| Peer-Reviewed

Germanium Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Square Lattice

Received: 11 March 2019     Accepted: 26 April 2019     Published: 15 May 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Using the plane-wave expansion method, we study the polarization-dependent photonic band diagrams (transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations), surface plots, gap maps etc. of the two-dimensional photonic crystals with square lattice of germanium rods in air and vice versa. The obtained graphs for the two possible combinations are presented in this paper. All the results depict clear photonic band gaps. We describe the conditions for the largest TE and TM band gaps too. The square lattice of Ge rods in air offers a large TE photonic band gap of 48.02% (for rod radius of r = 0.2μm). Then we localize the TE mode by introducing a point defect and a line defect in the crystal. The point defect act as a resonator and the line defect act as a waveguide. The finite-difference time-domain analysis of the localized defect modes is presented also.

Published in American Journal of Optics and Photonics (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajop.20190701.12
Page(s) 10-17
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Photonic Crystals, Transverse Electric Modes, Transverse Magnetic Modes, Plane Wave Expansion Method, Finite Difference Time Domain Method, Photonic Band Diagram, Gap Map, Square Lattice

References
[1] F. Wen, S. David, X. Checoury, M. El Kurdi, and P. Boucaud, “Two-dimensional photonic crystals with large complete photonic band gaps in both TE and TM polarizations,” Opt. Express, 16, 12278 (2008).
[2] E. Yablonovitch, “Photonic crystals: What’s in a Name?,” Opt. Photonics News, 18, 12–13 (2007).
[3] E. Yablonovitch, “Photonic Band-Gap Crystals,” J. Physics-Condensed Matter, 5, 2443–2460 (1993).
[4] E. Yablonovitch, “Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 58, 2059–2062 (1987).
[5] K. Arunachalam and S. C. Xavier, “Optical Logic Devices Based on Photonic Crystal,” Intech (2010).
[6] J. D. Joannopoulos, S. G. Johnson, J. N. Winn, and R. D. Meade, Photonic crystals: molding the flow of light, 2nd ed. (Princeton University Press, 2008).
[7] I. A. Sukhoivanov and I. V. Guryev, Photonic Crystals Physics and Practical Modeling (Springer, 2005).
[8] M. Skorobogatiy and J. Yang, Fundamentals of Photonic Crystal Guiding (Cambridge, 2008).
[9] J. D. Joannopoulos, J. N. Winn, and R. D. Meade, Photonic crystals: molding the flow of light, 1st ed. (Princeton University Press, 1995).
[10] S. McCall, P. Platzman, R. Dalichaouch, D. Smith, and S. Schultz, “Microwave propagation in two-dimensional dielectric lattices,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 67, no. 15, pp. 2017–2020, Oct. 1991.
[11] A. Taflove, S. C. Hagness, and K. S. Yee, Computationai Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, vol. 14, no. 3. 1966.
[12] D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, Third edit. Prentice-Hall, 1999.
[13] S. Shi, C. Chen, and D. W. Prather, “Plane-wave expansion method for calculating band structure of photonic crystal slabs with perfectly matched layers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, vol. 21, no. 9, p. 1769, 2004.
[14] R. Antos and M. Veis, “Fourier Factorization in the Plane Wave Expansion Method in Modeling Photonic Crystals,” in Photonic Crystals - Introduction, Applications and Theory, no. 1, 2012, pp. 319–344.
[15] C. Jamois, R. B. Wehrspohn, L. C. Andreani, C. Hermann, O. Hess, and U. Gösele, “Silicon-based two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides,” Photonics Nanostructures - Fundam. Appl., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2003.
[16] Kazuaki Sakoda, “Optical Properties of Photonic Crystals”, 2nd ed., (Springer 2005).
[17] Salwa, F. A., Rahman, M. M., Rahman, M. O. and Chowdhury, M. A. M. (2019) Germanium Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals: The Hexagonal and Honeycomb Lattices. Optics and Photonics Journal, 9, 25-36. https://doi.org/10.4236/opj.2019.93004.
[18] K. M. Ho, C. T. Chan, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Existence of a photonic gap in periodic dielectric structures,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 65, no. 25, 1990.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Fairuz Aniqa Salwa, Muhammad Mominur Rahman, Muhammad Obaidur Rahman, Muhammad Abdul Mannan Chowdhury. (2019). Germanium Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Square Lattice. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 7(1), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190701.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Fairuz Aniqa Salwa; Muhammad Mominur Rahman; Muhammad Obaidur Rahman; Muhammad Abdul Mannan Chowdhury. Germanium Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Square Lattice. Am. J. Opt. Photonics 2019, 7(1), 10-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20190701.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Fairuz Aniqa Salwa, Muhammad Mominur Rahman, Muhammad Obaidur Rahman, Muhammad Abdul Mannan Chowdhury. Germanium Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Square Lattice. Am J Opt Photonics. 2019;7(1):10-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20190701.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajop.20190701.12,
      author = {Fairuz Aniqa Salwa and Muhammad Mominur Rahman and Muhammad Obaidur Rahman and Muhammad Abdul Mannan Chowdhury},
      title = {Germanium Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Square Lattice},
      journal = {American Journal of Optics and Photonics},
      volume = {7},
      number = {1},
      pages = {10-17},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajop.20190701.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190701.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajop.20190701.12},
      abstract = {Using the plane-wave expansion method, we study the polarization-dependent photonic band diagrams (transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations), surface plots, gap maps etc. of the two-dimensional photonic crystals with square lattice of germanium rods in air and vice versa. The obtained graphs for the two possible combinations are presented in this paper. All the results depict clear photonic band gaps. We describe the conditions for the largest TE and TM band gaps too. The square lattice of Ge rods in air offers a large TE photonic band gap of 48.02% (for rod radius of r = 0.2μm). Then we localize the TE mode by introducing a point defect and a line defect in the crystal. The point defect act as a resonator and the line defect act as a waveguide. The finite-difference time-domain analysis of the localized defect modes is presented also.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Germanium Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Square Lattice
    AU  - Fairuz Aniqa Salwa
    AU  - Muhammad Mominur Rahman
    AU  - Muhammad Obaidur Rahman
    AU  - Muhammad Abdul Mannan Chowdhury
    Y1  - 2019/05/15
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190701.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajop.20190701.12
    T2  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
    JF  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
    JO  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
    SP  - 10
    EP  - 17
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8494
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190701.12
    AB  - Using the plane-wave expansion method, we study the polarization-dependent photonic band diagrams (transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations), surface plots, gap maps etc. of the two-dimensional photonic crystals with square lattice of germanium rods in air and vice versa. The obtained graphs for the two possible combinations are presented in this paper. All the results depict clear photonic band gaps. We describe the conditions for the largest TE and TM band gaps too. The square lattice of Ge rods in air offers a large TE photonic band gap of 48.02% (for rod radius of r = 0.2μm). Then we localize the TE mode by introducing a point defect and a line defect in the crystal. The point defect act as a resonator and the line defect act as a waveguide. The finite-difference time-domain analysis of the localized defect modes is presented also.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Sections