafhopper, Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), is a vector of the pathogen that causes the lethal wilt disease in oil palm in Colombia. The development of a methodology for mass rearing of this insect is required to study its biology, behavior, population control, and to determine the causal agent of the lethal wilt disease. The experiment was carried out in Colombia, at the Research Experimental Center "Palmar de las Corocoras" of Cenipalma. The environmental conditions of the rearing unit during the study were 25.7±3.4°C, and 85±13% R. H. The mass production of H. crudus required the performance of five processes: 1) Planting and maintenance of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombasa grass, which hosts H. crudus nymphs, and of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) var. dwarf yellow, to hold the adult insects; 2) Collecting nymphs in fields to create a breeding stock; 3) Infesting clumps of P. maximum grass with H. crudus eggs; 4) Maintaining the infested clumps, and 5) Trapping of emerging adults in cages. The time from the infestation of the clumps of grass, to the emergence of adults took 56.2±4.1 days. The rearing unit reached an average production of 3,145 adults per week (52.8% female and 47.2% male). The development of this rearing enables the production of enough H. crudus individuals to research lethal wilt, to mitigate the impact of this disease on the Colombian oil palm growing industry.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Mass Rearing of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), an Important Insect Pest in the Palm Oil Industry of Colombia
AU - Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana
AU - Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey
AU - Anuar Morales-Rodriguez
Y1 - 2020/09/25
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13
DO - 10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13
T2 - American Journal of Entomology
JF - American Journal of Entomology
JO - American Journal of Entomology
SP - 39
EP - 44
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2640-0537
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13
AB - The palm leafhopper, Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), is a vector of the pathogen that causes the lethal wilt disease in oil palm in Colombia. The development of a methodology for mass rearing of this insect is required to study its biology, behavior, population control, and to determine the causal agent of the lethal wilt disease. The experiment was carried out in Colombia, at the Research Experimental Center "Palmar de las Corocoras" of Cenipalma. The environmental conditions of the rearing unit during the study were 25.7±3.4°C, and 85±13% R. H. The mass production of H. crudus required the performance of five processes: 1) Planting and maintenance of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombasa grass, which hosts H. crudus nymphs, and of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) var. dwarf yellow, to hold the adult insects; 2) Collecting nymphs in fields to create a breeding stock; 3) Infesting clumps of P. maximum grass with H. crudus eggs; 4) Maintaining the infested clumps, and 5) Trapping of emerging adults in cages. The time from the infestation of the clumps of grass, to the emergence of adults took 56.2±4.1 days. The rearing unit reached an average production of 3,145 adults per week (52.8% female and 47.2% male). The development of this rearing enables the production of enough H. crudus individuals to research lethal wilt, to mitigate the impact of this disease on the Colombian oil palm growing industry.
VL - 4
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana

Entomology Department, Colombian Oil Palm Research Centre, Paratebueno, Colombia
Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey

Entomology Department, Colombian Oil Palm Research Centre, Bogotá, Colombia
Anuar Morales-Rodriguez

Entomology Department, Colombian Oil Palm Research Centre, Bogotá, Colombia

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APA Style

Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana, Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey, Anuar Morales-Rodriguez. (2020). Mass Rearing of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), an Important Insect Pest in the Palm Oil Industry of Colombia. American Journal of Entomology, 4(2), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13

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Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana; Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey; Anuar Morales-Rodriguez. Mass Rearing of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), an Important Insect Pest in the Palm Oil Industry of Colombia. Am. J. Entomol. 2020, 4(2), 39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13

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AMA Style

Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana, Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey, Anuar Morales-Rodriguez. Mass Rearing of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), an Important Insect Pest in the Palm Oil Industry of Colombia. Am J Entomol. 2020;4(2):39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13

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@article{10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13,
  author = {Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana and Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey and Anuar Morales-Rodriguez},
  title = {Mass Rearing of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), an Important Insect Pest in the Palm Oil Industry of Colombia},
  journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200402.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20200402.13},
  abstract = {The palm leafhopper, Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), is a vector of the pathogen that causes the lethal wilt disease in oil palm in Colombia. The development of a methodology for mass rearing of this insect is required to study its biology, behavior, population control, and to determine the causal agent of the lethal wilt disease. The experiment was carried out in Colombia, at the Research Experimental Center "Palmar de las Corocoras" of Cenipalma. The environmental conditions of the rearing unit during the study were 25.7±3.4°C, and 85±13% R. H. The mass production of H. crudus required the performance of five processes: 1) Planting and maintenance of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombasa grass, which hosts H. crudus nymphs, and of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) var. dwarf yellow, to hold the adult insects; 2) Collecting nymphs in fields to create a breeding stock; 3) Infesting clumps of P. maximum grass with H. crudus eggs; 4) Maintaining the infested clumps, and 5) Trapping of emerging adults in cages. The time from the infestation of the clumps of grass, to the emergence of adults took 56.2±4.1 days. The rearing unit reached an average production of 3,145 adults per week (52.8% female and 47.2% male). The development of this rearing enables the production of enough H. crudus individuals to research lethal wilt, to mitigate the impact of this disease on the Colombian oil palm growing industry.},
 year = {2020}
}

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