Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice

Débora Mantoan Alves; Wagner Costa Rossi Junior; Flávia Da Ré Guerra; Evelise Aline Soares; Petrus Pires Marques; Alessandra Esteves

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16

Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice

Débora Mantoan Alves, Wagner Costa Rossi Junior, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Evelise Aline Soares, Petrus Pires Marques, Alessandra Esteves

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 4)

Received: 30 September 2018 Accepted: 18 October 2018 Published: 15 November 2018

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Abstract

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), despite being controlled by government agencies, are illegally marketed and heavily consumed among youngsters that want a lean, muscular appearance and improved physical performance. Behavioral changes mediated by the amygdala, such as depression, aggressiveness and anxiety, are reported among users. The main scope of this work is to quantify the number of neuron cells on the nuclei of the central (CA) and basolateral (BLA) mice's amygdala submitted to a chronic supra-physiological doses of Durateston® (a combination of testosterone propionate, testosterone isocaproate and testosterone decanoate) and Deca Durabolin® (nandrolone decanoate), administered isolated and combined. For this purpose, 40 Swiss male mice were taken and divided into 4 (four) groups (n = 10): a control group (C), in which mice received saline solution; a Dura group, in which mice received Durateston®; a Deca group, in which mice received Deca Durabolin®; and a Dura-Deca group, in which mice received both drugs. Mice were treated with AAS for a period of 60 days and underwent exercises (swimming). After this time, mice were euthanized and had their brains removed. The material thus obtained was processed in a conventional histological routine. For the neuron cells quantitative analyses, the simple random sampling count method was used. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the number of neuron cells in all AAS treated animals comparing to the control group; concerning the amygdala basolateral nucleus, the decrease ranged from 23% to 36%, according to the AAS selected group; regarding the amygdala central nucleus, the decrease ranged from 20% to 29%, according to the AAS selected group. One can conclude that the administration of supra-physiological doses of these AAS causes decrease in the number of neuron cells on the central and basolateral nuclei of Swiss male mice's amygdala.

Published in	American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16
Page(s)	169-174
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids, Central Amygdala, Basolateral Amygdala, Neuron Density

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Débora Mantoan Alves, Wagner Costa Rossi Junior, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Evelise Aline Soares, Petrus Pires Marques, et al. (2018). Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(4), 169-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16

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Débora Mantoan Alves; Wagner Costa Rossi Junior; Flávia Da Ré Guerra; Evelise Aline Soares; Petrus Pires Marques, et al. Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(4), 169-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16

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Débora Mantoan Alves, Wagner Costa Rossi Junior, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Evelise Aline Soares, Petrus Pires Marques, et al. Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(4):169-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16,
  author = {Débora Mantoan Alves and Wagner Costa Rossi Junior and Flávia Da Ré Guerra and Evelise Aline Soares and Petrus Pires Marques and Alessandra Esteves},
  title = {Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {169-174},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180604.16},
  abstract = {Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), despite being controlled by government agencies, are illegally marketed and heavily consumed among youngsters that want a lean, muscular appearance and improved physical performance. Behavioral changes mediated by the amygdala, such as depression, aggressiveness and anxiety, are reported among users. The main scope of this work is to quantify the number of neuron cells on the nuclei of the central (CA) and basolateral (BLA) mice's amygdala submitted to a chronic supra-physiological doses of Durateston® (a combination of testosterone propionate, testosterone isocaproate and testosterone decanoate) and Deca Durabolin® (nandrolone decanoate), administered isolated and combined. For this purpose, 40 Swiss male mice were taken and divided into 4 (four) groups (n = 10): a control group (C), in which mice received saline solution; a Dura group, in which mice received Durateston®; a Deca group, in which mice received Deca Durabolin®; and a Dura-Deca group, in which mice received both drugs. Mice were treated with AAS for a period of 60 days and underwent exercises (swimming). After this time, mice were euthanized and had their brains removed. The material thus obtained was processed in a conventional histological routine. For the neuron cells quantitative analyses, the simple random sampling count method was used. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the number of neuron cells in all AAS treated animals comparing to the control group; concerning the amygdala basolateral nucleus, the decrease ranged from 23% to 36%, according to the AAS selected group; regarding the amygdala central nucleus, the decrease ranged from 20% to 29%, according to the AAS selected group. One can conclude that the administration of supra-physiological doses of these AAS causes decrease in the number of neuron cells on the central and basolateral nuclei of Swiss male mice's amygdala.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice
AU  - Débora Mantoan Alves
AU  - Wagner Costa Rossi Junior
AU  - Flávia Da Ré Guerra
AU  - Evelise Aline Soares
AU  - Petrus Pires Marques
AU  - Alessandra Esteves
Y1  - 2018/11/15
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 169
EP  - 174
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16
AB  - Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), despite being controlled by government agencies, are illegally marketed and heavily consumed among youngsters that want a lean, muscular appearance and improved physical performance. Behavioral changes mediated by the amygdala, such as depression, aggressiveness and anxiety, are reported among users. The main scope of this work is to quantify the number of neuron cells on the nuclei of the central (CA) and basolateral (BLA) mice's amygdala submitted to a chronic supra-physiological doses of Durateston® (a combination of testosterone propionate, testosterone isocaproate and testosterone decanoate) and Deca Durabolin® (nandrolone decanoate), administered isolated and combined. For this purpose, 40 Swiss male mice were taken and divided into 4 (four) groups (n = 10): a control group (C), in which mice received saline solution; a Dura group, in which mice received Durateston®; a Deca group, in which mice received Deca Durabolin®; and a Dura-Deca group, in which mice received both drugs. Mice were treated with AAS for a period of 60 days and underwent exercises (swimming). After this time, mice were euthanized and had their brains removed. The material thus obtained was processed in a conventional histological routine. For the neuron cells quantitative analyses, the simple random sampling count method was used. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the number of neuron cells in all AAS treated animals comparing to the control group; concerning the amygdala basolateral nucleus, the decrease ranged from 23% to 36%, according to the AAS selected group; regarding the amygdala central nucleus, the decrease ranged from 20% to 29%, according to the AAS selected group. One can conclude that the administration of supra-physiological doses of these AAS causes decrease in the number of neuron cells on the central and basolateral nuclei of Swiss male mice's amygdala.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Débora Mantoan Alves

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
Wagner Costa Rossi Junior

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
Flávia Da Ré Guerra

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
Evelise Aline Soares

Medical School, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
Petrus Pires Marques

Department of Morphology, Medical School, José Vellano University, Unifenas, Alfenas, Brazil
Alessandra Esteves

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil

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Débora Mantoan Alves, Wagner Costa Rossi Junior, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Evelise Aline Soares, Petrus Pires Marques, et al. (2018). Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(4), 169-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16

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Débora Mantoan Alves; Wagner Costa Rossi Junior; Flávia Da Ré Guerra; Evelise Aline Soares; Petrus Pires Marques, et al. Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(4), 169-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16

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Débora Mantoan Alves, Wagner Costa Rossi Junior, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Evelise Aline Soares, Petrus Pires Marques, et al. Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(4):169-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16,
  author = {Débora Mantoan Alves and Wagner Costa Rossi Junior and Flávia Da Ré Guerra and Evelise Aline Soares and Petrus Pires Marques and Alessandra Esteves},
  title = {Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {169-174},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180604.16},
  abstract = {Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), despite being controlled by government agencies, are illegally marketed and heavily consumed among youngsters that want a lean, muscular appearance and improved physical performance. Behavioral changes mediated by the amygdala, such as depression, aggressiveness and anxiety, are reported among users. The main scope of this work is to quantify the number of neuron cells on the nuclei of the central (CA) and basolateral (BLA) mice's amygdala submitted to a chronic supra-physiological doses of Durateston® (a combination of testosterone propionate, testosterone isocaproate and testosterone decanoate) and Deca Durabolin® (nandrolone decanoate), administered isolated and combined. For this purpose, 40 Swiss male mice were taken and divided into 4 (four) groups (n = 10): a control group (C), in which mice received saline solution; a Dura group, in which mice received Durateston®; a Deca group, in which mice received Deca Durabolin®; and a Dura-Deca group, in which mice received both drugs. Mice were treated with AAS for a period of 60 days and underwent exercises (swimming). After this time, mice were euthanized and had their brains removed. The material thus obtained was processed in a conventional histological routine. For the neuron cells quantitative analyses, the simple random sampling count method was used. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the number of neuron cells in all AAS treated animals comparing to the control group; concerning the amygdala basolateral nucleus, the decrease ranged from 23% to 36%, according to the AAS selected group; regarding the amygdala central nucleus, the decrease ranged from 20% to 29%, according to the AAS selected group. One can conclude that the administration of supra-physiological doses of these AAS causes decrease in the number of neuron cells on the central and basolateral nuclei of Swiss male mice's amygdala.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice
AU  - Débora Mantoan Alves
AU  - Wagner Costa Rossi Junior
AU  - Flávia Da Ré Guerra
AU  - Evelise Aline Soares
AU  - Petrus Pires Marques
AU  - Alessandra Esteves
Y1  - 2018/11/15
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 169
EP  - 174
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16
AB  - Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), despite being controlled by government agencies, are illegally marketed and heavily consumed among youngsters that want a lean, muscular appearance and improved physical performance. Behavioral changes mediated by the amygdala, such as depression, aggressiveness and anxiety, are reported among users. The main scope of this work is to quantify the number of neuron cells on the nuclei of the central (CA) and basolateral (BLA) mice's amygdala submitted to a chronic supra-physiological doses of Durateston® (a combination of testosterone propionate, testosterone isocaproate and testosterone decanoate) and Deca Durabolin® (nandrolone decanoate), administered isolated and combined. For this purpose, 40 Swiss male mice were taken and divided into 4 (four) groups (n = 10): a control group (C), in which mice received saline solution; a Dura group, in which mice received Durateston®; a Deca group, in which mice received Deca Durabolin®; and a Dura-Deca group, in which mice received both drugs. Mice were treated with AAS for a period of 60 days and underwent exercises (swimming). After this time, mice were euthanized and had their brains removed. The material thus obtained was processed in a conventional histological routine. For the neuron cells quantitative analyses, the simple random sampling count method was used. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the number of neuron cells in all AAS treated animals comparing to the control group; concerning the amygdala basolateral nucleus, the decrease ranged from 23% to 36%, according to the AAS selected group; regarding the amygdala central nucleus, the decrease ranged from 20% to 29%, according to the AAS selected group. One can conclude that the administration of supra-physiological doses of these AAS causes decrease in the number of neuron cells on the central and basolateral nuclei of Swiss male mice's amygdala.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

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