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Impact of the Technique of Mosquito Egg Impregnation on the Emergence Rate in the Insectarium

Received: 19 September 2020     Accepted: 29 September 2020     Published: 17 March 2021
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Abstract

The breeding of the main vectors is essential for the conduct of many operational research programs. The right option of the technique of watering malaria vector larvae helps entomologists, insectarium managers and entomology technicians to produce high-quality Anopheles mosquitoes in the laboratory for different research and operational objectives. Evaporation of water in the tank causes suffering to the embryos stuck to the wall of the tank and due to lack of immersion, these embryos eventually die. We have experimented with a technique that consists in keeping the eggs in the center of the tank and preventing them from migrating towards the wall with a rectangular opening paper. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of the An. gambiae egg impregnation technique on the harvest rate in the insectarium. The hatching rate for all the eggs put in water in the paper trays is of the order of 83% to 99%. The results of paperless trays are necessarily worse than those of paper trays. In addition, the risk of mortality of larvae in the pupal stage is twenty (20) times lower with the paper tray than with the paperless tray. They therefore constitute basic indications to avoid a number of false steps from the outset.

Published in American Journal of Zoology (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajz.20210401.12
Page(s) 9-13
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Breeding, Insectarium, Anopheles gambiae, Malaria, Paper

References
[1] Gnanguenon, V., Govoetchan, R., Agossa, F. R. et al. Transmission patterns of Plasmodium falciparum by Anopheles gambiae in Benin. Malar J 13, 444 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-444.
[2] WHO, 2003. Entomologie du paludisme et contrôle des vecteurs, Guide du Stagiaire. 104p.
[3] Eukubay, Araya & Tebeje, Wondemeneh. (2017). Anopheles mosquito rearing and insectary handling guideline.
[4] Nolan T, Papathanos P, Windbichler N, Magnusson K, Benton J, Catteruccia F, et al. Developing transgenic Anopheles mosquitoes for the sterile insect technique. Genetica. 2011; 139: 33–9.
[5] Soares-Pinheiro V, Dasso-Pinheiro W, Trindade-Bezerra J, Tadei WP. Eggs viability of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera, Culicidae) under different environmental and storage conditions in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Braz J Biol. 2017; 77: 396–401.
[6] Benedict, M. Q., Knols, B. J., Bossin, H. C., Howell, P. I., Mialhe, E., Caceres, C., and Robinson, A. S., 2009. Colonisation and mass rearing: learning from others. Malaria Journal, 11, pp. 1–11.
[7] Williams, J., 2012. Training Manual on Malaria Entomology For Entomology and Vector Control Technicians.
[8] Malcolm C. A. et Boddington R. G., 1989.; Malathion resistance conferred by i, carboxylesterase in Anopheles culicifacies Giles (species B) (Diptera: Culicidae). - Bull. enf. Res., 79, 193-199.
[9] Mulder L., De Haan G., Knobbout D., Desfontaine M. A., Traore O., Verhave J. P., Carnevale P. ET Robert V., 1990.- First experimental infections of An. gambiae with P. falciparum at the OCEAC in Yaounde. Poster présenté la XVIèrrze Conf. Tech. de I'OCEAC, Yaoundé Novembre 1990.
[10] Assane Yade Ndiaye 2016, Etude de la dynamique des populations de Anopheles et de la transmission du paludisme dans le district sanitaire de nioro (Kaolack, Sénégal) après la campagne d'aspersion intra-domiciliaire d'insecticide de 2015. Mémoire online.
[11] Mazigo, E., Kidima, W., Myamba, J. et al. The impact of Anopheles gambiae egg storage for mass rearing and production success. Malar J 18, 52 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2691-4.
[12] Amadou Guindo, 2008. Impact de l’infection à Plasmodium falciparum sur le taux d’éclosion des œufs et le développement larvaire chez An. gambiae s.s. et An. arabiensis. Thèse http://www.keneya.net/fmpos/theses/2009/med/pdf/09M05.pdf.
[13] Khan I, Damiens D, Soliban SM, Gilles JR. Effects of drying eggs and egg storage on hatchability and development of Anopheles arabiensis. Malar J. 2013; 12: 318.
[14] Impoinvil DE, Cardenas GA, Gihture JI, Mbogo CM, Beier JC. Constant temperature and time period effects on Anopheles gambiae egg hatch-ing. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2007; 23: 124–30.
[15] Mori A, Oda T, Wada Y. Studies on the egg diapause and overwintering of Aedes albopictus in Nagasaki. Trop Med. 1981; 23: 79–90.
[16] Poelchau MF, Reynolds JA, Elsik CG, Denlinger DL, Armbruster PA. Deep sequencing reveals complex mechanisms of diapause preparation in the invasive mosquito, Aedes albopictus. Proc Biol Sci. 2013; 280: 20130143.
[17] Urbanski J, Mogi M, O’Donnell D, DeCotiis M, Toma T, Armbruster P. Rapid adaptive evolution of photoperiodic response during invasion and range expansion across a climatic gradient. Am Nat. 2012; 179: 490–500.
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  • APA Style

    Andre Sominahouin, Sebastien Koudenoukpo, Germain Gil Padonou, Razacki Osse, Constantin Adoha, et al. (2021). Impact of the Technique of Mosquito Egg Impregnation on the Emergence Rate in the Insectarium. American Journal of Zoology, 4(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20210401.12

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    ACS Style

    Andre Sominahouin; Sebastien Koudenoukpo; Germain Gil Padonou; Razacki Osse; Constantin Adoha, et al. Impact of the Technique of Mosquito Egg Impregnation on the Emergence Rate in the Insectarium. Am. J. Zool. 2021, 4(1), 9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20210401.12

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    AMA Style

    Andre Sominahouin, Sebastien Koudenoukpo, Germain Gil Padonou, Razacki Osse, Constantin Adoha, et al. Impact of the Technique of Mosquito Egg Impregnation on the Emergence Rate in the Insectarium. Am J Zool. 2021;4(1):9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20210401.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajz.20210401.12,
      author = {Andre Sominahouin and Sebastien Koudenoukpo and Germain Gil Padonou and Razacki Osse and Constantin Adoha and Casimir Kpanou and Boulais Yovogan and Albert Salako and Esdras Odjo and Filemon Tokponon and Martin Codjo Akogbeto},
      title = {Impact of the Technique of Mosquito Egg Impregnation on the Emergence Rate in the Insectarium},
      journal = {American Journal of Zoology},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {9-13},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajz.20210401.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20210401.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajz.20210401.12},
      abstract = {The breeding of the main vectors is essential for the conduct of many operational research programs. The right option of the technique of watering malaria vector larvae helps entomologists, insectarium managers and entomology technicians to produce high-quality Anopheles mosquitoes in the laboratory for different research and operational objectives. Evaporation of water in the tank causes suffering to the embryos stuck to the wall of the tank and due to lack of immersion, these embryos eventually die. We have experimented with a technique that consists in keeping the eggs in the center of the tank and preventing them from migrating towards the wall with a rectangular opening paper. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of the An. gambiae egg impregnation technique on the harvest rate in the insectarium. The hatching rate for all the eggs put in water in the paper trays is of the order of 83% to 99%. The results of paperless trays are necessarily worse than those of paper trays. In addition, the risk of mortality of larvae in the pupal stage is twenty (20) times lower with the paper tray than with the paperless tray. They therefore constitute basic indications to avoid a number of false steps from the outset.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Impact of the Technique of Mosquito Egg Impregnation on the Emergence Rate in the Insectarium
    AU  - Andre Sominahouin
    AU  - Sebastien Koudenoukpo
    AU  - Germain Gil Padonou
    AU  - Razacki Osse
    AU  - Constantin Adoha
    AU  - Casimir Kpanou
    AU  - Boulais Yovogan
    AU  - Albert Salako
    AU  - Esdras Odjo
    AU  - Filemon Tokponon
    AU  - Martin Codjo Akogbeto
    Y1  - 2021/03/17
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20210401.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajz.20210401.12
    T2  - American Journal of Zoology
    JF  - American Journal of Zoology
    JO  - American Journal of Zoology
    SP  - 9
    EP  - 13
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2994-7413
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20210401.12
    AB  - The breeding of the main vectors is essential for the conduct of many operational research programs. The right option of the technique of watering malaria vector larvae helps entomologists, insectarium managers and entomology technicians to produce high-quality Anopheles mosquitoes in the laboratory for different research and operational objectives. Evaporation of water in the tank causes suffering to the embryos stuck to the wall of the tank and due to lack of immersion, these embryos eventually die. We have experimented with a technique that consists in keeping the eggs in the center of the tank and preventing them from migrating towards the wall with a rectangular opening paper. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of the An. gambiae egg impregnation technique on the harvest rate in the insectarium. The hatching rate for all the eggs put in water in the paper trays is of the order of 83% to 99%. The results of paperless trays are necessarily worse than those of paper trays. In addition, the risk of mortality of larvae in the pupal stage is twenty (20) times lower with the paper tray than with the paperless tray. They therefore constitute basic indications to avoid a number of false steps from the outset.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Entomological Research Center of Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin

  • Entomological Research Center of Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin

  • Entomological Research Center of Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin

  • Entomological Research Center of Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin

  • Entomological Research Center of Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin

  • Entomological Research Center of Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin

  • Entomological Research Center of Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin

  • Entomological Research Center of Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin

  • Entomological Research Center of Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin

  • Entomological Research Center of Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin

  • Entomological Research Center of Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin

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