Non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathologic entity characterized by an excessive accumulation of hepatic lipid without alcohol consumption. Both endurance and strength exercise have shown to be beneficial in NAFLD. PubMed database has been searched for randomized trials and prospective cohort studies in adults aged ≥ 18, rats and mice that have investigated the effects of at least 4 weeks of exercise only or combination with diet on NAFLD from 2014 to 2019. The review selected have been those in which exercise was clearly described by type, duration, intensity, and frequency, and that the NAFLD diagnosis, as well as the outcome measures, were confirmed through, at least, one of the following methods: biopsy, anthropometric measures, blood testing, ultrasonography imaging, biochemical analysis and Image Resonance Magnetic (MRI). Lifestyle has shown to greatly influence human behavior and health, however, a major factor impacting studies results is the difficulty in controlling people`s compliance with a healthier lifestyle, unlike animals that are forced to exercise over time, frequency and intensity, according to the researchers` wish. Therefore, animal studies have shown better results of the effect of exercise on the disease. However, both human and animal studies have reached a positive change in the following parameters: weight, fat percentage, blood glucose, insulin and ALT and AST levels. Physical exercise improves non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD), however, an optimum approach is still unclear. A regular and long-term systematic practice of exercise leads to better general health, body weight control, and life quality improvement.
Published in | American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 9, Issue 1) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.11 |
Page(s) | 1-7 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Physical Exercise, NAFLD, Metabolic Syndrome, NASH
[1] | Xiao J, Bei Y, Liu J, et al. miR-212 downregulation contributes to the protective effect of exercise against non-alcoholic fatty liver via targeting FGF-21. J Cell Mol Med. 2016; 20 (2): 204–16. |
[2] | Cho J, Koh Y, Han J, et al. Adiponectin mediates the additive effects of combining daily exercise with caloric restriction for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver. International Journal of Obesity. 2016; 40: 1760. |
[3] | Singh V, Luthra S, Elajami TK, et al. Resolution of NASH with weight loss documented by hepatic MRI. BMJ Case Rep, 2015, doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207107. |
[4] | Pinto CG de S, Marega M, de Carvalho JAM, et al. Physical activity as a protective factor for development of non-alcoholic fatty liver in men. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2015; 13 (1): 34–40. |
[5] | Al-Jiffri O, Al-Sharif F, Abd El-Kader S, et al. Weight reduction improves markers of hepatic function and insulin resistance in type-2 diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. Afr Health Sci. 2013; 13 (3): 667–72. |
[6] | Takahashi A, Abe K, Usami K, et al. Simple Resistance Exercise helps Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Sports Med. 2015; 36 (10): 848–52. |
[7] | Kapravelou G, Martínez R, Nebot E, et al. The Combined Intervention with Germinated Vigna radiata and Aerobic Interval Training Protocol Is an Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Other Alterations Related to the Metabolic Syndrome in Zucker Rats. Nutrients. 2017; 9 (7). |
[8] | Wang B, Zeng J, Gu Q. Exercise restores bioavailability of hydrogen sulfide and promotes autophagy influx in livers of mice fed with high-fat diet. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017; 95 (6): 667–74. |
[9] | Batatinha HAP, Lima EA, Teixeira AAS, et al. Association Between Aerobic Exercise and Rosiglitazone Avoided the NAFLD and Liver Inflammation Exacerbated in PPAR-α Knockout Mice. J Cell Physiol. 2017; 232 (5): 1008–19. |
[10] | Gonçalves IO, Passos E, Rocha-Rodrigues S, et al. Physical exercise antagonizes clinical and anatomical features characterizing Lieber-DeCarli diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders. Clin Nutr. 2015; 34 (2): 241–7. |
[11] | Kawanishi N, Yano H, Mizokami T, et al. Exercise training attenuates hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and macrophage infiltration during diet induced-obesity in mice. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2012; 26 (6): 931–41. |
[12] | Moon HY, Song P, Choi CS, et al. Involvement of exercise-induced macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the prevention of fatty liver disease. Journal of Endocrinology. 2013; 218 (3): 339–48. |
[13] | Rosa-Caldwell ME, Lee DE, Brown JL, et al. Moderate physical activity promotes basal hepatic autophagy in diet-induced obese mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017; 42 (2): 148–56. |
[14] | Marcinko K, Sikkema SR, Samaan MC, et al. High intensity interval training improves liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Mol Metab. 2015; 4 (12): 903–15. |
[15] | Zelber-Sagi S, Buch A, Yeshua H, et al. Effect of resistance training on non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease a randomized-clinical trial. WJG. 2014; 20 (15): 4382. |
[16] | Oh S, Tanaka K, Tsujimoto T, et al. Regular exercise coupled to diet regimen accelerates reduction of hepatic steatosis and associated pathological conditions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014; 12 (5): 290–8. |
[17] | Croci I, Byrne NM, Chachay VS, et al. Independent effects of diet and exercise training on fat oxidation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. WJH. 2016; 8 (27): 1137. |
[18] | MacLean C, Dillon J, Babraj JA, et al. The effect of low volume sprint interval training in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Phys Sportsmed. 2018; 46 (1): 87–92. |
[19] | Malin SK, Mulya A, Fealy CE, et al. Fetuin-A is linked to improved glucose tolerance after short-term exercise training in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013, doi: org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00237.2013. |
[20] | Taniguchi H, Tanisawa K, Sun X, et al. Endurance Exercise Reduces Hepatic Fat Content and Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Elderly Men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2016; 101 (1): 191–8. |
[21] | Houghton D, Thoma C, Hallsworth K, et al. Exercise Reduces Liver Lipids and Visceral Adiposity in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2017; 15 (1): 96-102. e3. |
[22] | Shojaee-Moradie F, Cuthbertson DJ, Barrett M, et al. Exercise Training Reduces Liver Fat and Increases Rates of VLDL Clearance But Not VLDL Production in NAFLD. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 10. |
[23] | Amann L, Ochoa-Sanchez R, Oliveira M, et al. Progressive resistance training prevents loss of muscle mass and strength in bile duct-ligated rats. Liver Int. 2019; 39 (4): 676–83. |
[24] | Brouwers B, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen P, et al. Effects of exercise training on intrahepatic lipid content in humans. Diabetologia. 2016; 59 (10): 2068–79. |
[25] | Gaspar RC, Kuga GK, Muñoz VR, et al. Physical training prevent and treat hepatic lipid accumulation induced by fructose-rich diet. Biosci j (Online). 2018; 34 (4): 1041–50. |
[26] | Gonçalves IO, Passos E, Diogo CV, et al. Exercise mitigates mitochondrial permeability transition pore and quality control mechanisms alterations in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016; 41 (3): 298–306. |
[27] | Huber Y, Pfirrmann D, Gebhardt I, et al. Improvement of non-invasive markers of NAFLD from an individualised, web-based exercise program. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2019, doi: org/10.1111/apt.15427. |
[28] | Kapravelou G, Martínez R, Andrade AM, et al. Aerobic interval exercise improves parameters of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other alterations of metabolic syndrome in obese Zucker rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2015; 40 (12): 1242–52. |
[29] | Miotto PM, Horbatuk M, Proudfoot R, et al. α-Linolenic acid supplementation and exercise training reveal independent and additive responses on hepatic lipid accumulation in obese rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2017; 312 (6): E461–70. |
[30] | Motta VF, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. High-intensity interval training beneficial effects in diet-induced 0obesity in mice: adipose tissue, liver structure, and pancreatic islets. Int j morphol. 2016; 34 (2): 684–91. |
[31] | Passos E, Pereira CD, Gonçalves IO, et al. Role of physical exercise on hepatic insulin, glucocorticoid and inflammatory signaling pathways in an animal model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Life Sci. 2015; 123: 51–60. |
[32] | Tutino V, De Nunzio V, Caruso MG, Bonfiglio C, et al. Aerobic Physical Activity and a Low Glycemic Diet Reduce the AA/EPA Ratio in Red Blood Cell Membranes of Patients with NAFLD. Nutrients, 2018; 10 (9): 1299. doi: 10.3390/nu10091299 |
[33] | Winn NC, Jurrissen TJ, Grunewald ZI, et al. Estrogen receptor-α signaling maintains immunometabolic function in males and is obligatory for exercise-induced amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2019; 316 (2): E156–67. |
[34] | Yoshimura E, Kumahara H, Tobina T, et al. Lifestyle Intervention Involving Calorie Restriction with or without Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Liver Fat in Adults with Visceral Adiposity. J Obes, 2014, 197216. doi: 10.1155/2014/197216 |
[35] | Yoshimura S, Nakashima S, Tomiga Y, et al. Short- and long-term effects of high-fat diet feeding and voluntary exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018; 507 (1–4): 291–6. |
[36] | Zhang H-J, He J, Pan L-L, et al. Effects of Moderate and Vigorous Exercise on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2016; 176 (8): 1074–82. |
[37] | Gonçalves IO, Passos I, Rocha-Rodrigues I, et al. Physical exercise prevents and mitigates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-induced liver mitochondrial structural and bioenergetics impairments. Mitochondrion, 2014, vol: 5, p: 40-51. doi. org/10.1016/j. mito.2014.03.012. |
[38] | Frantz EDC, Medeiros RF, Giori IG, et al. Exercise training modulates the hepatic renin–angiotensin system in fructose-fed rats. Experimental Physiology. 2017; 102 (9): 1208–20. |
[39] | Tsuchida, T.; Lee, Y. A.; Fujiwara, N.; Ybanez, M.; Allen, B.; Martins, S.; Friedman, S. L. A simple diet- and chemical-induced murine NASH model with rapid progression of steatohepatitis, fibrosis and liver cancer. Journal of Hepatology, 2018. 69 (2), 385–395. |
[40] | Marra F, Lotersztajn S. Pathophysiology of NASH: perspectives for a targeted treatment. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2013. |
[41] | Sebastiani, G., alshaalan, R., Wong, P., Rubino, M., Salman, A., Metrakos, P., … Ghali, P. Prognostic Value of Non-Invasive Fibrosis and Steatosis Tools, Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient (HVPG) and Histology in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. PLOS ONE, 2015. 10 (6), e0128774. |
[42] | Chu, Huikuan; Williams, Brandon; Schnabl, Bernd. Gut microbiota, fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Research, 2018. Volume 2, Issue 1, 43-51. |
[43] | Younossi, Z.; Anstee, Q. M.; Marietti, M.; HARDY, T.; Henry, L.; Eslam, M.; George, J.; Bugianesi, E. Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factorsand prevention. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2017. |
[44] | Takahashi Y, Fukusato T. Histopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2014. |
[45] | Pugh, Christopher J. A., Victoria S. Sprung, Graham J. Kemp, Paul Richardson, Fariba Shojaee-Moradie, A. Margot Umpleby, Daniel J. Green, N. Timothy Cable, Helen Jones, e Daniel J. Cuthbertson. “Exercise training reverses endothelial dysfunction in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease”. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 307, no 9 (5 de setembro de 2014): H1298–1306. |
[46] | Kullman, Emily L., Karen R. Kelly, Jacob M. Haus, Ciaran E. Fealy, Amanda R. Scelsi, Mangesh R. Pagadala, Chris A. Flask, Arthur J. McCullough, e John P. Kirwan. “Short-term aerobic exercise training improves gut peptide regulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease”. Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no 10 (31 de março de 2016): 1159–64. |
[47] | Linden, Melissa A., Justin A. Fletcher, E. Matthew Morris, Grace M. Meers, M. Harold Laughlin, Frank W. Booth, James R. Sowers, Jamal A. Ibdah, John P. Thyfault, e R. Scott Rector. “Treating NAFLD in OLETF Rats with Vigorous-Intensity Interval Exercise Training”. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 47, no 3 (março de 2015): 556–67. |
[48] | Haczeyni, Fahrettin, Vanessa Barn, Auvro Mridha, Matthew Yeh, Emma Estevez, Mark Febbraio, Christopher Nolan, Kim Bell-Anderson, Narci Teoh, e Geoffrey Farrell. “Exercise improves adipose function and inflammation and ameliorates fatty liver disease in obese diabetic mice”. Obesity (Silver Spring), 1o de agosto de 2015. |
APA Style
Maria Fernanda Lopes Ferreira, Icaro Putinhon Caruso, Marcelo Andres Fossey, Walnei Fernandes Barbosa, Fatima Pereira De Souza. (2021). What Is the Effect of Physical Exercise on Nafld/Nash. American Journal of Sports Science, 9(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.11
ACS Style
Maria Fernanda Lopes Ferreira; Icaro Putinhon Caruso; Marcelo Andres Fossey; Walnei Fernandes Barbosa; Fatima Pereira De Souza. What Is the Effect of Physical Exercise on Nafld/Nash. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2021, 9(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.11
AMA Style
Maria Fernanda Lopes Ferreira, Icaro Putinhon Caruso, Marcelo Andres Fossey, Walnei Fernandes Barbosa, Fatima Pereira De Souza. What Is the Effect of Physical Exercise on Nafld/Nash. Am J Sports Sci. 2021;9(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.11
@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.11, author = {Maria Fernanda Lopes Ferreira and Icaro Putinhon Caruso and Marcelo Andres Fossey and Walnei Fernandes Barbosa and Fatima Pereira De Souza}, title = {What Is the Effect of Physical Exercise on Nafld/Nash}, journal = {American Journal of Sports Science}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20210901.11}, abstract = {Non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathologic entity characterized by an excessive accumulation of hepatic lipid without alcohol consumption. Both endurance and strength exercise have shown to be beneficial in NAFLD. PubMed database has been searched for randomized trials and prospective cohort studies in adults aged ≥ 18, rats and mice that have investigated the effects of at least 4 weeks of exercise only or combination with diet on NAFLD from 2014 to 2019. The review selected have been those in which exercise was clearly described by type, duration, intensity, and frequency, and that the NAFLD diagnosis, as well as the outcome measures, were confirmed through, at least, one of the following methods: biopsy, anthropometric measures, blood testing, ultrasonography imaging, biochemical analysis and Image Resonance Magnetic (MRI). Lifestyle has shown to greatly influence human behavior and health, however, a major factor impacting studies results is the difficulty in controlling people`s compliance with a healthier lifestyle, unlike animals that are forced to exercise over time, frequency and intensity, according to the researchers` wish. Therefore, animal studies have shown better results of the effect of exercise on the disease. However, both human and animal studies have reached a positive change in the following parameters: weight, fat percentage, blood glucose, insulin and ALT and AST levels. Physical exercise improves non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD), however, an optimum approach is still unclear. A regular and long-term systematic practice of exercise leads to better general health, body weight control, and life quality improvement.}, year = {2021} }
TY - JOUR T1 - What Is the Effect of Physical Exercise on Nafld/Nash AU - Maria Fernanda Lopes Ferreira AU - Icaro Putinhon Caruso AU - Marcelo Andres Fossey AU - Walnei Fernandes Barbosa AU - Fatima Pereira De Souza Y1 - 2021/01/22 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.11 T2 - American Journal of Sports Science JF - American Journal of Sports Science JO - American Journal of Sports Science SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8540 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210901.11 AB - Non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathologic entity characterized by an excessive accumulation of hepatic lipid without alcohol consumption. Both endurance and strength exercise have shown to be beneficial in NAFLD. PubMed database has been searched for randomized trials and prospective cohort studies in adults aged ≥ 18, rats and mice that have investigated the effects of at least 4 weeks of exercise only or combination with diet on NAFLD from 2014 to 2019. The review selected have been those in which exercise was clearly described by type, duration, intensity, and frequency, and that the NAFLD diagnosis, as well as the outcome measures, were confirmed through, at least, one of the following methods: biopsy, anthropometric measures, blood testing, ultrasonography imaging, biochemical analysis and Image Resonance Magnetic (MRI). Lifestyle has shown to greatly influence human behavior and health, however, a major factor impacting studies results is the difficulty in controlling people`s compliance with a healthier lifestyle, unlike animals that are forced to exercise over time, frequency and intensity, according to the researchers` wish. Therefore, animal studies have shown better results of the effect of exercise on the disease. However, both human and animal studies have reached a positive change in the following parameters: weight, fat percentage, blood glucose, insulin and ALT and AST levels. Physical exercise improves non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD), however, an optimum approach is still unclear. A regular and long-term systematic practice of exercise leads to better general health, body weight control, and life quality improvement. VL - 9 IS - 1 ER -