Experimental Modelling of Non-Gunshot Fractures of the Mandible

Belikov Oleksandr; Roshchuk Oleksandra; Belikova Natalia; Sorokhan Mykola; Aliyev Vugar

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15

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| Peer-Reviewed

Experimental Modelling of Non-Gunshot Fractures of the Mandible

Belikov Oleksandr^*

, Roshchuk Oleksandra

, Belikova Natalia

, Sorokhan Mykola, Aliyev Vugar

Published in International Journal of Dental Medicine (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Received: 26 March 2025 Accepted: 15 April 2025 Published: 9 May 2025

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Abstract

The article summarizes the results of clinical and experimental studies of the formation of mandibular fractures of non-gunshot origin depending on the direction and angle of impact, the features of destruction of its surface during jaw clamping and unclamping. To conduct an experimental reproduction of mechanical blunt trauma of the mandible, to document the localization of fractures and to determine the potential relationship between the site of impact and the site of fracture to determine the nature of bone destruction depending on both the direction of impact and the state of functioning of the jaws. The study revealed a clear pattern. Namely, fractures were formed either in the area of impact to the lower jaw or in the area adjacent to the impact site. The number of fractures also varied depending on the impact site. In no case did a blow to the same area cause exactly the same type of fracture, and the location of fractures that occurred in areas other than the impact site also differed significantly in terms of the structural geometry of the mandible. The fractures occurred consistently in areas recognized as biomechanically weak, such as the necks of the articular and condylar processes, corners, and mental foramina. There was a difference between fractures in closed and open jaws. Thus, with closed jaws, fractures from direct compression are formed on the outer surface of the jaw, and on the inner surface - tension, where the primary fracture is formed, and a bone fracture zone is formed at the site of direct contact. On the contrary, when the jaws are open, indirect fractures are formed on the opposite side. That is, when diagnosing non-gunshot fractures of the mandible, it is necessary to take into account not only the force of impact, its direction, but also the condition of the masticatory muscles during the injury and the position of the victim's head.

Published in	International Journal of Dental Medicine (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15
Page(s)	34-40
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mandible, Anatomical Features, Non-Gunshot Fracture, Localization, Displacement of Fragments

References

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APA Style

Oleksandr, B., Oleksandra, R., Natalia, B., Mykola, S., Vugar, A. (2025). Experimental Modelling of Non-Gunshot Fractures of the Mandible. International Journal of Dental Medicine, 11(1), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15

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ACS Style

Oleksandr, B.; Oleksandra, R.; Natalia, B.; Mykola, S.; Vugar, A. Experimental Modelling of Non-Gunshot Fractures of the Mandible. Int. J. Dent. Med. 2025, 11(1), 34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15

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AMA Style

Oleksandr B, Oleksandra R, Natalia B, Mykola S, Vugar A. Experimental Modelling of Non-Gunshot Fractures of the Mandible. Int J Dent Med. 2025;11(1):34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15,
  author = {Belikov Oleksandr and Roshchuk Oleksandra and Belikova Natalia and Sorokhan Mykola and Aliyev Vugar},
  title = {Experimental Modelling of Non-Gunshot Fractures of the Mandible
},
  journal = {International Journal of Dental Medicine},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {34-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijdm.20251101.15},
  abstract = {The article summarizes the results of clinical and experimental studies of the formation of mandibular fractures of non-gunshot origin depending on the direction and angle of impact, the features of destruction of its surface during jaw clamping and unclamping. To conduct an experimental reproduction of mechanical blunt trauma of the mandible, to document the localization of fractures and to determine the potential relationship between the site of impact and the site of fracture to determine the nature of bone destruction depending on both the direction of impact and the state of functioning of the jaws. The study revealed a clear pattern. Namely, fractures were formed either in the area of impact to the lower jaw or in the area adjacent to the impact site. The number of fractures also varied depending on the impact site. In no case did a blow to the same area cause exactly the same type of fracture, and the location of fractures that occurred in areas other than the impact site also differed significantly in terms of the structural geometry of the mandible. The fractures occurred consistently in areas recognized as biomechanically weak, such as the necks of the articular and condylar processes, corners, and mental foramina. There was a difference between fractures in closed and open jaws. Thus, with closed jaws, fractures from direct compression are formed on the outer surface of the jaw, and on the inner surface - tension, where the primary fracture is formed, and a bone fracture zone is formed at the site of direct contact. On the contrary, when the jaws are open, indirect fractures are formed on the opposite side. That is, when diagnosing non-gunshot fractures of the mandible, it is necessary to take into account not only the force of impact, its direction, but also the condition of the masticatory muscles during the injury and the position of the victim's head.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Modelling of Non-Gunshot Fractures of the Mandible

AU  - Belikov Oleksandr
AU  - Roshchuk Oleksandra
AU  - Belikova Natalia
AU  - Sorokhan Mykola
AU  - Aliyev Vugar
Y1  - 2025/05/09
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15
T2  - International Journal of Dental Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Dental Medicine
JO  - International Journal of Dental Medicine
SP  - 34
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-1387
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15
AB  - The article summarizes the results of clinical and experimental studies of the formation of mandibular fractures of non-gunshot origin depending on the direction and angle of impact, the features of destruction of its surface during jaw clamping and unclamping. To conduct an experimental reproduction of mechanical blunt trauma of the mandible, to document the localization of fractures and to determine the potential relationship between the site of impact and the site of fracture to determine the nature of bone destruction depending on both the direction of impact and the state of functioning of the jaws. The study revealed a clear pattern. Namely, fractures were formed either in the area of impact to the lower jaw or in the area adjacent to the impact site. The number of fractures also varied depending on the impact site. In no case did a blow to the same area cause exactly the same type of fracture, and the location of fractures that occurred in areas other than the impact site also differed significantly in terms of the structural geometry of the mandible. The fractures occurred consistently in areas recognized as biomechanically weak, such as the necks of the articular and condylar processes, corners, and mental foramina. There was a difference between fractures in closed and open jaws. Thus, with closed jaws, fractures from direct compression are formed on the outer surface of the jaw, and on the inner surface - tension, where the primary fracture is formed, and a bone fracture zone is formed at the site of direct contact. On the contrary, when the jaws are open, indirect fractures are formed on the opposite side. That is, when diagnosing non-gunshot fractures of the mandible, it is necessary to take into account not only the force of impact, its direction, but also the condition of the masticatory muscles during the injury and the position of the victim's head.

VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Belikov Oleksandr

Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-6311
Roshchuk Oleksandra

Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1877-1546
Belikova Natalia

Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-2089
Sorokhan Mykola

Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Aliyev Vugar

Department of Dentistry, Nakhichevan State University, Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-9984-8349

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APA Style

Oleksandr, B., Oleksandra, R., Natalia, B., Mykola, S., Vugar, A. (2025). Experimental Modelling of Non-Gunshot Fractures of the Mandible. International Journal of Dental Medicine, 11(1), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15

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ACS Style

Oleksandr, B.; Oleksandra, R.; Natalia, B.; Mykola, S.; Vugar, A. Experimental Modelling of Non-Gunshot Fractures of the Mandible. Int. J. Dent. Med. 2025, 11(1), 34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15

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AMA Style

Oleksandr B, Oleksandra R, Natalia B, Mykola S, Vugar A. Experimental Modelling of Non-Gunshot Fractures of the Mandible. Int J Dent Med. 2025;11(1):34-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15,
  author = {Belikov Oleksandr and Roshchuk Oleksandra and Belikova Natalia and Sorokhan Mykola and Aliyev Vugar},
  title = {Experimental Modelling of Non-Gunshot Fractures of the Mandible
},
  journal = {International Journal of Dental Medicine},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {34-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijdm.20251101.15},
  abstract = {The article summarizes the results of clinical and experimental studies of the formation of mandibular fractures of non-gunshot origin depending on the direction and angle of impact, the features of destruction of its surface during jaw clamping and unclamping. To conduct an experimental reproduction of mechanical blunt trauma of the mandible, to document the localization of fractures and to determine the potential relationship between the site of impact and the site of fracture to determine the nature of bone destruction depending on both the direction of impact and the state of functioning of the jaws. The study revealed a clear pattern. Namely, fractures were formed either in the area of impact to the lower jaw or in the area adjacent to the impact site. The number of fractures also varied depending on the impact site. In no case did a blow to the same area cause exactly the same type of fracture, and the location of fractures that occurred in areas other than the impact site also differed significantly in terms of the structural geometry of the mandible. The fractures occurred consistently in areas recognized as biomechanically weak, such as the necks of the articular and condylar processes, corners, and mental foramina. There was a difference between fractures in closed and open jaws. Thus, with closed jaws, fractures from direct compression are formed on the outer surface of the jaw, and on the inner surface - tension, where the primary fracture is formed, and a bone fracture zone is formed at the site of direct contact. On the contrary, when the jaws are open, indirect fractures are formed on the opposite side. That is, when diagnosing non-gunshot fractures of the mandible, it is necessary to take into account not only the force of impact, its direction, but also the condition of the masticatory muscles during the injury and the position of the victim's head.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Modelling of Non-Gunshot Fractures of the Mandible

AU  - Belikov Oleksandr
AU  - Roshchuk Oleksandra
AU  - Belikova Natalia
AU  - Sorokhan Mykola
AU  - Aliyev Vugar
Y1  - 2025/05/09
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15
T2  - International Journal of Dental Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Dental Medicine
JO  - International Journal of Dental Medicine
SP  - 34
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-1387
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdm.20251101.15
AB  - The article summarizes the results of clinical and experimental studies of the formation of mandibular fractures of non-gunshot origin depending on the direction and angle of impact, the features of destruction of its surface during jaw clamping and unclamping. To conduct an experimental reproduction of mechanical blunt trauma of the mandible, to document the localization of fractures and to determine the potential relationship between the site of impact and the site of fracture to determine the nature of bone destruction depending on both the direction of impact and the state of functioning of the jaws. The study revealed a clear pattern. Namely, fractures were formed either in the area of impact to the lower jaw or in the area adjacent to the impact site. The number of fractures also varied depending on the impact site. In no case did a blow to the same area cause exactly the same type of fracture, and the location of fractures that occurred in areas other than the impact site also differed significantly in terms of the structural geometry of the mandible. The fractures occurred consistently in areas recognized as biomechanically weak, such as the necks of the articular and condylar processes, corners, and mental foramina. There was a difference between fractures in closed and open jaws. Thus, with closed jaws, fractures from direct compression are formed on the outer surface of the jaw, and on the inner surface - tension, where the primary fracture is formed, and a bone fracture zone is formed at the site of direct contact. On the contrary, when the jaws are open, indirect fractures are formed on the opposite side. That is, when diagnosing non-gunshot fractures of the mandible, it is necessary to take into account not only the force of impact, its direction, but also the condition of the masticatory muscles during the injury and the position of the victim's head.

VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

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