@article{10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11,
  author = {Kristen Keana Ritchie and Ricardo Lzurieta and Ismael Hoare and Namit Choudhari and Kayleigh Murray and Brooke Yost and David Fiess and Paolo Pecora and Anthony Masys and Jesse Casanova and Benjamin George Jacob},
  title = {Mapping Ae. aegypti Bird Bath Habitats for Implementing "Seek and Destroy" Larval Source Management in Hillsborough County, FL. USA},
  journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20240801.11},
  abstract = {Bird baths pose a threat to human life as they are the perfect foci for Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, a mosquito that can spread chikungunya, Zika fever, Rift Valley fever, Mayaro, Yellow fever, and dengue under the right temperature and precipitation conditions. The vector lays its eggs in containers with standing water, which later emerge as blood-feeding adult females that can transmit these viruses. Unfortunately, past entomological models contributed to literature have not been able to predictively map precise geolocations of aquatic larval habitats of Ae. aegypti. This is primarily due to limited remote sensing tools [e.g., acquiring epi-entomologic habitat data using ground-level survey with a Google Map, differentially collected Global Positioning Systems (GPS) tracker, etc.]. Thus, many Ae. aegypti habitats may go undetected even in open, canopied, land cover areas. We employed ArcGIS Pro, Python, and R to develop multiple satellite spectral signature models for predicting Ae. aegypti bird bath habitats in Hillsborough County, Florida. We interpolated a georeferenced, county abatement, high-income, residential, bird bath, Red, Green, and Blue [RGB], Sentinel-2, 10-meter resolution, spectral signature in Python. Incorporating other prolific, Ae. aegypti, larval/pupal habitat, seasonal, gridded, zip code, land use/land cover [LULC], stratified, Normalized Difference Vegetation [NDVI], and elevation satellite maps allowed eco-cartographically distinguishing unknown potential super breeder foci backyards [> 3 bird bath larval/pupal habitats] as well as individual aquatic breeding site foci in the intervention, county abatement, study site. Since we knew the aquatic habitat data occurrence abundance and distribution, a priori, eigen-autocorrelation, eigen-spatial filter algorithm attempted to spatially geolocate potentially hyperendemic clustered habitat patterns [i.e., ‘hot spots’] and dispersed habitat patterns [i.e., ‘cold spots’]. We subsequently field-verified the habitat signature entomological habitat model forecasts. The sensitivity and specificity of the ground truth exercises revealed a model approaching 100 percent for identifying aquatic, birdbath, Ae. aegypti, larval habitats. The Moran's Index [I] indicated slight geospatial negative autocorrelation; [Moran's Index: -0.143071, z-score: -1.057957, p-value: 0.290075], hence the breeding site aquatic foci were dispersed. Remote sensing data can be used for constructing LULC, NDVI, elevation and signature models which can be used for implementing "Seek and Destroy" a real-time larval source management [LSM] system for informing individual homeowners and residents using social media for removing standing water in bird baths, twice a week. 
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mapping Ae. aegypti Bird Bath Habitats for Implementing "Seek and Destroy" Larval Source Management in Hillsborough County, FL. USA
AU  - Kristen Keana Ritchie
AU  - Ricardo Lzurieta
AU  - Ismael Hoare
AU  - Namit Choudhari
AU  - Kayleigh Murray
AU  - Brooke Yost
AU  - David Fiess
AU  - Paolo Pecora
AU  - Anthony Masys
AU  - Jesse Casanova
AU  - Benjamin George Jacob
Y1  - 2024/01/11
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11
T2  - American Journal of Entomology
JF  - American Journal of Entomology
JO  - American Journal of Entomology
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-0537
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11
AB  - Bird baths pose a threat to human life as they are the perfect foci for Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, a mosquito that can spread chikungunya, Zika fever, Rift Valley fever, Mayaro, Yellow fever, and dengue under the right temperature and precipitation conditions. The vector lays its eggs in containers with standing water, which later emerge as blood-feeding adult females that can transmit these viruses. Unfortunately, past entomological models contributed to literature have not been able to predictively map precise geolocations of aquatic larval habitats of Ae. aegypti. This is primarily due to limited remote sensing tools [e.g., acquiring epi-entomologic habitat data using ground-level survey with a Google Map, differentially collected Global Positioning Systems (GPS) tracker, etc.]. Thus, many Ae. aegypti habitats may go undetected even in open, canopied, land cover areas. We employed ArcGIS Pro, Python, and R to develop multiple satellite spectral signature models for predicting Ae. aegypti bird bath habitats in Hillsborough County, Florida. We interpolated a georeferenced, county abatement, high-income, residential, bird bath, Red, Green, and Blue [RGB], Sentinel-2, 10-meter resolution, spectral signature in Python. Incorporating other prolific, Ae. aegypti, larval/pupal habitat, seasonal, gridded, zip code, land use/land cover [LULC], stratified, Normalized Difference Vegetation [NDVI], and elevation satellite maps allowed eco-cartographically distinguishing unknown potential super breeder foci backyards [> 3 bird bath larval/pupal habitats] as well as individual aquatic breeding site foci in the intervention, county abatement, study site. Since we knew the aquatic habitat data occurrence abundance and distribution, a priori, eigen-autocorrelation, eigen-spatial filter algorithm attempted to spatially geolocate potentially hyperendemic clustered habitat patterns [i.e., ‘hot spots’] and dispersed habitat patterns [i.e., ‘cold spots’]. We subsequently field-verified the habitat signature entomological habitat model forecasts. The sensitivity and specificity of the ground truth exercises revealed a model approaching 100 percent for identifying aquatic, birdbath, Ae. aegypti, larval habitats. The Moran's Index [I] indicated slight geospatial negative autocorrelation; [Moran's Index: -0.143071, z-score: -1.057957, p-value: 0.290075], hence the breeding site aquatic foci were dispersed. Remote sensing data can be used for constructing LULC, NDVI, elevation and signature models which can be used for implementing "Seek and Destroy" a real-time larval source management [LSM] system for informing individual homeowners and residents using social media for removing standing water in bird baths, twice a week. 

VL  - 8
IS  - 1
ER  - 

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