Ray-tracing Analysis of Guided Power in Single- and Dual-core Optical Fibers

Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica; Ando Nirina Andriamanalina

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15

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Ray-tracing Analysis of Guided Power in Single- and Dual-core Optical Fibers

Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica^*

, Ando Nirina Andriamanalina

Published in American Journal of Information Science and Technology (Volume 9, Issue 4)

Received: 7 November 2025 Accepted: 17 November 2025 Published: 19 December 2025

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Abstract

Optical fibers serve as essential components in modern communication infrastructures, enabling the reliable transmission of large volumes of data across long distances with exceptionally low attenuation. The performance of these fibers is governed by several key factors, including the physical geometry of the fiber, the refractive-index distribution between the core and cladding, and the overall efficiency with which light is confined and guided within the core region. A comprehensive understanding of these parameters is crucial for predicting system behavior and optimizing fiber design for a wide range of applications. In this work, light propagation in both single-core and dual-core optical fibers is investigated using a simplified yet effective ray-tracing model. This modeling approach provides intuitive visualizations of ray trajectories and enables a quantitative analysis of the guided power fraction as a function of the launch angle. By examining how different launch conditions influence the proportion of light that remains confined within the fiber, the model offers insight into the mechanisms underlying mode propagation and coupling behavior in various fiber configurations. The results obtained from the simulations contribute both an instructive and predictive framework for evaluating the optical performance of single-core and dual-core fibers. This framework facilitates direct comparison between the two configurations and highlights their respective advantages, particularly in terms of light-guiding efficiency and potential application domains. Overall, the study demonstrates that simplified ray-based analyses can serve as valuable tools for understanding complex optical processes and guiding the development of improved fiber-based technologies.

Published in	American Journal of Information Science and Technology (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15
Page(s)	298-303
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Optical Fiber, Ray-tracing, Guided Power Fraction, Single-core Fiber, Dual-core Fiber, Acceptance Angle, Numerical Simulation

References

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[2]	Keiser, G. Optical Fiber Communications (5th ed.). McGraw?Hill Education, 2021.
[3]	Snyder, A. W., & Love, J. D. Optical Waveguide Theory. Chapman and Hall, 1983.
[4]	Marcuse, D. Theory of Dielectric Optical Waveguides. Academic Press, 1991.
[5]	Kawanishi, S., & Saruwatari, M. “Coupling Characteristics of Dual?Core Optical Fibers.” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 18(10), 1533-1541, 1982. https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.1982.1071448
[6]	Fu, H. Y., Tam, H. Y., Shao, L. Y., Lu, C., & Dong, X. “Dual?Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors.” IEEE Sensors Journal, 12(5), 1208-1213, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2012.2190185
[7]	Peng, G.-D. (Ed.). Handbook of Optical Fibers. Springer, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6310-6
[8]	Savović, S., Dai, W., Djordjevich, A., Aidinis, K., Li, Z., & Min, R. “Influence of launch beam distribution on power flow and angular division multiplexing in seven-core silica optical fibers.” Frontiers in Physics, 10, Article 993738, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2022.993738
[9]	Hu, D. J. J., Liu, L., Dong, H., & Zhang, H. “Design of a Broadband Fiber Optic Mode Coupler for Multimode Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in the O?band.” Photonics, 10(2), 162, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020162
[10]	Jørgensen, A. A., Kong, D., Henriksen, M. R., Klejs, F., Ye, Z., Helgason, Ò. B., Hansen, H. E., Hu, H., Yankov, M., Forchhammer, S., Andrekson, P., Larsson, A., Karlsson, M., Schröder, J., Sasaki, Y., Aikawa, K., Thomsen, J. W., Morioka, T., Galili, M., Torres?Company, V., & Oxenløwe, L. K. “Petabit?per?second data transmission using a chip?scale microcomb ring resonator source.” Nature Photonics, 16, 798-802 (2022). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-022-01082-z
[11]	Zhou, W., Zhang, Z., Chen, H., Tsang, H. K., & Tong, Y. “Ultra?Compact and Efficient Integrated Multichannel Mode Multiplexer in Silicon for Few?Mode Fibers.” Laser & Photonics Reviews, 18(4), Article 2300460, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202300460researchportal.hkust.edu.hk
[12]	Cheng, L., Mao, S., Chen, Z., Wang, Y., Zhao, C., & Fu, H. Y. “Ultra-compact dual?mode mode-size converter for silicon photonic few?mode fiber interfaces.” Optics Express, 29(21), 33728-33740, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.438839
[13]	Pita Ruiz, J. L., Dalvand, N., & Ménard, M. “Ultra-Compact Silicon Nitride Devices for High?Density Integration.” arXiv, 2025. arXiv: 2505.02662. not yet assigned (preprint) arXiv.
[14]	Tong, Y., Wu, W., & Tsang, H. K. “Efficient Mode Multiplexer for Few?Mode Fibres Using Integrated Silicon-on-Insulator Grating Coupler.” Student Paper, ECIO Conference, 2019.
[15]	(Additional) Geng, Y., et al. “Coherent optical communications using coherence-cloned Kerr soliton microcombs.” Nature Communications, 13, 1070, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28052-8

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APA Style

Erica, R. H. N., Andriamanalina, A. N. (2025). Ray-tracing Analysis of Guided Power in Single- and Dual-core Optical Fibers. American Journal of Information Science and Technology, 9(4), 298-303. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15

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ACS Style

Erica, R. H. N.; Andriamanalina, A. N. Ray-tracing Analysis of Guided Power in Single- and Dual-core Optical Fibers. Am. J. Inf. Sci. Technol. 2025, 9(4), 298-303. doi: 10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15

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AMA Style

Erica RHN, Andriamanalina AN. Ray-tracing Analysis of Guided Power in Single- and Dual-core Optical Fibers. Am J Inf Sci Technol. 2025;9(4):298-303. doi: 10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15,
  author = {Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica and Ando Nirina Andriamanalina},
  title = {Ray-tracing Analysis of Guided Power in Single- and Dual-core Optical Fibers},
  journal = {American Journal of Information Science and Technology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {298-303},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajist.20250904.15},
  abstract = {Optical fibers serve as essential components in modern communication infrastructures, enabling the reliable transmission of large volumes of data across long distances with exceptionally low attenuation. The performance of these fibers is governed by several key factors, including the physical geometry of the fiber, the refractive-index distribution between the core and cladding, and the overall efficiency with which light is confined and guided within the core region. A comprehensive understanding of these parameters is crucial for predicting system behavior and optimizing fiber design for a wide range of applications. In this work, light propagation in both single-core and dual-core optical fibers is investigated using a simplified yet effective ray-tracing model. This modeling approach provides intuitive visualizations of ray trajectories and enables a quantitative analysis of the guided power fraction as a function of the launch angle. By examining how different launch conditions influence the proportion of light that remains confined within the fiber, the model offers insight into the mechanisms underlying mode propagation and coupling behavior in various fiber configurations. The results obtained from the simulations contribute both an instructive and predictive framework for evaluating the optical performance of single-core and dual-core fibers. This framework facilitates direct comparison between the two configurations and highlights their respective advantages, particularly in terms of light-guiding efficiency and potential application domains. Overall, the study demonstrates that simplified ray-based analyses can serve as valuable tools for understanding complex optical processes and guiding the development of improved fiber-based technologies.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ray-tracing Analysis of Guided Power in Single- and Dual-core Optical Fibers
AU  - Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica
AU  - Ando Nirina Andriamanalina
Y1  - 2025/12/19
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15
T2  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
SP  - 298
EP  - 303
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-0588
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15
AB  - Optical fibers serve as essential components in modern communication infrastructures, enabling the reliable transmission of large volumes of data across long distances with exceptionally low attenuation. The performance of these fibers is governed by several key factors, including the physical geometry of the fiber, the refractive-index distribution between the core and cladding, and the overall efficiency with which light is confined and guided within the core region. A comprehensive understanding of these parameters is crucial for predicting system behavior and optimizing fiber design for a wide range of applications. In this work, light propagation in both single-core and dual-core optical fibers is investigated using a simplified yet effective ray-tracing model. This modeling approach provides intuitive visualizations of ray trajectories and enables a quantitative analysis of the guided power fraction as a function of the launch angle. By examining how different launch conditions influence the proportion of light that remains confined within the fiber, the model offers insight into the mechanisms underlying mode propagation and coupling behavior in various fiber configurations. The results obtained from the simulations contribute both an instructive and predictive framework for evaluating the optical performance of single-core and dual-core fibers. This framework facilitates direct comparison between the two configurations and highlights their respective advantages, particularly in terms of light-guiding efficiency and potential application domains. Overall, the study demonstrates that simplified ray-based analyses can serve as valuable tools for understanding complex optical processes and guiding the development of improved fiber-based technologies.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica

Telecommunications, Doctoral School of Engineering Science and Innovation Techniques (EDSTII), Antananarivo, Madagascar

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http://orcid.org/0009-0003-8089-172X
Ando Nirina Andriamanalina

Telecommunications, Doctoral School of Engineering Science and Innovation Techniques (EDSTII), Antananarivo, Madagascar

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Erica, R. H. N., Andriamanalina, A. N. (2025). Ray-tracing Analysis of Guided Power in Single- and Dual-core Optical Fibers. American Journal of Information Science and Technology, 9(4), 298-303. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15

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ACS Style

Erica, R. H. N.; Andriamanalina, A. N. Ray-tracing Analysis of Guided Power in Single- and Dual-core Optical Fibers. Am. J. Inf. Sci. Technol. 2025, 9(4), 298-303. doi: 10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15

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AMA Style

Erica RHN, Andriamanalina AN. Ray-tracing Analysis of Guided Power in Single- and Dual-core Optical Fibers. Am J Inf Sci Technol. 2025;9(4):298-303. doi: 10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15,
  author = {Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica and Ando Nirina Andriamanalina},
  title = {Ray-tracing Analysis of Guided Power in Single- and Dual-core Optical Fibers},
  journal = {American Journal of Information Science and Technology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {298-303},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajist.20250904.15},
  abstract = {Optical fibers serve as essential components in modern communication infrastructures, enabling the reliable transmission of large volumes of data across long distances with exceptionally low attenuation. The performance of these fibers is governed by several key factors, including the physical geometry of the fiber, the refractive-index distribution between the core and cladding, and the overall efficiency with which light is confined and guided within the core region. A comprehensive understanding of these parameters is crucial for predicting system behavior and optimizing fiber design for a wide range of applications. In this work, light propagation in both single-core and dual-core optical fibers is investigated using a simplified yet effective ray-tracing model. This modeling approach provides intuitive visualizations of ray trajectories and enables a quantitative analysis of the guided power fraction as a function of the launch angle. By examining how different launch conditions influence the proportion of light that remains confined within the fiber, the model offers insight into the mechanisms underlying mode propagation and coupling behavior in various fiber configurations. The results obtained from the simulations contribute both an instructive and predictive framework for evaluating the optical performance of single-core and dual-core fibers. This framework facilitates direct comparison between the two configurations and highlights their respective advantages, particularly in terms of light-guiding efficiency and potential application domains. Overall, the study demonstrates that simplified ray-based analyses can serve as valuable tools for understanding complex optical processes and guiding the development of improved fiber-based technologies.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ray-tracing Analysis of Guided Power in Single- and Dual-core Optical Fibers
AU  - Randriana Heritiana Nambinina Erica
AU  - Ando Nirina Andriamanalina
Y1  - 2025/12/19
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15
T2  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
SP  - 298
EP  - 303
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-0588
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20250904.15
AB  - Optical fibers serve as essential components in modern communication infrastructures, enabling the reliable transmission of large volumes of data across long distances with exceptionally low attenuation. The performance of these fibers is governed by several key factors, including the physical geometry of the fiber, the refractive-index distribution between the core and cladding, and the overall efficiency with which light is confined and guided within the core region. A comprehensive understanding of these parameters is crucial for predicting system behavior and optimizing fiber design for a wide range of applications. In this work, light propagation in both single-core and dual-core optical fibers is investigated using a simplified yet effective ray-tracing model. This modeling approach provides intuitive visualizations of ray trajectories and enables a quantitative analysis of the guided power fraction as a function of the launch angle. By examining how different launch conditions influence the proportion of light that remains confined within the fiber, the model offers insight into the mechanisms underlying mode propagation and coupling behavior in various fiber configurations. The results obtained from the simulations contribute both an instructive and predictive framework for evaluating the optical performance of single-core and dual-core fibers. This framework facilitates direct comparison between the two configurations and highlights their respective advantages, particularly in terms of light-guiding efficiency and potential application domains. Overall, the study demonstrates that simplified ray-based analyses can serve as valuable tools for understanding complex optical processes and guiding the development of improved fiber-based technologies.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download