Background. In 2022, the WHO recommended the vaccination of breastfeeding women against COVID-19. In the same year, the Minister of Health sent a referral to the National Committee of Independent Experts for Vaccination and Vaccines of Côte d'Ivoire (CNEIV-CI) for its opinion on the vaccination of breastfeeding women against COVID-19 in the country. The CNEIV-CI recommended the vaccination of breastfeeding women against COVID-19. Objective. To identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination among breastfeeding women. Method. We conducted a cross-sectional survey. The study population consisted of breastfeeding women. Data were collected, using a questionnaire, in health centers during a direct interview with breastfeeding women who came for their child's vaccination. The dependent variables were COVID-19 vaccination status and vaccination intention after weaning, and the independent variables were age, education level, religion, living with a partner, and district of residence. A multivariate analysis, by logistic regression, was performed to search for factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination status, on the one hand, and with vaccination intention after weaning, on the other hand. The measure of association was the adjusted Odds Ratio (ajOR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and a degree of significance p < 0.05. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results. A total of 1009 breastfeeding women were surveyed. The respondents median age was 29 years; the minimum age was 16 years and the maximum age was 44 years. 49 % of respondents were vaccinated. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination status among breastfeeding women were education level (ajOR = 8.57; 95 % CI: 4.92 – 14.94), living with a partner (ajOR = 4.75; 95 % CI: 3.34 – 6.76), and age group (ajOR = 1.63; 95 % CI: 1.02 – 2.6). Conclusion. Awareness-raising among women on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination must continue. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination status were living with a partner, education level, and age group. Qualitative studies could be carried out to understand the underlying reasons behind non-vaccination among breastfeeding women.
Published in | Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 10, Issue 6) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.cajph.20241006.15 |
Page(s) | 266-275 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
COVID-19 Vaccine, Associated Factors, Breastfeeding Women, Côte d’Ivoire
[1] | Zhong, B. L., Luo, W., Li, H. M., Zhang, Q. Q., Liu, X. G., Li, W. T. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey. Nt J Biol Sci. 2020, 16(10), 1745-52. |
[2] |
World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports 27. Available from:
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200216-sitrep-27-covid-19.pdf (accessed 29 June 2020). |
[3] |
WHO. 2019-nCoV outbreak is an emergency of international concern. Available from:
https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/international-health-regulations/news/news/2020/2/2019-ncov-outbreak-is-an-emergency-of-international- concern (accessed 29 June 2020). |
[4] |
WHO AFRO. COVID-19 Situation update for the WHO African Region. Available from:
https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/331425/SITREP_COVID-19_WHOAFRO_20200311-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed 29 June 2020). |
[5] |
WHO. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Situation Reports 26. Available from:
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200215-sitrep-26-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=a4cc6787_2 (accessed 29 June 2020). |
[6] |
Ministre du budget et du portefeuille de l’Etat. Côte d'Ivoire: Covid-19, Plan de riposte contre les infections respiratoires aiguës à Coronavirus [Côte d’Ivoire: Covid-19, Response plan against coronavirus acute respiratory infections]. Available from:
https://www.tralac.org/documents/resources/covid-19/countries/3806-cote-d-ivoire-covid-19-response-plan-30-march-2020-french/file.html (accessed 28 January 2024). |
[7] |
République de Côte d’Ivoire. Vaccination contre la COVID-19: la première phase prévue du 1er au 10 mars 2021 [COVID-19 vaccination: first phase scheduled for March 1-10, 2021]. Available from:
https://www.gouv.ci/_actualite-article.php?recordID=12029&d=6 (accessed 22 August 2022). |
[8] | Direction de Coordination du Programme Elargi de Vaccination. Plan national de déploiement des vaccins et de vaccination contre la COVID-19 en Côte d’Ivoire [Côte d’Ivoire COVID-19 National Deployment Vaccination Plan]. 2021, 85p. |
[9] |
OMS. Recommandations provisoires pour l’utilisation du vaccin anti-COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech, BNT162b2, en vertu du protocole OMS d’autorisation d’utilisation d’urgence [Interim recommendations for use of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, BNT162b2, under Emergency Use Listing]. Available from:
file:///C:/Users/DOC%20DA/Downloads/WHO-2019-nCoV-vaccinesSAGE-recommendation-BNT162b2-2022.1-fre.pdf (accessed 22 August 2022). |
[10] |
OMS. Recommandations provisoires pour l’utilisation du vaccin anti-COVID-19 Ad26.COV2.S de Janssen [Interim recommendations for the use of the Jansen Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine]. Available from:
https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/360485/WHO-2019-nCoV-vaccines-SAGE-recommendation-Ad26.COV2.S-2022.1-fre.pdf (accessed 22 August 2022). |
[11] | Ministère de la Santé, de l’Hygiène Publique et de la Couverture Maladie Universelle. Sollicitation du CNEIV-CI sur la vaccination contre la COVID-19 en Côte d’Ivoire [CNEIV-CI request on COVID-19 vaccination in Côte d’Ivoire]. Courrier 05881 du 12 juillet 2022, 1 p. |
[12] | Comité National d’Experts Indépendants pour la Vaccination et les Vaccins de la Côte d’Ivoire. Note de recommandation sur la vaccination des femmes enceintes et des femmes allaitantes contre le COVID-19 en Côte d’Ivoire [Recommendation note on pregnant and breasfeeding women vaccination against COVID-19 in Côte d’Ivoire]. Ref: CNEIV-CI N° 1/2022, Abidjan, 2022, 4 p. |
[13] |
Directeur de Cabinet du Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Couverture Maladie Universelle. Note circulaire N°103/2023 relative à l’élargissement de la cible de vaccination contre la COVID-19 aux femmes enceintes et femmes allaitantes en Côte d’Ivoire [Circular note N° 103/2023 relating to COVID-19 vaccination target expansion to pregnant and breasfeeding women in Côte d’Ivoire]. Bulletin de Santé Publique de Côte d’Ivoire. 2023, 1(1), p35. Available from:
https://bsp.inspci.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/BSP-Vol-01-N1-FINAL_vf_OK.pdf (accessed 12 July 2023). |
[14] | Institut National d’Hygiène Publique. Enquête d’acceptabilité de la vaccination contre la COVID-19 dans la population générale en Côte d’Ivoire [COVID-19 vaccination acceptability survey in the general population in Côte d’Ivoire]. Abidjan, rapport final, 2021, 42 p. |
[15] | Institut National d’Hygiène Publique. Enquête d’acceptabilité de la vaccination contre la COVID-19 dans la population générale en Côte d’Ivoire, en 2022 [COVID-19 vaccination acceptability survey in the general population in Côte d’Ivoire, in 2022]. Abidjan, rapport final, 2022, 63 p. |
[16] |
Wistim. Les effets de l’âge sur la fertilité féminine et masculine [The effects of age on female and male fertility]. Available from:
https://www.wistim.com/articles-conseils/article-age-et-fertilite-du-couple (accessed 4 January 2024). |
[17] |
Centre d’information et de communication gouvernementale de la Côte d’Ivoire. Résultats globaux définitifs du RGPH 2021: la population vivant habituellement sur le territoire ivoirien se chiffre à 29 389 150 habitants [Final overall results of the 2021 census: the population living on Ivorian territory amounts to 29,389,150 inhabitants]. Available from:
https://www.gouv.ci/_actualite-article.php?recordID=13769 (accessed 16 February 2023). |
[18] | Pedersen, B.; Thanel, K.; Kouakou, A. Y.; Zo, J. R.; Ouattara, M. L.; Gbeke, D.; Thompson, G.; Agha, S. Identifying Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Residents of Yopougon Est, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Vaccines. 2022, 10, 2101. |
[19] | Thanel, K., Pedersen, B., Albert, Y. K., Ouattara, M. L., Gbeke, D., Ranebennur, V., Burke, H. M. Acceptability of an incentivized peer referral intervention to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in Yopougon-Est, Côte d’Ivoire. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2024, 12(3): e2300468. |
[20] |
Institut National de la Statistique. Enquête Démographique et de Santé 2021 [2021 Demographic and Health Survey]. Rapport final, 2023, p47. Available from:
https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR385/FR385.pdf (accessed 16 February 2023). |
[21] | Ackah, B. B. B., Woo, M., Stallwood, L., Fazal, Z. A., Okpani, A., Ukah, U. V., Adu, P. A. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Africa: a scoping review. Global Health Research and Policy. 2022, 7(21). |
[22] | Wollburg, P., Markhof, Y., Kanyanda, S., Zezza, A. Assessing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and barriers to uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa. Communications medecine. 2023, 3: 121. |
[23] |
Seydou, A. Who wants COVID-19 vaccination? In 5 West African countries, hesitancy is high, trust low. Dsipatch, 2021, 432. Available from:
https://www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/ad432-covid-19_vaccine_hesitancy_high_trust_low_in_west_africa-afrobarometer-8march21.pdf (accessed 16 February 2023). |
[24] |
Gilbert, D. American anti-vax conspiracies are now running rampant in West Africa. Available from:
https://www.vice.com/en/article/y3db8y/covid-anti-vax-conspiracies-west-africa (accessed 24 June 2022). |
[25] | Dereje, N., Tesfaye, A., Tamene, B., Alemeshet, D., Abe, H., Tesfa, N., et al. COVID-19 Vaccine hesitancy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study. BMJ Open. 2022, 12: e052432. |
[26] | Joshi, A., Kaur, M., Kaur, R., Grover, A., Nash, D., El-Mohandes, A. Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, intention, and hesitancy: a scoping review. Front. Public Health. 2021, 9, 698111. |
[27] | Datta, B. K., Jaremski, J. E., Ansa, B. E., Odhiambo, L. A., Islam, K. M. M., Johnson, J. A. Role of Perceived Social Support in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among U.S. Adults. AJPM Focus. 2023, 2(3), 100104. |
[28] | Schmaling, K. B. Couples and COVID-19 vaccination: Frequency and reasons for discordance. Vaccine. 2022, 40, 1913-1917. |
[29] | Wake, A. D. The willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors: “Vaccination refusal could prolong the war of this pandemic” – A systematic review. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 2021, 14, 2609-2623. |
[30] | Bono, S. A., Villela, E. F. M., Siau, C. S., Chen, W. S., Pengpid, S., Hasan, M. T., et al. Factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: an international survey among Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Vaccines. 2021, 9, 515. |
[31] | Terry, E., Cartledge, S., Damery, S., Sheila Greenfeld. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic; a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. BMC Public Health. 2022, 22(1), 1667. |
[32] | AlShurman, B. A., Khan, A. F., Mac, C., Majeed, M., Butt, Z. A. What demographic, social, and contextual factors influence the intention to use COVID-19 vaccines: a scoping review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021, 18, 9342. |
APA Style
Douba, A., Aka, N. B. L., Ahoussou, E. M. K., Akani, C. B., Ano, M. N., et al. (2024). Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Among Breastfeeding Women in Abidjan, in 2023. Central African Journal of Public Health, 10(6), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20241006.15
ACS Style
Douba, A.; Aka, N. B. L.; Ahoussou, E. M. K.; Akani, C. B.; Ano, M. N., et al. Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Among Breastfeeding Women in Abidjan, in 2023. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2024, 10(6), 266-275. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20241006.15
@article{10.11648/j.cajph.20241006.15, author = {Alfred Douba and Nicaise Bernadin Lepri Aka and Eric Martial Kouakou Ahoussou and Christian Bangaman Akani and Marie Noelle Ano and Christiane Djoman and Assemien Boa and Daniel Kouadio Ekra and Tiembre Issaka}, title = {Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Among Breastfeeding Women in Abidjan, in 2023 }, journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {266-275}, doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20241006.15}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20241006.15}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20241006.15}, abstract = {Background. In 2022, the WHO recommended the vaccination of breastfeeding women against COVID-19. In the same year, the Minister of Health sent a referral to the National Committee of Independent Experts for Vaccination and Vaccines of Côte d'Ivoire (CNEIV-CI) for its opinion on the vaccination of breastfeeding women against COVID-19 in the country. The CNEIV-CI recommended the vaccination of breastfeeding women against COVID-19. Objective. To identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination among breastfeeding women. Method. We conducted a cross-sectional survey. The study population consisted of breastfeeding women. Data were collected, using a questionnaire, in health centers during a direct interview with breastfeeding women who came for their child's vaccination. The dependent variables were COVID-19 vaccination status and vaccination intention after weaning, and the independent variables were age, education level, religion, living with a partner, and district of residence. A multivariate analysis, by logistic regression, was performed to search for factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination status, on the one hand, and with vaccination intention after weaning, on the other hand. The measure of association was the adjusted Odds Ratio (ajOR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and a degree of significance p Results. A total of 1009 breastfeeding women were surveyed. The respondents median age was 29 years; the minimum age was 16 years and the maximum age was 44 years. 49 % of respondents were vaccinated. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination status among breastfeeding women were education level (ajOR = 8.57; 95 % CI: 4.92 – 14.94), living with a partner (ajOR = 4.75; 95 % CI: 3.34 – 6.76), and age group (ajOR = 1.63; 95 % CI: 1.02 – 2.6). Conclusion. Awareness-raising among women on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination must continue. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination status were living with a partner, education level, and age group. Qualitative studies could be carried out to understand the underlying reasons behind non-vaccination among breastfeeding women. }, year = {2024} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Among Breastfeeding Women in Abidjan, in 2023 AU - Alfred Douba AU - Nicaise Bernadin Lepri Aka AU - Eric Martial Kouakou Ahoussou AU - Christian Bangaman Akani AU - Marie Noelle Ano AU - Christiane Djoman AU - Assemien Boa AU - Daniel Kouadio Ekra AU - Tiembre Issaka Y1 - 2024/11/26 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20241006.15 DO - 10.11648/j.cajph.20241006.15 T2 - Central African Journal of Public Health JF - Central African Journal of Public Health JO - Central African Journal of Public Health SP - 266 EP - 275 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-5781 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20241006.15 AB - Background. In 2022, the WHO recommended the vaccination of breastfeeding women against COVID-19. In the same year, the Minister of Health sent a referral to the National Committee of Independent Experts for Vaccination and Vaccines of Côte d'Ivoire (CNEIV-CI) for its opinion on the vaccination of breastfeeding women against COVID-19 in the country. The CNEIV-CI recommended the vaccination of breastfeeding women against COVID-19. Objective. To identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination among breastfeeding women. Method. We conducted a cross-sectional survey. The study population consisted of breastfeeding women. Data were collected, using a questionnaire, in health centers during a direct interview with breastfeeding women who came for their child's vaccination. The dependent variables were COVID-19 vaccination status and vaccination intention after weaning, and the independent variables were age, education level, religion, living with a partner, and district of residence. A multivariate analysis, by logistic regression, was performed to search for factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination status, on the one hand, and with vaccination intention after weaning, on the other hand. The measure of association was the adjusted Odds Ratio (ajOR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and a degree of significance p Results. A total of 1009 breastfeeding women were surveyed. The respondents median age was 29 years; the minimum age was 16 years and the maximum age was 44 years. 49 % of respondents were vaccinated. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination status among breastfeeding women were education level (ajOR = 8.57; 95 % CI: 4.92 – 14.94), living with a partner (ajOR = 4.75; 95 % CI: 3.34 – 6.76), and age group (ajOR = 1.63; 95 % CI: 1.02 – 2.6). Conclusion. Awareness-raising among women on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination must continue. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination status were living with a partner, education level, and age group. Qualitative studies could be carried out to understand the underlying reasons behind non-vaccination among breastfeeding women. VL - 10 IS - 6 ER -