Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry

Charles Rex Christopher Marks; Cecelia Goulette

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15

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Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry

Charles Rex Christopher Marks, Cecelia Goulette

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 15 November 2017 Accepted: 15 December 2017 Published: 14 March 2018

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions that heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen content difference (CdO₂) make to the elevated oxygen consumption (VO₂) due to stability ball (SB) sitting when compared to chair (C) sitting during arm ergometry. Methods: Rest and two stages of exercise were conducted twice, once on a stability ball and once on a chair (order randomized) during aerobic arm cranking. VO₂, cardiac output, and HR, were measured at the end of rest and each stage of exercise. SV and CdO₂ were calculated from measured parameters. Results: Repeated Measures ANOVA demonstrated that SB was significantly higher than C by 4% to 12% for VO₂ (P <.001) and 2% to 4% for HR (P =.016). SB was non-significantly higher by 0.5% to 2.1% for SV (P =.358). In addition, there was a significant interaction with increasing differences between SB and C (1% to 6%) with higher intensities for CdO₂ (P =.014). It was concluded that oxygen content differences make a larger contribution to the difference between SB and C at the higher intensity. The patterns of change with exercise for heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen content difference were similar between SB and C.

Published in	American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15
Page(s)	26-31
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Swiss Ball, Aerobic Arm Exercise, Cardiac Output, Oxygen Extraction

References

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APA Style

Charles Rex Christopher Marks, Cecelia Goulette. (2018). Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15

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ACS Style

Charles Rex Christopher Marks; Cecelia Goulette. Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(1), 26-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15

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AMA Style

Charles Rex Christopher Marks, Cecelia Goulette. Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(1):26-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15,
  author = {Charles Rex Christopher Marks and Cecelia Goulette},
  title = {Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {26-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180601.15},
  abstract = {The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions that heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen content difference (CdO2) make to the elevated oxygen consumption (VO2) due to stability ball (SB) sitting when compared to chair (C) sitting during arm ergometry. Methods: Rest and two stages of exercise were conducted twice, once on a stability ball and once on a chair (order randomized) during aerobic arm cranking. VO2, cardiac output, and HR, were measured at the end of rest and each stage of exercise. SV and CdO2 were calculated from measured parameters. Results: Repeated Measures ANOVA demonstrated that SB was significantly higher than C by 4% to 12% for VO2 (P 2 (P =.014). It was concluded that oxygen content differences make a larger contribution to the difference between SB and C at the higher intensity. The patterns of change with exercise for heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen content difference were similar between SB and C.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry
AU  - Charles Rex Christopher Marks
AU  - Cecelia Goulette
Y1  - 2018/03/14
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 26
EP  - 31
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions that heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen content difference (CdO2) make to the elevated oxygen consumption (VO2) due to stability ball (SB) sitting when compared to chair (C) sitting during arm ergometry. Methods: Rest and two stages of exercise were conducted twice, once on a stability ball and once on a chair (order randomized) during aerobic arm cranking. VO2, cardiac output, and HR, were measured at the end of rest and each stage of exercise. SV and CdO2 were calculated from measured parameters. Results: Repeated Measures ANOVA demonstrated that SB was significantly higher than C by 4% to 12% for VO2 (P 2 (P =.014). It was concluded that oxygen content differences make a larger contribution to the difference between SB and C at the higher intensity. The patterns of change with exercise for heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen content difference were similar between SB and C.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Charles Rex Christopher Marks

Department of Human Movement Sciences, Exercise Science Program, Oakland University, Rochester, USA
Cecelia Goulette

Department of Human Movement Sciences, Exercise Science Program, Oakland University, Rochester, USA

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APA Style

Charles Rex Christopher Marks, Cecelia Goulette. (2018). Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15

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ACS Style

Charles Rex Christopher Marks; Cecelia Goulette. Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(1), 26-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Charles Rex Christopher Marks, Cecelia Goulette. Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(1):26-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15,
  author = {Charles Rex Christopher Marks and Cecelia Goulette},
  title = {Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {26-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180601.15},
  abstract = {The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions that heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen content difference (CdO2) make to the elevated oxygen consumption (VO2) due to stability ball (SB) sitting when compared to chair (C) sitting during arm ergometry. Methods: Rest and two stages of exercise were conducted twice, once on a stability ball and once on a chair (order randomized) during aerobic arm cranking. VO2, cardiac output, and HR, were measured at the end of rest and each stage of exercise. SV and CdO2 were calculated from measured parameters. Results: Repeated Measures ANOVA demonstrated that SB was significantly higher than C by 4% to 12% for VO2 (P 2 (P =.014). It was concluded that oxygen content differences make a larger contribution to the difference between SB and C at the higher intensity. The patterns of change with exercise for heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen content difference were similar between SB and C.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry
AU  - Charles Rex Christopher Marks
AU  - Cecelia Goulette
Y1  - 2018/03/14
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 26
EP  - 31
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions that heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen content difference (CdO2) make to the elevated oxygen consumption (VO2) due to stability ball (SB) sitting when compared to chair (C) sitting during arm ergometry. Methods: Rest and two stages of exercise were conducted twice, once on a stability ball and once on a chair (order randomized) during aerobic arm cranking. VO2, cardiac output, and HR, were measured at the end of rest and each stage of exercise. SV and CdO2 were calculated from measured parameters. Results: Repeated Measures ANOVA demonstrated that SB was significantly higher than C by 4% to 12% for VO2 (P 2 (P =.014). It was concluded that oxygen content differences make a larger contribution to the difference between SB and C at the higher intensity. The patterns of change with exercise for heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen content difference were similar between SB and C.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download