An Assessment of the Status and Factors Influencing Utilization of Brewery Byproducts as Feed to Dairy Cows Under Smallholder System in Northern Tanzania

Maiko Tresphory Mwanibanza; Germana Henry Laswai; Ismail Saidi Selemani; Eliamon Lyatuu; Raphael Mrode

doi:doi:10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11

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An Assessment of the Status and Factors Influencing Utilization of Brewery Byproducts as Feed to Dairy Cows Under Smallholder System in Northern Tanzania

Maiko Tresphory Mwanibanza^*

, Germana Henry Laswai

, Ismail Saidi Selemani

, Eliamon Lyatuu

, Raphael Mrode

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 13, Issue 3)

Received: 11 April 2025 Accepted: 23 April 2025 Published: 29 May 2025

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Abstract

A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in Arusha City and Hai districts in northern Tanzania to assess the status and factors influencing the usage of brewery byproducts as feed for dairy cows. A total of 110 respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The information collected included gender, educational background, farm size, main occupations, dairying experience, types of concentrates fed to dairy cows and factors affecting the use of brewery byproducts as feed to cows. The body weights of 76 selected cows were estimated using heart girth tape, along with secondary data collected from the farm record books on milk yield. Key informant interviews were made with industry supervisors in two beer processing industries in the two locations. Samples of different types of brewery waste and concentrates used in the study area were collected and chemically analysed, and the two-stage in vitro digestibility was estimated. The study found that farmers with formal education, dairy experience of 10 to 20 years, small farm sizes and herd sizes of more than 15 cows had a greater (P<0.05) likelihood of using brewery byproducts as a supplement to dairy cows. The values of crude protein (23.0%, CP) and nitrogen detergent fibre (51.8%, NDF) contents of wet spent grain byproduct (WSGB) were higher (P<0.05) compared to those of concentrates (12.5 and 28.8%, respectively) commonly used in the study area. The values of in vitro dry matter (63.6 - 65.1%, INVDMD) and organic matter (60.0 - 61.5 INVOMD) digestibility of WSGB were lower (P<0.05) than those of common concentrates with 81.5 and 80.4% for INVDMD and INVOMD, respectively. Cows supplemented with brewery waste had higher (P<0.05) values of milk yield (11.7 litres/cow) and body weight (363.5 kg) compared with those supplemented with common concentrates (9.4 and 341.6, respectively). The usage of brewery byproducts was reported to be influenced by insufficient supply in Hai District (58.82%), while in Arusha city, price fluctuations (29.4%), capital requirements (20.6%) and transportation (8.8%) were the most limiting factors. In conclusion, brewery byproducts are potential feed resources for improving milk production from the dairy cows under a smallholder farming system in Northern Tanzania. Further assessments of the economic profitability of utilizing brewery byproducts as feed supplements for lactating dairy cows managed by smallholder dairy farmers are recommended.

Published in	Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 13, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11
Page(s)	52-65
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dairy Cattle Feeds, Nutritive Values, Milk Yield, Herd Structure, Location, Farm Size, Socioeconomic Factors

References

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Mwanibanza, M. T., Laswai, G. H., Selemani, I. S., Lyatuu, E., Mrode, R. (2025). An Assessment of the Status and Factors Influencing Utilization of Brewery Byproducts as Feed to Dairy Cows Under Smallholder System in Northern Tanzania. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 13(3), 52-65. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11

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Mwanibanza, M. T.; Laswai, G. H.; Selemani, I. S.; Lyatuu, E.; Mrode, R. An Assessment of the Status and Factors Influencing Utilization of Brewery Byproducts as Feed to Dairy Cows Under Smallholder System in Northern Tanzania. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2025, 13(3), 52-65. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11

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AMA Style

Mwanibanza MT, Laswai GH, Selemani IS, Lyatuu E, Mrode R. An Assessment of the Status and Factors Influencing Utilization of Brewery Byproducts as Feed to Dairy Cows Under Smallholder System in Northern Tanzania. Anim Vet Sci. 2025;13(3):52-65. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11,
  author = {Maiko Tresphory Mwanibanza and Germana Henry Laswai and Ismail Saidi Selemani and Eliamon Lyatuu and Raphael Mrode},
  title = {An Assessment of the Status and Factors Influencing Utilization of Brewery Byproducts as Feed to Dairy Cows Under Smallholder System in Northern Tanzania
},
  journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {52-65},
  doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20251303.11},
  abstract = {A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in Arusha City and Hai districts in northern Tanzania to assess the status and factors influencing the usage of brewery byproducts as feed for dairy cows. A total of 110 respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The information collected included gender, educational background, farm size, main occupations, dairying experience, types of concentrates fed to dairy cows and factors affecting the use of brewery byproducts as feed to cows. The body weights of 76 selected cows were estimated using heart girth tape, along with secondary data collected from the farm record books on milk yield. Key informant interviews were made with industry supervisors in two beer processing industries in the two locations. Samples of different types of brewery waste and concentrates used in the study area were collected and chemically analysed, and the two-stage in vitro digestibility was estimated. The study found that farmers with formal education, dairy experience of 10 to 20 years, small farm sizes and herd sizes of more than 15 cows had a greater (P<0.05) likelihood of using brewery byproducts as a supplement to dairy cows. The values of crude protein (23.0%, CP) and nitrogen detergent fibre (51.8%, NDF) contents of wet spent grain byproduct (WSGB) were higher (P<0.05) compared to those of concentrates (12.5 and 28.8%, respectively) commonly used in the study area. The values of in vitro dry matter (63.6 - 65.1%, INVDMD) and organic matter (60.0 - 61.5 INVOMD) digestibility of WSGB were lower (P<0.05) than those of common concentrates with 81.5 and 80.4% for INVDMD and INVOMD, respectively. Cows supplemented with brewery waste had higher (P<0.05) values of milk yield (11.7 litres/cow) and body weight (363.5 kg) compared with those supplemented with common concentrates (9.4 and 341.6, respectively). The usage of brewery byproducts was reported to be influenced by insufficient supply in Hai District (58.82%), while in Arusha city, price fluctuations (29.4%), capital requirements (20.6%) and transportation (8.8%) were the most limiting factors. In conclusion, brewery byproducts are potential feed resources for improving milk production from the dairy cows under a smallholder farming system in Northern Tanzania. Further assessments of the economic profitability of utilizing brewery byproducts as feed supplements for lactating dairy cows managed by smallholder dairy farmers are recommended.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Assessment of the Status and Factors Influencing Utilization of Brewery Byproducts as Feed to Dairy Cows Under Smallholder System in Northern Tanzania

AU  - Maiko Tresphory Mwanibanza
AU  - Germana Henry Laswai
AU  - Ismail Saidi Selemani
AU  - Eliamon Lyatuu
AU  - Raphael Mrode
Y1  - 2025/05/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11
T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
SP  - 52
EP  - 65
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5850
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11
AB  - A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in Arusha City and Hai districts in northern Tanzania to assess the status and factors influencing the usage of brewery byproducts as feed for dairy cows. A total of 110 respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The information collected included gender, educational background, farm size, main occupations, dairying experience, types of concentrates fed to dairy cows and factors affecting the use of brewery byproducts as feed to cows. The body weights of 76 selected cows were estimated using heart girth tape, along with secondary data collected from the farm record books on milk yield. Key informant interviews were made with industry supervisors in two beer processing industries in the two locations. Samples of different types of brewery waste and concentrates used in the study area were collected and chemically analysed, and the two-stage in vitro digestibility was estimated. The study found that farmers with formal education, dairy experience of 10 to 20 years, small farm sizes and herd sizes of more than 15 cows had a greater (P<0.05) likelihood of using brewery byproducts as a supplement to dairy cows. The values of crude protein (23.0%, CP) and nitrogen detergent fibre (51.8%, NDF) contents of wet spent grain byproduct (WSGB) were higher (P<0.05) compared to those of concentrates (12.5 and 28.8%, respectively) commonly used in the study area. The values of in vitro dry matter (63.6 - 65.1%, INVDMD) and organic matter (60.0 - 61.5 INVOMD) digestibility of WSGB were lower (P<0.05) than those of common concentrates with 81.5 and 80.4% for INVDMD and INVOMD, respectively. Cows supplemented with brewery waste had higher (P<0.05) values of milk yield (11.7 litres/cow) and body weight (363.5 kg) compared with those supplemented with common concentrates (9.4 and 341.6, respectively). The usage of brewery byproducts was reported to be influenced by insufficient supply in Hai District (58.82%), while in Arusha city, price fluctuations (29.4%), capital requirements (20.6%) and transportation (8.8%) were the most limiting factors. In conclusion, brewery byproducts are potential feed resources for improving milk production from the dairy cows under a smallholder farming system in Northern Tanzania. Further assessments of the economic profitability of utilizing brewery byproducts as feed supplements for lactating dairy cows managed by smallholder dairy farmers are recommended.

VL  - 13
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Maiko Tresphory Mwanibanza

Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences (DAARS), College of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-8705-2178
Germana Henry Laswai

Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), Mtwara, Tanzania

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http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4782-7286
Ismail Saidi Selemani

Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences (DAARS), College of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

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http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0388-0069
Eliamon Lyatuu

International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-2117
Raphael Mrode

International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya

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http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5653

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Mwanibanza, M. T., Laswai, G. H., Selemani, I. S., Lyatuu, E., Mrode, R. (2025). An Assessment of the Status and Factors Influencing Utilization of Brewery Byproducts as Feed to Dairy Cows Under Smallholder System in Northern Tanzania. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 13(3), 52-65. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11

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Mwanibanza, M. T.; Laswai, G. H.; Selemani, I. S.; Lyatuu, E.; Mrode, R. An Assessment of the Status and Factors Influencing Utilization of Brewery Byproducts as Feed to Dairy Cows Under Smallholder System in Northern Tanzania. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2025, 13(3), 52-65. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11

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AMA Style

Mwanibanza MT, Laswai GH, Selemani IS, Lyatuu E, Mrode R. An Assessment of the Status and Factors Influencing Utilization of Brewery Byproducts as Feed to Dairy Cows Under Smallholder System in Northern Tanzania. Anim Vet Sci. 2025;13(3):52-65. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11,
  author = {Maiko Tresphory Mwanibanza and Germana Henry Laswai and Ismail Saidi Selemani and Eliamon Lyatuu and Raphael Mrode},
  title = {An Assessment of the Status and Factors Influencing Utilization of Brewery Byproducts as Feed to Dairy Cows Under Smallholder System in Northern Tanzania
},
  journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {52-65},
  doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20251303.11},
  abstract = {A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in Arusha City and Hai districts in northern Tanzania to assess the status and factors influencing the usage of brewery byproducts as feed for dairy cows. A total of 110 respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The information collected included gender, educational background, farm size, main occupations, dairying experience, types of concentrates fed to dairy cows and factors affecting the use of brewery byproducts as feed to cows. The body weights of 76 selected cows were estimated using heart girth tape, along with secondary data collected from the farm record books on milk yield. Key informant interviews were made with industry supervisors in two beer processing industries in the two locations. Samples of different types of brewery waste and concentrates used in the study area were collected and chemically analysed, and the two-stage in vitro digestibility was estimated. The study found that farmers with formal education, dairy experience of 10 to 20 years, small farm sizes and herd sizes of more than 15 cows had a greater (P<0.05) likelihood of using brewery byproducts as a supplement to dairy cows. The values of crude protein (23.0%, CP) and nitrogen detergent fibre (51.8%, NDF) contents of wet spent grain byproduct (WSGB) were higher (P<0.05) compared to those of concentrates (12.5 and 28.8%, respectively) commonly used in the study area. The values of in vitro dry matter (63.6 - 65.1%, INVDMD) and organic matter (60.0 - 61.5 INVOMD) digestibility of WSGB were lower (P<0.05) than those of common concentrates with 81.5 and 80.4% for INVDMD and INVOMD, respectively. Cows supplemented with brewery waste had higher (P<0.05) values of milk yield (11.7 litres/cow) and body weight (363.5 kg) compared with those supplemented with common concentrates (9.4 and 341.6, respectively). The usage of brewery byproducts was reported to be influenced by insufficient supply in Hai District (58.82%), while in Arusha city, price fluctuations (29.4%), capital requirements (20.6%) and transportation (8.8%) were the most limiting factors. In conclusion, brewery byproducts are potential feed resources for improving milk production from the dairy cows under a smallholder farming system in Northern Tanzania. Further assessments of the economic profitability of utilizing brewery byproducts as feed supplements for lactating dairy cows managed by smallholder dairy farmers are recommended.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Assessment of the Status and Factors Influencing Utilization of Brewery Byproducts as Feed to Dairy Cows Under Smallholder System in Northern Tanzania

AU  - Maiko Tresphory Mwanibanza
AU  - Germana Henry Laswai
AU  - Ismail Saidi Selemani
AU  - Eliamon Lyatuu
AU  - Raphael Mrode
Y1  - 2025/05/29
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11
T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
SP  - 52
EP  - 65
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5850
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20251303.11
AB  - A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in Arusha City and Hai districts in northern Tanzania to assess the status and factors influencing the usage of brewery byproducts as feed for dairy cows. A total of 110 respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The information collected included gender, educational background, farm size, main occupations, dairying experience, types of concentrates fed to dairy cows and factors affecting the use of brewery byproducts as feed to cows. The body weights of 76 selected cows were estimated using heart girth tape, along with secondary data collected from the farm record books on milk yield. Key informant interviews were made with industry supervisors in two beer processing industries in the two locations. Samples of different types of brewery waste and concentrates used in the study area were collected and chemically analysed, and the two-stage in vitro digestibility was estimated. The study found that farmers with formal education, dairy experience of 10 to 20 years, small farm sizes and herd sizes of more than 15 cows had a greater (P<0.05) likelihood of using brewery byproducts as a supplement to dairy cows. The values of crude protein (23.0%, CP) and nitrogen detergent fibre (51.8%, NDF) contents of wet spent grain byproduct (WSGB) were higher (P<0.05) compared to those of concentrates (12.5 and 28.8%, respectively) commonly used in the study area. The values of in vitro dry matter (63.6 - 65.1%, INVDMD) and organic matter (60.0 - 61.5 INVOMD) digestibility of WSGB were lower (P<0.05) than those of common concentrates with 81.5 and 80.4% for INVDMD and INVOMD, respectively. Cows supplemented with brewery waste had higher (P<0.05) values of milk yield (11.7 litres/cow) and body weight (363.5 kg) compared with those supplemented with common concentrates (9.4 and 341.6, respectively). The usage of brewery byproducts was reported to be influenced by insufficient supply in Hai District (58.82%), while in Arusha city, price fluctuations (29.4%), capital requirements (20.6%) and transportation (8.8%) were the most limiting factors. In conclusion, brewery byproducts are potential feed resources for improving milk production from the dairy cows under a smallholder farming system in Northern Tanzania. Further assessments of the economic profitability of utilizing brewery byproducts as feed supplements for lactating dairy cows managed by smallholder dairy farmers are recommended.

VL  - 13
IS  - 3
ER  -

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