Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm

Yam Krishna Poudel

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12

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Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm

Yam Krishna Poudel^*

Published in International Journal of Electrical Components and Energy Conversion (Volume 10, Issue 1)

Received: 25 September 2024 Accepted: 22 October 2024 Published: 22 November 2024

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Abstract

Minimizing power loss and improving voltage stability are crucial aspects of power systems, driven by transmission line contingencies, financial losses for utilities, and potential power system blackouts. Optimal allocation comprising the sizing and operating power factor—of Distributed Generation (DG) units and capacitor banks (CBs) significantly enhances power system efficiency. Efforts by power system operators and researchers focus on addressing issues related to power loss, energy loss, voltage profiles, and voltage stability through the strategic placement of DGs and CBs. Additionally, optimal DG and CB allocation protects the distribution system from unforeseen events and enables operators to run the system in islanding mode when necessary. The integration of DG units and CBs in distribution systems aims to enhance overall system performance. This research paper introduces a Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) for the optimal placement and sizing of DGs and CBs. The proposed method targets both technical and economic benefits, considering multiple objective functions: minimizing power losses, reducing voltage deviation, lowering total electrical energy costs, and improving the voltage stability index. The WCA emulates the natural water cycle, from streams to rivers and rivers to the sea. Five different operational scenarios are evaluated to test the performance of this methodology. Simulations are conducted on distribution systems: the IEEE 69-bus test system and the Sankhu feeder network, a real system. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed WCA compared to other optimization algorithms. The findings highlight the WCA's flexibility, efficiency, and significant improvements in economic benefits, establishing it as a promising approach for optimizing the placement of DG and CB in distribution systems.

Published in	International Journal of Electrical Components and Energy Conversion (Volume 10, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12
Page(s)	18-32
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Distributed Generation (DG), Capacitor Bank (CB), Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA), Optimization, Sankhu Feeder Network

References

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[2]	Ali, A., Abbas, G., Keerio, M. U., Mirsaeidi, S., Alshahr, S., & Alshahir, A. (2023). Multi-Objective Optimal Siting and Sizing of Distributed Generators and Shunt Capacitors Considering the Effect of Voltage-Dependent Nonlinear Load Models. IEEE Access, 11, 21465–21487. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3250760
[3]	Alwash, S., Ibrahim, S., & Abed, A. M. (2022). Distribution System Reconfiguration with Soft Open Point for Power Loss Reduction in Distribution Systems Based on Hybrid Water Cycle Algorithm. Energies, 16(1), 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010199
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[9]	Mahato, J. P., Poudel, Y. K., Chapagain, M. R., & Mandal, R. K. (2024). Power Loss Minimization and Voltage Profile Improvement of Radial Distribution Network Through the Installation of Capacitor and Distributed Generation (DG). Archives of Advanced Engineering Science. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewAAES42022031
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[11]	Poudel, Y. K., & Bhandari, P. (2023). Control of the BLDC Motor Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Tuning PID Parameters. Archives of Advanced Engineering Science. https://doi.org/10.47852/bonviewAAES32021184
[12]	Poudel, Y. K., Kumar Pudasaini, R., Kandel, D. N., Maharjan, S., Bhandari, Y., & Yadav, J. K. (2024). HIGH-FREQUENCY TRANSFORMER DESIGN FOR SOLID STATE TRANSFORMERS IN ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS: A NOVEL DESIGN METHODOLOGY. In International Journal of Applied Engineering & Technology Copyrights @ Roman Science Publications Ins (Vol. 6, Issue 1).
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[19]	Eskandar, H. et al. (2012) ‘Water cycle algorithm – A novel metaheuristic optimization method for solving constrained engineering optimization problems’, Computers & Structures, 110-111, pp. 151–166. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2012.07.010
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APA Style

Poudel, Y. K. (2024). Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Components and Energy Conversion, 10(1), 18-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12

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ACS Style

Poudel, Y. K. Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm. Int. J. Electr. Compon. Energy Convers. 2024, 10(1), 18-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12

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AMA Style

Poudel YK. Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm. Int J Electr Compon Energy Convers. 2024;10(1):18-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12,
  author = {Yam Krishna Poudel},
  title = {Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm
},
  journal = {International Journal of Electrical Components and Energy Conversion},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {18-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijecec.20241001.12},
  abstract = {Minimizing power loss and improving voltage stability are crucial aspects of power systems, driven by transmission line contingencies, financial losses for utilities, and potential power system blackouts. Optimal allocation comprising the sizing and operating power factor—of Distributed Generation (DG) units and capacitor banks (CBs) significantly enhances power system efficiency. Efforts by power system operators and researchers focus on addressing issues related to power loss, energy loss, voltage profiles, and voltage stability through the strategic placement of DGs and CBs. Additionally, optimal DG and CB allocation protects the distribution system from unforeseen events and enables operators to run the system in islanding mode when necessary. The integration of DG units and CBs in distribution systems aims to enhance overall system performance. This research paper introduces a Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) for the optimal placement and sizing of DGs and CBs. The proposed method targets both technical and economic benefits, considering multiple objective functions: minimizing power losses, reducing voltage deviation, lowering total electrical energy costs, and improving the voltage stability index. The WCA emulates the natural water cycle, from streams to rivers and rivers to the sea. Five different operational scenarios are evaluated to test the performance of this methodology. Simulations are conducted on distribution systems: the IEEE 69-bus test system and the Sankhu feeder network, a real system. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed WCA compared to other optimization algorithms. The findings highlight the WCA's flexibility, efficiency, and significant improvements in economic benefits, establishing it as a promising approach for optimizing the placement of DG and CB in distribution systems.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm

AU  - Yam Krishna Poudel
Y1  - 2024/11/22
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12
T2  - International Journal of Electrical Components and Energy Conversion
JF  - International Journal of Electrical Components and Energy Conversion
JO  - International Journal of Electrical Components and Energy Conversion
SP  - 18
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8059
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12
AB  - Minimizing power loss and improving voltage stability are crucial aspects of power systems, driven by transmission line contingencies, financial losses for utilities, and potential power system blackouts. Optimal allocation comprising the sizing and operating power factor—of Distributed Generation (DG) units and capacitor banks (CBs) significantly enhances power system efficiency. Efforts by power system operators and researchers focus on addressing issues related to power loss, energy loss, voltage profiles, and voltage stability through the strategic placement of DGs and CBs. Additionally, optimal DG and CB allocation protects the distribution system from unforeseen events and enables operators to run the system in islanding mode when necessary. The integration of DG units and CBs in distribution systems aims to enhance overall system performance. This research paper introduces a Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) for the optimal placement and sizing of DGs and CBs. The proposed method targets both technical and economic benefits, considering multiple objective functions: minimizing power losses, reducing voltage deviation, lowering total electrical energy costs, and improving the voltage stability index. The WCA emulates the natural water cycle, from streams to rivers and rivers to the sea. Five different operational scenarios are evaluated to test the performance of this methodology. Simulations are conducted on distribution systems: the IEEE 69-bus test system and the Sankhu feeder network, a real system. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed WCA compared to other optimization algorithms. The findings highlight the WCA's flexibility, efficiency, and significant improvements in economic benefits, establishing it as a promising approach for optimizing the placement of DG and CB in distribution systems.

VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Yam Krishna Poudel

Department of Power System Engineering, IoE Pulchowk Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9438-0395

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APA Style

Poudel, Y. K. (2024). Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm. International Journal of Electrical Components and Energy Conversion, 10(1), 18-32. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12

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ACS Style

Poudel, Y. K. Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm. Int. J. Electr. Compon. Energy Convers. 2024, 10(1), 18-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12

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AMA Style

Poudel YK. Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm. Int J Electr Compon Energy Convers. 2024;10(1):18-32. doi: 10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12,
  author = {Yam Krishna Poudel},
  title = {Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm
},
  journal = {International Journal of Electrical Components and Energy Conversion},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {18-32},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijecec.20241001.12},
  abstract = {Minimizing power loss and improving voltage stability are crucial aspects of power systems, driven by transmission line contingencies, financial losses for utilities, and potential power system blackouts. Optimal allocation comprising the sizing and operating power factor—of Distributed Generation (DG) units and capacitor banks (CBs) significantly enhances power system efficiency. Efforts by power system operators and researchers focus on addressing issues related to power loss, energy loss, voltage profiles, and voltage stability through the strategic placement of DGs and CBs. Additionally, optimal DG and CB allocation protects the distribution system from unforeseen events and enables operators to run the system in islanding mode when necessary. The integration of DG units and CBs in distribution systems aims to enhance overall system performance. This research paper introduces a Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) for the optimal placement and sizing of DGs and CBs. The proposed method targets both technical and economic benefits, considering multiple objective functions: minimizing power losses, reducing voltage deviation, lowering total electrical energy costs, and improving the voltage stability index. The WCA emulates the natural water cycle, from streams to rivers and rivers to the sea. Five different operational scenarios are evaluated to test the performance of this methodology. Simulations are conducted on distribution systems: the IEEE 69-bus test system and the Sankhu feeder network, a real system. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed WCA compared to other optimization algorithms. The findings highlight the WCA's flexibility, efficiency, and significant improvements in economic benefits, establishing it as a promising approach for optimizing the placement of DG and CB in distribution systems.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Nepal's Sankhu Feeder Using the Water Cycle Algorithm

AU  - Yam Krishna Poudel
Y1  - 2024/11/22
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12
T2  - International Journal of Electrical Components and Energy Conversion
JF  - International Journal of Electrical Components and Energy Conversion
JO  - International Journal of Electrical Components and Energy Conversion
SP  - 18
EP  - 32
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8059
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijecec.20241001.12
AB  - Minimizing power loss and improving voltage stability are crucial aspects of power systems, driven by transmission line contingencies, financial losses for utilities, and potential power system blackouts. Optimal allocation comprising the sizing and operating power factor—of Distributed Generation (DG) units and capacitor banks (CBs) significantly enhances power system efficiency. Efforts by power system operators and researchers focus on addressing issues related to power loss, energy loss, voltage profiles, and voltage stability through the strategic placement of DGs and CBs. Additionally, optimal DG and CB allocation protects the distribution system from unforeseen events and enables operators to run the system in islanding mode when necessary. The integration of DG units and CBs in distribution systems aims to enhance overall system performance. This research paper introduces a Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) for the optimal placement and sizing of DGs and CBs. The proposed method targets both technical and economic benefits, considering multiple objective functions: minimizing power losses, reducing voltage deviation, lowering total electrical energy costs, and improving the voltage stability index. The WCA emulates the natural water cycle, from streams to rivers and rivers to the sea. Five different operational scenarios are evaluated to test the performance of this methodology. Simulations are conducted on distribution systems: the IEEE 69-bus test system and the Sankhu feeder network, a real system. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed WCA compared to other optimization algorithms. The findings highlight the WCA's flexibility, efficiency, and significant improvements in economic benefits, establishing it as a promising approach for optimizing the placement of DG and CB in distribution systems.

VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download