Report | | Peer-Reviewed

Design and Construction of an Anaerobic Digester for the Ingestion of Waste from the Cocoa Industry in Nigeria

Received: 22 December 2023     Accepted: 25 January 2024     Published: 14 June 2024
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The Anaerobic Digester designed and constructed for waste ingestion from the Nigerian cocoa industry aims to harness abundant renewable energy from crop residues like cocoa rinds and groundnuts. This study evaluates the biogas potential of these sources in contributing to the country's overall energy needs, emphasizing the imperative for environmental sustainability. Focusing on reducing fossil energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and minimizing environmental impact, the project advocates for a shift towards biogas for day-to-day energy requirements, presenting direct cost savings. The utilization of fossil fuel-derived energy is known to contribute to temperature increase, greenhouse gas emissions, noise pollution, and ground-level air pollution, all of which can be mitigated through biogas utilization. This initiative involves the design and construction of a 0.24m3 pilot plastic fossil plant for biogas generation, aiming to "green" various applications, including domestic and industrial usage as well as transportation. The digester, constructed from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, demonstrates leak-free operation, further supporting its potential for long-term sustainability. Results from a 28-day retention period show a cumulative biogas yield, with a daily assessment indicating a gas yield of 0.0496 m3 on the 12th day. The study highlights the positive and negative influences of temperature inequality gradients ≥34°C≤38°C on biogas production. This comprehensive research contributes valuable insights for the sustainable management of waste and the utilization of biogas as a viable alternative energy source.

Published in American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajset.20240902.15
Page(s) 133-149
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anaerobic Digester, Biogas Potential, Environmental Sustainability, Renewable Energy, Cost Savings, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Temperature Inequality Gradients

References
[1] Adenikinju, S A (1991). Preliminary comparative analysis of cocoa yield under three treatments in combination with oil palm in Nigeria, Vol. 24 Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science.
[2] Akinbami, J. F. K (1999). Biogas Energy use in Nigeria. Obafemi Awolowo University Press. Ile-ife.
[3] Anozie, A., Layokun, S., and Okeke, C. (2005). Energy Sources, Vol. 27, No. 14, PP. 1301-1311.
[4] Baker Kathleen (2000). Indigenous Land Management in West Africa, an Environmental Balance Act. Oxford University Press, UK.
[5] Bamgboye, A. I. and Abayomi, I. (2002). Anaerobic Digester of Mixed Weed Species into Biogas, Nigeria Journal of Renewable Energy. Vol. 8, Nos. 1 & 2, PP. 19-23.
[6] Bhat, P. R., Chanakya H. N., RavindranathN. H., (2001). Energy for Sustainable Development. Vol. 5 Issue 1, March Edition PP 39-46.
[7] Braun, M., Mayer, F, et al (1981). Clostridium Aceticum (Wieringa), a Microorganism Producing Acetic Acid from Molecular Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide. Archives of Microbiology. Vol. 128, PP 288 - 293.
[8] Chevro n Technology Ventures Bulletin. March 2010.
[9] Chukwuwnike. I. C. (2011): Design of anaerobic digester into biogas, department of mechanical and design engineering, university of Portsmouth, pp 20-24.
[10] Deublein and Angelika Steinbauser. Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources. 2nd Edition. Copyright, Wiley-VCH, GmbH and Co KGaA, Weinheim.
[11] Eastman, J. A. and Ferguson, J. F. (1981). Solubilization of Particulate Organic Carbon during the Acid Phase of Anaerobic Digestion. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation Vol. 53, PP 352–366.
[12] Ferry. J. G. (2010). The chemical biology of methanogenis. planet space sci. Vol. 58, pp 1775-1783.
[13] G. Caposciutti, A. Baccidi. L. Ferrari and U. Desideri. (2020). energies, Vol 13. NO. 3.
[14] G. Nathia-Neves, et al. (2018). International journal of environment science and technology, vol. 15 No 9, Treatment. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation. Vol. 35, PP1501-1515.
[15] Guorui, L (1920). “8m3 Guorui Biogas”. Yukong Publishers. PP. 97-102. China.
[16] Hansen, C. L et al. (2013). Agricultural waste management in food processing. in machinery engineering: academic press USA, Cambridge.
[17] Herawati Budiastuti, 2004. Intensification of Single Stage Tank Anaerobic Digestion Process using Carriers. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Murdo University, Western Australia.
[18] Lue. et al (2012). Hydrolysis kinetics in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge enhanced to α-amglase.biochem.eng.j.
[19] Maishanu, S. M., Mohammed, M., and Bajpai, M. P. (1981); Fuel Gas Production from Biogas (ed. Wise, D.L.). Chemical Rubber co. press Inc. West Palm Beach, Florida. PP. 26-40.
[20] Mclnerney, M. J. and Bryant, M. P. 1981. Review of Methane Fermentation.
[21] Mosey, F. E. (1989). Patterns of Hydrogen in Biogas from the Anaerobic Digestion of Milk-Sugar. Water Science and Technology, Vol. 21. PP 187-196.
[22] O. W. Awe. Y, Zhao, A, Nzihou, D. P. Minh and N. Lyczko. (2017) waste and biomass Volorization Vol. 8, No. 2 pp. 267-288.
[23] P. G. Kongies and I. Angelidaki. (2018). enviromental science and engineering Vol. 12 No 3.
[24] Parikh J. K. (1978) “Batch Digester” Statistics Journal. Vol. 107. PP 18. United Nations.
[25] Pure BiogasSolution.
[26] Rajput, R. K. (2004); A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics. 4th Edition. S. Chand and Company. Ltd. New Delhi.
[27] Sambo, A. S. (2010). Renewable Energy Development in Nigeria.
[28] S. Prasad, D, Rathore and A. Singh, (2017). sci medicine, journel, Vol. 3, NO. 2. P. 1038.
[29] Syed, M. A. (1984); “Community Sized Biogas Plant” National Solar Energy Journal. Vol. 2. PP 23-25. Nigeria.
[30] Thauer, R. K., Jungermann, K., et al (1977). Energy Conservation in Chemotrophic Anaerobic Bacteria. 41: 100 – 108.
[31] Thiele, J. H. and Zeikus (1988). Interaction between Hydrogen and formate producing Bacteria and Methanogens during Anaerobic Digestion. Handbook on Anaerobic Fermentation. L. E. Erickson and D. Y. Fung. New York Marcel Dekker, Inc.
[32] Tietjen. C. (1975); Energy, Agriculture and Waste Ann Arbor Science Publisher. Vol. 12 PP 52-55. Tanzania.
[33] Wolfe. r. s. (2011) technique for cultivating methogenns in methodsin enzymology; academic press Cambridge, USA Vol. 494, pp. 1-22.
[34] Yu, H. Q., Zheng, X. J. et al (2003). High-Rate Anaerobic Hydrolysis and Acidogenesis of Sewage Sludge in a Modified Upflow Reactor. Water Science and Technology Vol. 48 PP 69-75.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Iluno, N. U., Akhigbe, A., Namene, M., Worgu, A., Inwang, C., et al. (2024). Design and Construction of an Anaerobic Digester for the Ingestion of Waste from the Cocoa Industry in Nigeria. American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 9(2), 133-149. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20240902.15

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Iluno, N. U.; Akhigbe, A.; Namene, M.; Worgu, A.; Inwang, C., et al. Design and Construction of an Anaerobic Digester for the Ingestion of Waste from the Cocoa Industry in Nigeria. Am. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2024, 9(2), 133-149. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20240902.15

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Iluno NU, Akhigbe A, Namene M, Worgu A, Inwang C, et al. Design and Construction of an Anaerobic Digester for the Ingestion of Waste from the Cocoa Industry in Nigeria. Am J Sci Eng Technol. 2024;9(2):133-149. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20240902.15

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajset.20240902.15,
      author = {Nzubechukwu Ugochukwu Iluno and Aigbomain Akhigbe and Mene Namene and Annabel Worgu and Churchill Inwang and Paul Okpala},
      title = {Design and Construction of an Anaerobic Digester for the Ingestion of Waste from the Cocoa Industry in Nigeria
    },
      journal = {American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology},
      volume = {9},
      number = {2},
      pages = {133-149},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajset.20240902.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20240902.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajset.20240902.15},
      abstract = {The Anaerobic Digester designed and constructed for waste ingestion from the Nigerian cocoa industry aims to harness abundant renewable energy from crop residues like cocoa rinds and groundnuts. This study evaluates the biogas potential of these sources in contributing to the country's overall energy needs, emphasizing the imperative for environmental sustainability. Focusing on reducing fossil energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and minimizing environmental impact, the project advocates for a shift towards biogas for day-to-day energy requirements, presenting direct cost savings. The utilization of fossil fuel-derived energy is known to contribute to temperature increase, greenhouse gas emissions, noise pollution, and ground-level air pollution, all of which can be mitigated through biogas utilization. This initiative involves the design and construction of a 0.24m3 pilot plastic fossil plant for biogas generation, aiming to "green" various applications, including domestic and industrial usage as well as transportation. The digester, constructed from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, demonstrates leak-free operation, further supporting its potential for long-term sustainability. Results from a 28-day retention period show a cumulative biogas yield, with a daily assessment indicating a gas yield of 0.0496 m3 on the 12th day. The study highlights the positive and negative influences of temperature inequality gradients ≥34°C≤38°C on biogas production. This comprehensive research contributes valuable insights for the sustainable management of waste and the utilization of biogas as a viable alternative energy source.
    },
     year = {2024}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Design and Construction of an Anaerobic Digester for the Ingestion of Waste from the Cocoa Industry in Nigeria
    
    AU  - Nzubechukwu Ugochukwu Iluno
    AU  - Aigbomain Akhigbe
    AU  - Mene Namene
    AU  - Annabel Worgu
    AU  - Churchill Inwang
    AU  - Paul Okpala
    Y1  - 2024/06/14
    PY  - 2024
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20240902.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajset.20240902.15
    T2  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
    JF  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
    JO  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
    SP  - 133
    EP  - 149
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-8353
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20240902.15
    AB  - The Anaerobic Digester designed and constructed for waste ingestion from the Nigerian cocoa industry aims to harness abundant renewable energy from crop residues like cocoa rinds and groundnuts. This study evaluates the biogas potential of these sources in contributing to the country's overall energy needs, emphasizing the imperative for environmental sustainability. Focusing on reducing fossil energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and minimizing environmental impact, the project advocates for a shift towards biogas for day-to-day energy requirements, presenting direct cost savings. The utilization of fossil fuel-derived energy is known to contribute to temperature increase, greenhouse gas emissions, noise pollution, and ground-level air pollution, all of which can be mitigated through biogas utilization. This initiative involves the design and construction of a 0.24m3 pilot plastic fossil plant for biogas generation, aiming to "green" various applications, including domestic and industrial usage as well as transportation. The digester, constructed from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, demonstrates leak-free operation, further supporting its potential for long-term sustainability. Results from a 28-day retention period show a cumulative biogas yield, with a daily assessment indicating a gas yield of 0.0496 m3 on the 12th day. The study highlights the positive and negative influences of temperature inequality gradients ≥34°C≤38°C on biogas production. This comprehensive research contributes valuable insights for the sustainable management of waste and the utilization of biogas as a viable alternative energy source.
    
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Mechanical Engineering, Madonna University, Enugu, Nigeria

  • Mechanical Engineering, Madonna University, Enugu, Nigeria

  • Mechanical Engineering, Madonna University, Enugu, Nigeria

  • Mechanical Engineering, Madonna University, Enugu, Nigeria

  • Mechanical Engineering, Madonna University, Enugu, Nigeria

  • Mechanical Engineering, Madonna University, Enugu, Nigeria; Mechanical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra, Nigeria

  • Sections