@article{10.11648/j.ajetm.20230803.12,
  author = {Muneer Elyas Siddig Eltahir and Kamal Eldin Mohamed Fadl and Mohammed Adam Abbas Hamad and Ahmed Ismail Ahmed Safi and Hatim Mohamed Ahmed Elamin and Yahia Ibrahim Mohammed Abutaba and Faisal Ismail Musa and Tarig Elsheikh Mahmoud and Asmamaw Alemeu and Hamdon Ali Abdelrhman and Osman Elsaid Adlan and Salih Omer Tutu and Mohammed Hamed Mohammed and Yahia Omer Adam Gumaa and Awadelkareem Suliman Osman Khalifa and Abdalaziz Elsaid Hamad and Seif Aldin Dawina Abdallah Faragallah and Mohammed Osman Hassan and Medani Ismaeil and Heba Abdalla Noureldeen and Alsammani Ali Mohammed and Elsayed Mohamed Elmustafa Osman and Mohamed Elnour Taha and Manal Awad Kheiry},
  title = {Tapping Tools for Gum Arabic and Resins Production: A Review Paper},
  journal = {American Journal of Engineering and Technology Management},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {33-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajetm.20230803.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajetm.20230803.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajetm.20230803.12},
  abstract = {Gum Arabic and resins production is affected by many factors. Some of these factors biotic and others are non-biotic. The most important non-biotic factor is the tapping of the tree. However, tapping should be done properly in a way which does not harm the tree health. The purpose of this paper is to review and document tapping tools for gum Arabic and resins production. The most efficient and recommended tapping tool nowadays is Sonki compared with the traditional axe (Farrar). The Sonki was developed by the Gum Arabic Research Division (GRD) in Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC) and it was considered as efficient and effective and cheap tapping tool. It could be locally manufactured and easily adopted by the gum tappers in the gum belt of Sudan. It is reported that it is multi-function tool where it could be used for tapping the tree and harvesting the gum. Sonki does not record any negative effect on the tree health. On the other hand, it does not show any danger to the producers or the workers. It is worth to mention that it could be easily used by women and teenage. The Sonki is socially accepted, economically feasible and environmentally safe. Recently, the Sonki was adopted for training by international organizations such as IFAD, FAO, WFP and many other local and national organizations. Accordingly, it is said that it is the best and appropriate tool to be used for tapping Acacia senegal trees across gum belt in Sudan. Other tools such as Mengaf is widely used for resin production and axe for talha gum production. The review revealed that Acacia senegal is tapped by three tools where Sonki is the only recommended one. Acacia seyal is tapped by four tools, where Axe is the most common one, however, no significant difference recorded between the four in term of productivity. Acacia polycantha is tapped by three tools in which Farrar is the most common. For resins production, Boswellia papyrifera tree is tapped by Mengaf while Sterculia setigera tree is tapped by both Mengaf and Sumbok.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Tapping Tools for Gum Arabic and Resins Production: A Review Paper
AU  - Muneer Elyas Siddig Eltahir
AU  - Kamal Eldin Mohamed Fadl
AU  - Mohammed Adam Abbas Hamad
AU  - Ahmed Ismail Ahmed Safi
AU  - Hatim Mohamed Ahmed Elamin
AU  - Yahia Ibrahim Mohammed Abutaba
AU  - Faisal Ismail Musa
AU  - Tarig Elsheikh Mahmoud
AU  - Asmamaw Alemeu
AU  - Hamdon Ali Abdelrhman
AU  - Osman Elsaid Adlan
AU  - Salih Omer Tutu
AU  - Mohammed Hamed Mohammed
AU  - Yahia Omer Adam Gumaa
AU  - Awadelkareem Suliman Osman Khalifa
AU  - Abdalaziz Elsaid Hamad
AU  - Seif Aldin Dawina Abdallah Faragallah
AU  - Mohammed Osman Hassan
AU  - Medani Ismaeil
AU  - Heba Abdalla Noureldeen
AU  - Alsammani Ali Mohammed
AU  - Elsayed Mohamed Elmustafa Osman
AU  - Mohamed Elnour Taha
AU  - Manal Awad Kheiry
Y1  - 2023/08/15
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajetm.20230803.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajetm.20230803.12
T2  - American Journal of Engineering and Technology Management
JF  - American Journal of Engineering and Technology Management
JO  - American Journal of Engineering and Technology Management
SP  - 33
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1441
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajetm.20230803.12
AB  - Gum Arabic and resins production is affected by many factors. Some of these factors biotic and others are non-biotic. The most important non-biotic factor is the tapping of the tree. However, tapping should be done properly in a way which does not harm the tree health. The purpose of this paper is to review and document tapping tools for gum Arabic and resins production. The most efficient and recommended tapping tool nowadays is Sonki compared with the traditional axe (Farrar). The Sonki was developed by the Gum Arabic Research Division (GRD) in Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC) and it was considered as efficient and effective and cheap tapping tool. It could be locally manufactured and easily adopted by the gum tappers in the gum belt of Sudan. It is reported that it is multi-function tool where it could be used for tapping the tree and harvesting the gum. Sonki does not record any negative effect on the tree health. On the other hand, it does not show any danger to the producers or the workers. It is worth to mention that it could be easily used by women and teenage. The Sonki is socially accepted, economically feasible and environmentally safe. Recently, the Sonki was adopted for training by international organizations such as IFAD, FAO, WFP and many other local and national organizations. Accordingly, it is said that it is the best and appropriate tool to be used for tapping Acacia senegal trees across gum belt in Sudan. Other tools such as Mengaf is widely used for resin production and axe for talha gum production. The review revealed that Acacia senegal is tapped by three tools where Sonki is the only recommended one. Acacia seyal is tapped by four tools, where Axe is the most common one, however, no significant difference recorded between the four in term of productivity. Acacia polycantha is tapped by three tools in which Farrar is the most common. For resins production, Boswellia papyrifera tree is tapped by Mengaf while Sterculia setigera tree is tapped by both Mengaf and Sumbok.
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  - 

Copy | Download